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Jan 1, 1000
Leif Erikson reaches North America
Cause: Leif Erikson was the first white man to set foot on American soil, in what is now called Canada, Erickson had named Helluland, Markland and Vinland. The discovery of Canada was an accidental one as he was on his way back to Greenland when his boat got blown off course and he came across Canada.
Effect: The discovery of Canada and America was all done by Leif and he even did it between 500 - 1000 years before Colombus. -
Oct 14, 1066
The battle of Hastings
Cause: The battle occured after a dispute over the enreignment to the English throne. William, the cousin of Edward the king of England, wanted to over throw the reign of the throne from Harold Godwinson after his cousin Edward had promised Harold to pass down the throne to him after he died. Effect: The battle had both a direct and indirect effect on the changes of English law, language and culture and laid the groundwork for the beginnings of the English feudal system. -
Jan 1, 1085
Doomesday Book
The doomesday book was one of Medievals Europes greatest treasures. The Doomesday book is linked with William the conquerors attempt to take over Medieval Europe. Cause: The cause of the Doomesday Book was to make people pay tax for defence and invasion. Effect: The effect was that they had records of all the settlments. -
Jan 1, 1099
First Crusade
Cause: The first Crusade played a major in Medieval England. The First Crusade was an attempt to re-capture Jerusalem.
Effect: After the capture of Jerusalem by the Muslims in 1076, any Christian who wanted to search the city faced a very difficult experience. Muslim soldiers made life extremely difficult for the Christians and trying to travel to Jerusalem was packed with problems for a Christian. This severely angered all Christians. -
Jan 1, 1147
Minamato no Yoritomo
Cause: Minamato Yoritomo was the creator of the first warrior government in Kamakura. At the age of 12, he was chosen to be an administrator. The Minamato lost the Hogen war later that year to the Taira forces. Twenty years later the Minamato were called upon to rise against the Taira.
Effect: Yoritomo became the leader of the new warrior society. He established a military government that ran independently, and was responsible for keeping law order in the provinces. -
Jan 1, 1162
Ghengis Khan
Cause: Ghengis Khan was born in 1162, he was born to the head of the Mongol clan. He became the ruler of the biggest Empire known to man kind, The Mongol Empire in 1190. Under the reign of Ghengis, the Empire spread from Russia all the way to China.
Effect: He was responsible for millions of deaths during his life. Even though Ghengis was known for his mass murders he unified and brought peace to 5000 miles of trade routes. -
Jan 1, 1192
Third Crusade
Cause: Launched in 1189AD. It was called on because of the Muslim recapture of Jerusalem in 1187 and the defeat of Palestinian knights at Hittin.
Effect: It was an unsuccessful crusade. Frederick I Barbarossa of Germany drowned before he even made it to the Holy Land. Philip II Augustus of France returned home after a short period of time. The remaining Crusaders under Richard had reached almost up to the gates of Jerusalem but failed to do so. -
Jan 1, 1199
Death of Minamato Yoritomo
Cause: The war between Minamto Yoritomos and the Taira Kiyomori forces was a major civil war and continued for 5 years, and is also known as the Genpei war. Yoritomo became the defacto leader of a new warrior society. Effect: Minamato no Yoritomo died in 1199, suffering from a supposed serious illness. This caused his grandson to believe that to believe his uncle Sanetomo because he belived that he was the cause of Minamatos death. -
Jan 1, 1274
The Mongols try to invade Japan
Cause: The Mongol leader Kublai Khan came to power in 1260, the Mongols had already conquered a vast territory spreading throughout Asia and the Middle East. He focused on Japan the Mongols would have the perfect economic and military isolation of South China by bringing Japan under his control.
Effect: The Japanese defense had no choice but to retreat. That night, when the Mongols retired to their ships, a severe storm hit the island, sinking 200 ships and killing over 13,000 Mongol soldiers. -
Jan 1, 1348
The Flagellants
Cause: Medieval society lacked any modern medical knowledge, thus is why they belived that the bubonic plague was a plague sent by god to punish society for their sins, so the church and its followers confessed their sins and prayed for gods forgiveness.
Effect: The flagellants would whip or flagellate themsleves because of their sins and in some cases they would die from blood loss. They would also organise into large groups and go into proccesion and march through towns in shame. -
Jan 1, 1348
Persecution of the Jews
Cause: At the onset of the plague,
Jews were already disliked in Medieval society. In the crazyness of the pandemic many people looked for someone to blame for their suffering. They believed that the JEws were capable of the posioning of wells to cause the plague.
Effect: As soon as the accusations against the Jews were being proclaimed, Jews began to be slaughtered, burnt and massacred. Approximately 16,000 Jews were killed during the Black Death. -
Jan 1, 1350
Plague reaches Germany
Cause: The cause of the plague reaching Germany was because of the fleas and rats carrying the disease on board of trading and other kinds of ships docking in the docks of Germany
Effect: The effect of the plague reaching Germany was that nearly half of its population got wipeed and that German ships carried it across to other countries to futher the severity of the pandemic. -
Jan 1, 1369
Reccurance of the Plague
Cause: When the plague died out in 1348, everyone had hoped that it was gone for good and would never return. But to their distraut it returned in 1369. The plague reccured because of the hot temperatures and the plague sticking around in the air.
Effect: After the plague it caused the prices of agriculture to decrease and the wages increased, this meant that people gained better living conditions. -
Jan 1, 1453
Constantinople changes to Istanbul
Cause: The Ottoman Turks commanded by Sultan Mehemed the 2nd invaded and took of Constantinople. It was an unfair battle that Constantinople had no chance of winning. As the Ottomans had close to 200,000 soldiers and Constantinople only had approximately 12,000 soldiers to defend themselves.
Upon the battle Constantinople had no idea what to do and they got completely wiped out.
Effect: After the battle Constantinople was changed to Instanbul. This caused many Greek scholars to move to Italy. -
Jan 1, 1492
Christopher Colombus
Cause: Christopher Colombus was an Italian explorer who was born in 1492, he sailed across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492, hoping to find a route to India, so that spices could be brought and traded, he also made a total four voyages to the Caribbean and South America.
Effect: Becasue of Christopher spices could now be traded and bought from india, which was a big benefit. Also Colombus and his men found alot of local Taino Indians in South America ab=nd the Caribbean and sold them into slavery. -
Jun 28, 1575
Battle of Nagashino
Cause: The forces of Takeda Katsuyori clashed with the allied forces of Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu on the Shitaragahara plain near Nagashino Castle. The point of the battle was to control Japan but to do that one had to control the center capital city of Kyoto all forces tried to gain control of the capital.
Effect: Takeda made a name for himnself by taking over Japans capital Kyoto. -
Great plague of London
Cause:The Great plague of london was caused by the pandemic of the Black Death, after the pandemic broke out and spread across England.
Effect: The Plague killed between 75,000 and 100,000 of Londons swiftly increasing population of estimated 460,000. By september 1665, the death rate per week had reached 8,000 casualities per week. -
Commodore Matthew Perry arives in Japan
Cause: Matthew Perry was sent to Japan was to use it as a “coaling base”. Also the United States wanted to open Japan was to make sure shipwrecked sailors in Japan got good treatment. The final reason was for trade.
Effect: First of large amounts of foreign money was brought in which disrupted the country’s currency. The Shogun were unsuccessful trying to end the inflation of the foreign money being brought in. This led to the fall of the Tokugawa Shogunate. -
Khmer Empire
Cause: The cause of the Khmer Empire was to feed Jayavarman the II's greed of power and also so he could rule over Laos, Thailand and Southern Vietnam. Effect: The effect of the Khmer Empire was the establishment of Angkor, which is one of the largest urban settlements in the modern world it's population today exceeds 1 million people. -
The Vikings invasions on England
Cause: In the years 793 and onwards the Vikings of Norway, Sweeden and Nordic Tribes unleashed brutal raids on Northern Europe. Their raids were almost always on coastal villages. They tried to avoid venturing inland becuase they had the advantage of the ocean if they were to become threatened.
Effect: The towns that were raided by the vikings in most cases lost everything. The vikings would take anything that could be sold or traded.
