-
1476
Invention of the process of printing
introduced in England by William Caxton. It made such a revolution in languages in Europe. It increased communication and self-consciousness about language. The majority of them were in Latin -
1476
Printing press
Introduced by William Caxton -
1476
Printing press
Introduced into England about by William Caxton. The majority of them were in Latin -
1480
Printing press
Printing press, reading habit, advances of learning and science helped to spread ideas and to the growth of the vocabulary. -
1485
Literature
In this century Latin and Greek were present in poetry, oratory, philosophy and popular literature -
1490
Social level
As people lift themselves into a different economic intellectual or social level they started to adopt standards of grammar and pronunciation of the people with they have identified -
1500
Orthography and Vocabulary in the sixteenth century
The beginnings of public discussion are evident. Defense of English and debates about orthography and the enrichment of the vocabulary -
1500
Latin in discourse
Latin became less and less the vehicle for learned discourse, so they required new vocabulary -
1500
Later Middle Ages
A surprising number of people of the middle class could read and write. -
1500
Orthography and Vocabulary in the sixteenth century
The beginning of the public discussion are defense of English and debates about orthography and the enrichment of the vocabulary. -
1500
Modern languages' problems
*Recognition in the fields where Latin had been supreme.
*The establishment of a more uniform orthography.
*The enrichment of the vocabulary. -
Period: 1500 to
Literature
English tried to established position as the language of popular literature but a lot of people still sanctioned the use of Latin in all the fields of knowledge. -
Period: 1500 to
Literature 0.1
Poetry, oratory and philosophy tended to be written in Greek and Latin. -
Period: 1500 to
Translations
Thucydides and Xenophon had been Englished before Shakespeare started school, and Herodotus appeared before the dramatist had begun his career.
Saint Augustine, Boethius, Peter Martyr, Erasmus, Calvin, and Martin Luther were among those rendered into English -
Period: 1500 to
Grammar and Vocabulary
In modern times changes in grammar have been relatively slight and changes in vocabulary extensive. Of course printing press, reading habits, advances, all forms of communication and of learning and science helped to the growth of the vocabulary -
1531
The Governour
Sir Thomas Elyot, statesman as well as scholar, published what has been described as the first book on education printed in English. -
1534
The Doctrinal of Princes
made by the noble oratour Isocrates was translated from the Greek by Sir Thomas -
1534
The Doctrinal of Princes, made by the noble oratour Isocrates
was translated from the Greek by Sir Thomas Elyot -
1550
The problem of orthography
The trouble was not merely that English spelling was bad, for it is still bad today, but that there was no generally accepted system that everyone could conform to. In short, it was neither phonetic nor fixed. -
1559
Deffence et illustration de la Langue Francoyse
-
1560
Words that were borrowed from French
Muchas palabras que parecen ser tomadas directamente del francés, resulta que se tomaron directamente del Latin en ambas lenguas, entonces, se considera que se toman indirectamente del francés. -
1565
Caesar was translated by Arthur Golding
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1565
Caesar was translated by Arthur Golding
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1568
The Correct and Emended writing of the English Language
Thomas Smith published a Dialogue concerning about it -
1570
Orthographie
The next year another attempt at phonetic writing was made in a work by John Hart called An Orthographie, elaborated in the following year in A Method or Comfortable Beginning for All Unlearned, Whereby They May Bee Taught to Read English -
1579
Livy and Sallust and Tacitus
Before the close of century, one of the greatest translation of the age, Plutarch'l Live of the Noble Grecians and Romans by Sir Thomas North -
1579
Plutarch's Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans
in the version of Sir Thomas North, was published in 1579. -
Vocal changes in Modern English
*All Middle English long vowels underwent extensive alteration in passing into Modern English.
*The /u/ underwent was what is known as unrounding. -
Homer's translations
Various partial translations of Homer were printed before Chapman’s version began to appear -
Influential names in literature
Elyot and Ascham
Wilson Mulcaster -
Tittles in English
In England over 20,000 titles in English had appeared. They wanted to promote a standard, uniform language. -
Tittles in English
in England over 20,000 titles in English had appeared -
Media
Media (telephone, radio, movies, television and electronic data transmission) influenced in the intermingling of language. -
Social lever
as people lift themselves into a different economic or intellectual or social level, they are likely to make an effort to adopt the standards of grammar and pronunciation of the people with whom they have identified, -
Latin in discourse
Latin became less and less the vehicle for learned discourse -
Livy and Sallust and Tacitus
before the close of the century, and one of the great translations of the age. -
Reintroductions
Some words from Old English that were borrowed from Latin, reappeared but they changed in meaning. Ex. Intelligence, now it means elegancy -
an other important factor to language in modern times
All the world brought together through commerce, transportation. Also media (telephone, radio, movies, television and electronic data transmission) have been influential in the intermingling of language. -
an other important factor to language in modern times
Different parts of the have been brought together through commerce, transportation, and the rapid means of communication. -
English Spelling
The fixation of English spelling is associated in most people’s minds with the name of Dr. Johnson, and a statement in the preface of his dictionary. -
Adaptation
Some words retained their original form, others underwent change. The adaptation of others to English was effected by the simple process of cutting off the Latin ending.