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Period: 450 to Jan 1, 1066
OLD ENGLISH (450 - 1066)
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Jan 1, 800
BEOWULF
The first great work of Germanic literature, mixes the legends of Scandinavia with the English experience of the Angles and Saxons. -
Jan 1, 1066
THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS (1066)
The battle of Hastings, which leads to the Norman conquest of England. -
Jan 1, 1066
THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS (1066)
The battle of Hastings, which leads to the Norman conquest of England. -
Period: Jan 1, 1066 to Jan 1, 1500
ENGLISH MEDIUM (1066 - 1500)
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Jan 1, 1079
PIERRE ABELARD (1079 - 1142)
philosopher, theologian, poet and French monk, -
Jan 1, 1080
WILLIAM DE MALMESBURY (1080 - 1143)
English medieval historian of the twelfth century, who was born around 1080, in Wiltshire -
Jan 1, 1080
WILLIAM DE MALMESBURY (1080 - 1143)
English medieval historian of the twelfth century, who was born around 1080, in Wiltshire -
Jan 1, 1086
BOOK OF DOMESDAY COMPLETED (1086)
A record of the great research or study of the lands of England conducted by order of William the Conqueror in 1086. -
Jan 1, 1086
BOOK OF DOMESDAY COMPLETED (1086)
A record of the great research or study of the lands of England conducted by order of William the Conqueror in 1086. -
Jan 1, 1100
WACE (1100 - 1171)
Norman poet. (1100-after 1171) was born on the island of Jersey and died after 1170, was a Norman poet. He spent his youth in Caen and studied either in Chartres or in Paris. Towards the end of his life he was a canon in Bayeux. He is known for his three major works written for different saints. -
Jan 1, 1100
WACE (1100 - 1171)
Norman poet. (1100-after 1171) was born on the island of Jersey and died after 1170, was a Norman poet. He spent his youth in Caen and studied either in Chartres or in Paris. Towards the end of his life he was a canon in Bayeux. He is known for his three major works written for different saints. -
Jan 1, 1100
GEOFFREY OF MONMOUTH (1100 - 1155)
He was a clerical writer and one of the main characters in the development of the subject of Britain and responsible for the expansion and notoriety of the stories about King Arthur. -
Jan 1, 1128
ALAN OF LILLE (1128 - 1202)
Theologian and French poet -
Jan 1, 1128
ALAN OF LILLE (1128 - 1202)
Theologian and French poet -
Jan 1, 1150
GABRIEL HARVEY (1150)
English humanist scholar and rhetorician. -
Jan 1, 1155
GEOFFREY OF MONMOUTH (1100 - 1155)
He was a clerical writer and one of the main characters in the development of the subject of Britain and responsible for the expansion and notoriety of the stories about King Arthur. -
Jan 1, 1179
SNORRI STURLUSON (1179 - 1241)
Icelandic historian, author, poet, scholar and politician. -
Jan 1, 1179
SNORRI STURLUSON (1179 - 1241)
Icelandic historian, author, poet, scholar and politician. -
Jan 1, 1203
LAYAMON (1203)
Priest and poet. Writer of the Chronicle Brut, one of the longest poems in Middle English (more than 16,000 lines). -
Jan 1, 1203
LAYAMON (1203)
Priest and poet. Writer of the Chronicle Brut, one of the longest poems in Middle English (more than 16,000 lines). -
Jan 1, 1215
THE VULGATA CYCLE (1215 - 1230)
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Jan 1, 1215
REY JOHN SEALS MAGNA CARTA (1215)
The Magna Carta established for the first time the principle that everyone, including the king, was subject to the law. -
Jan 1, 1215
THE VULGATA CYCLE (1215 - 1230)
A group of Arthurian romances in French prose. -
Jan 1, 1215
REY JOHN SEALS MAGNA CARTA (1215)
The Magna Carta established for the first time the principle that everyone, including the king, was subject to the law. -
Jan 1, 1230
ANCRENE WISSE (PRINCIPLES C13TH) (1230)
Also known as the Ancrene Riwle. A treatise on the rules and duties of the monastic life. Written for three sisters by a chaplain in about 1230. -
Jan 1, 1230
ANCRENE WISSE (PRINCIPLES C13TH) (1230)
Also known as the Ancrene Riwle. A treatise on the rules and duties of the monastic life. Written for three sisters by a chaplain in about 1230. -
Jan 1, 1265
DANTE (1265 - 1321)
Italian poet, wrote The Divine Comedy -
Jan 1, 1291
CHRETIEN DE TROYES (FUNALES C12TH) (1291)
He was a poet of the court of Champagne. He is said to be the first novelist in France and, according to some, the father of the western novel -
Jan 1, 1291
CHRETIEN DE TROYES (FUNALES C12TH) (1291)
He was a poet of the court of Champagne. He is said to be the first novelist in France and, according to some, the father of the western novel -
Jan 1, 1292
MARIE DE FRANCE (AFTERNOON C12TH) (1292)
María de Francia was a poet born on the Isle of France who lived in England at the end of the 12th century. -
Jan 1, 1292
MARIE DE FRANCE (AFTERNOON C12TH) (1292)
María de Francia was a poet born on the Isle of France who lived in England at the end of the 12th century. -
Jan 1, 1304
PETRARCH (FRANCESCO PETRARCA) (1304 - 1374)
The Italian poet and humanist Francesco Petrarca, known in English as Petrarca. -
Jan 1, 1304
PETRARCH (FRANCESCO PETRARCA) (1304 - 1374)
The Italian poet and humanist Francesco Petrarca, known in English as Petrarca. -
Jan 1, 1313
GIOVANNI BOCCACCIO (1313 - 1375)
Giovanni Boccaccio was an Italian writer and humanist. He is one of the parents, together with Dante and Petrarca, of Italian literature. -
Jan 1, 1313
GIOVANNI BOCCACCIO (1313 - 1375)
Giovanni Boccaccio was an Italian writer and humanist. He is one of the parents, together with Dante and Petrarca, of Italian literature. -
Jan 1, 1325
JOHN GOWER (1325 - 1408)
Poet. Although Gower has been defined as a "moral" poet since Chaucer attributed that epithet, his verses are religious, as well as political, historical and moral. -
Jan 1, 1325
JOHN GOWER (1325 - 1408)
Poet. Although Gower has been defined as a "moral" poet since Chaucer attributed that epithet, his verses are religious, as well as political, historical and moral. -
Jan 1, 1332
WILLIAM LANGLAND (1332 - 1386)
William Langland is the supposed author of the first known work of Piers Plowman, whose translation into Spanish was Peter the Labrador. Born around 1332 in Ledbury -
Jan 1, 1332
WILLIAM LANGLAND (1332 - 1386)
William Langland is the supposed author of the first known work of Piers Plowman, whose translation into Spanish was Peter the Labrador. Born around 1332 in Ledbury -
Jan 1, 1343
GEOFFREY CHAUCER (1343 - 1400)
Geoffrey Chaucer was an English writer, philosopher, diplomat and poet, best known as the author of the Canterbury Tales. -
Jan 1, 1343
GEOFFREY CHAUCER (1343 - 1400)
Geoffrey Chaucer was an English writer, philosopher, diplomat and poet, best known as the author of the Canterbury Tales. -
Jan 1, 1343
JULIAN, OF NORWICH (1343 - 1416)
Juliana de Norwich is considered one of the greatest Christian mystical writers in England. -
Jan 1, 1347
THE BLACK PESTE (1347)
The black plague, bubonic plague or black death was a pandemic of plague that ravaged Europe during the fourteenth century and was transmitted by fleas carried by rats -
Jan 1, 1347
THE BLACK PESTE (1347)
The black plague, bubonic plague or black death was a pandemic of plague that ravaged Europe during the fourteenth century and was transmitted by fleas carried by rats -
Jan 1, 1370
THOMAS HOCCLEVE (1370 - 1450)
Thomas Hoccleve or Occleve was an English poet and employee who has been seen as a key figure in English literature of the fifteenth century. -
Jan 1, 1373
MARGERY KEMPE (BORN C.1373) (1373 - 1375)
Religious pilgrim, mystic and author of the oldest existing autobiography in the English language. -
Jan 1, 1378
THE CLOUD OF DISAGREEMENT (SECOND HALF OF THE 14TH CENTURY) (1378)
An anonymous work of Christian mysticism written in middle English in the second half of the fourteenth century. -
Jan 1, 1395
PEARL POET (1395)
"Poeta Pearl" or "Poeta Gawain" is the name by which the anonymous author of Perla is known, an alliterative poem written in middle English of the fourteenth century. -
Jan 1, 1415
SIR THOMAS MALORY (DIED 1471) (1415)
Thomas Malory CBE, was the author or compiler of Arturo's death. -
Jan 1, 1430
ROBERT HENRYSON (1430 - 1506)
One of the 'makars' or Scottish poets celebrated by William Dunbar. -
Jan 1, 1450
THOMAS HOCCLEVE (1370 - 1450)
Thomas Hoccleve or Occleve was an English poet and employee who has been seen as a key figure in English literature of the fifteenth century. -
Jan 1, 1454
GUTENBERG BIBLE (1454)
One of the 'makars' or Scottish poets celebrated by William Dunbar. -
Jan 1, 1454
GUTENBERG BIBLE (1454)
One of the 'makars' or Scottish poets celebrated by William Dunbar. -
Period: Jan 1, 1500 to
RENAISSANCE OF ENGLISH (1500 - 1660)
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Jan 1, 1509
JOHN CALVIN (1509 - 1564)
Theologian -
Jan 1, 1509
REIGN OF HENRY VIII (1509 - 1547)
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Jan 1, 1512
KATHERINE PARR (1512 - 1548)
Queen of England and Ireland, sixth consort of Henry VIII. Author of the first prose work in English published by a woman under her own name. -
Jan 1, 1514
ANDREAS VESALIUS (1514 - 1564)
Flemish / Dutch anatomist, doctor and author of De humani corporis fabrica (On the fabric of the human body). Founder of modern human anatomy. -
Jan 1, 1515
ROGER ASCHAM (1515 - 1568)
English humanist and writer. -
Jan 1, 1526
WILLIAM TYNDALE'S BIBLE THE FIRST PRINTED IN ENGLISH (1526)
Translated by William Tyndale (c. 1494-1536). Tyndale was the first to translate the New Testament into English from the Greek text. -
Jan 1, 1529
GEORGE PUTTENHAM (1529 - 1590)
English writer, poet and literary critic. -
Jan 1, 1530
GEORGE GASCOIGNE (1530 - 1577)
Poet of the English court. -
Jan 1, 1536
DISSOLUTION OF THE MONASTERIES (1536 - 1540)
Thomas Cromwell (1485-1540) served as chief minister to King Henry VIII of England from 1532 to 1540, and was a key figure in the English Reformation. -
Jan 1, 1545
THE COUNCIL OF THE TRENT AFFIRMS THE VULGADO AS OFFICIAL TRANSLATION OF THE LATINO (1545 - 1563)
The Vulgate, Latin translation of the fourth century Bible of St. Jerome, affirmed as official bible in Latin by the Catholic Church at the Council of Trent (1545-63). -
Jan 1, 1547
MIGUEL DE CERVANTES (1547)
Spanish novelist Author of Don Quixote (1605/1615). -
Jan 1, 1547
REIGN OF EDWARD VI (1547 - 1536)
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Jan 1, 1547
REIGN OF CATHERINE DE MÉDICIS, QUEEN OF FRANCE (1547 - 1589)
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Jan 1, 1549
HENRY PORTER (1549)
English playwright -
Jan 1, 1552
EDMUND SPENSER (1552)
Poet. Author of The Faerie Queene (1590 and 1596). -
Jan 1, 1552
SIR WALTER RALEIGH / SIMON FORMAN (1552)
SIR WALTER RALEIGH Writer, poet, courtier and explorer.
SIMON FORMAN Elizabethan astrologer, occultist and active herbalist in London during the reigns of Queen Elizabeth I and James I of England. -
Jan 1, 1553
REIGN OF LADY JANE GRAY (1553)
Disputed: July 10-19, 1553 -
Jan 1, 1553
REIGN OF MARY I (1553 - 1558)
1553-1558 Also known as "Bloody Mary," during their five-year reign, they burned more than 280 religious dissidents at the stake in the Marian persecutions. After his death in 1558, his reestablishment of Roman Catholicism was reversed by his half-sister and successor Elizabeth I. -
Jan 1, 1554
THOMAS WATSON (1554 - 1586)
English poet, courtier, scholar. Author of Astrophel and Stella, The Defense of Poetry and The Countess of the Arcadia of Pembroke. -
Jan 1, 1554
FULKE GREVILLE, BARON BROOKE (1554 - 1628)
Elizabethan poet, playwright and statesman. -
Jan 1, 1557
THOMAS WATSON (1557 - 1592)
An English lyric poet, who wrote both in Latin and in English. He was particularly known for his sonnets of 18 lines. -
Jan 1, 1558
REIGN OF ELIZABETH I (1558 - 1603)
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Jan 1, 1558
THOMAS KYD (1558 - 1594)
Playwright. Author of the Spanish tragedy. -
Jan 1, 1561
SIR FRANCIS BACON (1561 - 1626)
Lord chancellor of England between 1618 and 1621, statesman, philosopher, lawyer and author of essays. -
Jan 1, 1562
LOPE DE VEGA (1562 - 1635)
Playwright, poet and Spanish novelist. -
Jan 1, 1564
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE (1564 - 1616)
Poet and dramatist. -
Jan 1, 1564
CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE (1564 - 2012)
English playwright and poet. -
Jan 1, 1567
THOMAS CAMPION (1567 - 1620)
Composer, poet and English doctor. -
Jan 1, 1567
THOMAS NASHE (1567 - 1601)
Playwright, poet and satirist. -
Jan 1, 1568
RICHARD BURBAGE (1568 - 1619)
Theater actor in the Globe theater. -
Jan 1, 1569
JOHN DAVIES (1569 - 1626)
Elizabethan poet. -
Jan 1, 1572
THOMAS DEKKER (1572 - 1632)
Playwright and pamphleteer. -
Jan 1, 1572
JOHN DONNE (1572 - 1631)
English metaphysical poet and clergyman in the Church of England. -
Jan 1, 1572
BEN JONSON (1572 - 1637)
English playwright, poet, actor and literary critic. -
Jan 1, 1574
JOSEPH HALL / THOMAS HEYWOOD (1574 - 1656)
JOSEPH HALL - Bishop and English writer.
THOMAS HEYWOOD - English playwright -
Jan 1, 1575
GEORGE RUGGLE / JOHN MARSTON (1575)
GEORGE RUGGLE - Academic of English, university official, collector of books and playwright.
JOHN MARSTON - English poet, dramatist and satirist. -
Jan 1, 1576
HENRY PEACHAM (1576 - 1643)
Illustrator and author of The Compleat Gentleman. -
Jan 1, 1577
FRANCIS DRAKE CIRCUMNAVIGATES GLOBE (1577 - 1580)
Francis Drake leaves Plymouth to fight against the Spaniards on the Pacific coast of America, can not find his way back to the Atlantic and becomes the first Englishman to circumnavigate the world. -
Jan 1, 1577
ROBERT BURTON (1577 - 1640)
Scholar and author of The anatomy of melancholy. -
Jan 1, 1578
GEORGE FORTESCUE (1578 - 1659)
English essayist and poet. -
Jan 1, 1579
JOHN FLETCHER (1579 - 1625)
Jacobin playwright. -
Jan 1, 1580
JOHN WEBSTER (1580 - 1634)
Jacobean playwright. Author of The White Devil and The Duchess of Malfi. -
Jan 1, 1580
THOMAS MIDDLETON (1580 - 1627)
Playwright and Jacobin poet. Author of The Changeling, Women Beware Women, The Revenger's Tragedy and A Chaste Maid in Cheapside. -
Jan 1, 1582
MULCASTER'S ELEMENTARIE (1582)
First attempt of an English dictionary. The 'Elementarie' by Richard Mulcaster was written as a pedagogical guide, and was an attempt to make the English language and culture more respected and accessible. Robert Cawdrey's Table Alphabeticall, published for the first time in 1604, was the first English dictionary in only one language published. -
PHILIP MASSINGER (1584 - 1640)
Playwright -
WILLIAM DRUMMOND (1585 - 1649)
Scottish poet -
JOHN FORD (1586 - 1640)
Playwright and poet. Author of 'Tis Pity She's a Whore (1633). -
LADY MARY WROTH (1587 - 1652)
Poet -
RICHARD BROME (1590 - 1653)
Playwright -
FRANCIS QUARLES (1592 - 1644)
Poet. Author of the emblem book 'Emblemas' (1635). -
NICHOLAS FERRAR (1592 - 1637)
English scholar, courtier, businessman and man of religion. Responsible for publishing The Temple of George Herbert. -
GEORGE HERBERT (1593 - 1633)
Metaphysical poet, speaker and Anglican priest. -
THOMAS MAY -(1594 - 1650)
English playwright, poet, translator and scholar. -
JAMES SHIRLEY (1596 - 1666)
Playwright, poet and writer of masks and entertainments. -
THE FIRST THEATER GLOBO (1599 - 1613)
Built 1599. Destroyed by fire and rebuilt 1613. -
OLIVER CROMWELL (1599 - 1658)
English military leader and politician and later Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland. -
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE (1599 – 1601)
Written by William Shakespeare, between 1599 and 1601, Hamlet is widely recognized as one of the most powerful works in the history of English theater. -
ROBERT DEVEREUX, 2ND COUNT OF ESSEX EXECUTED BY ELIZABETH I FOR NOT REPRESSING THE IRISH REBELLION. (1601)
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REIGN OF JAMES I (1603 - 1625)
King of Scotland as James VI of July 24, 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I of the union of the Scottish and English crowns on March 24, 1603 until his death. -
GUY FAWKES TRIES TO PLACE THE PARLIAMENT (1605)
Fawkes was a member of a group of English provincial Catholics who planned the failed gunpowder plot of 1605. -
WILLIAM DAVENANT (1606 - 1668)
Poet and dramatist. -
JAMESTOWN FOUNDED (1607)
Jamestown, Virginia, was founded by Great Britain, the first permanent English settlement in the Americas. -
JOHN MILTON (1608 - 1674)
Poet and polemicist. Author of Paradise Lost (1667). -
THOMAS FULLER (1608 - 1661)
Ecclesiastic and English historian. -
SIR JOHN SUCKLING (1609 - 1642)
Poet -
BIBLE OF REY JUAN (1611)
King James publication or authorized version of the Bible. -
THOMAS KILLIGREW (1612 - 1683)
Playwright and theater manager. -
ANNE BRADSTREET (1612 - 1672)
Poet. He emigrated to Newtown (Cambridge), Massachusetts 1630. -
EDWARD WIGHTMAN (1612)
Last heretic to be burned in England. -
JEREMY TAYLOR (1613 - 1667)
English churchman and religious writer. -
RICHARD CRASHAW (1613 - 1648)
Metaphysical poet, Anglican clergyman and Catholic convert. -
MARRIAGE OF THE PRINCESS ISABEL WITH FEDERICO V, ELECTOR PALATINO (1613)
Frederick V, Count Palatine of the Rhine and elector of the Holy Roman Empire (1596-1632), married Elizabeth Stuart (the second daughter and eldest daughter of James VI and I, King of Scotland, England and Ireland). The marriage was part of a wider alliance that was concluded in the spring of 1612 between England and the Protestant Union, an association of German princes and free cities under the leadership of the Palatinate. -
JOSEPH BEAUMONT (1616 - 1699)
Cleric, academic and poet. -
THIRTY YEAR WAR (1618 - 1648)
A series of wars in central Europe; initially a war between Protestant and Catholic states in the fragmentation of the Holy Roman Empire, gradually became a more general conflict involving most of the great powers of Europe, and became less a matter of religion and a continuation of the rivalry between France and Hapsburg for European policy. -eminence. -
ANDREW MARVELL (1621 - 1678)
Metaphysical, satirical and political poet. -
THE COMPANY OF DUTCH WEST INDIA IS FOUNDED (1621)
An authorized company of Dutch merchants. In 1621, the Republic of the Seven United States granted him a charter for a commercial monopoly in the West Indies and was granted jurisdiction over the slave trade in the Atlantic, Brazil, the Caribbean and North America. The company became an instrument for Dutch colonization. of the Americas. -
FIRST ENGLISH DICTIONARY (1623)
Henry Cockeram, lexicographer, is known only as the author of The English Dictionarie, or, An interpreter of Hard English Words (1623). This was the third dictionary of English, and the first to carry the title of "dictionary", after A Table Alphabeticall (1604) by Robert Cawdrey and An English Expositor (1616) by John Bullokar. -
MARGARET CAVENDISH (DUQUESA DE NEWCASTLE-SOBRE-TYNE) (1623 - 1673)
Poet, playwright and writer of scientific and philosophical treatises, letters and biography. -
THOMAS MIDDLETON'S "A CHESS GAME" OPENS ON THE BALLOON (1624)
First 'long term' in English theatrical history (August 6-14). Satirical comedy -
REIGN OF CHARLES I (1625 - 1649)
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JOHN BUNYAN (1628 - 1688)
Puritan writer and preacher. Author of The Progress of the Pilgrim (1678). -
JOHN DRYDEN (1631 - 1700)
Poet, literary critic, translator and dramatist who was named first poet laureate of England in 1668. A dominant figure in the literature of the Restoration. -
JOHN LOCKE (1632 - 1704)
Philosopher and English doctor. -
SAMUEL PEPYS (1633 - 1703)
An administrator of the Navy of England and Member of Parliament who is most famous for his detailed private diary kept from 1660 to 1669. -
RUBENS PAINTS THE THREE GRACES (1638)
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APHRA BEHN (1640 - 1689)
He is a restorer playwright, poet, translator and writer. -
RENE MEDITATIONS DISCARD ON THE FIRST PHILOSOPHY PUBLISHED IN LATIN. (1641)
(subtitled that shows the existence of God and the immortality of the soul) is a philosophical treatise published for the first time in 1641 (in Latin). "Dubium sapientiae initium" - Doubt is the origin of wisdom. -
IRISH REBELLION (1641 - 1642)
The Irish Rebellion of 1641 (in Irish: Éirí Amach 1641) began as an attempted coup by the Irish Catholic nobility, who tried to take control of the English administration in Ireland to force concessions to Catholics living under the English domain. The coup failed and the rebellion became an ethnic conflict between native Irish Catholics on the one hand, and English and Scottish Protestant settlers on the other. -
THOMAS SHADWELL (1642 - 1692)
English playwright and poet. Named as Poet Laureate in 1689. Attacked in a simulated heroic poem by Dryden called Mac Flecknoe. -
THE PARLIAMENT CLOSES THE THEATERS (1642)
The Parliament ordered the theaters closed, which put an end to the English Renaissance theater. -
BRICK OF THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (1642 - 1651)
Conflicts between parliamentarians ("Roundheads") and Royalists ("Cavaliers") about the way of the government of England. The first (1642-46) and the second (1648-49) confronted supporters of King Charles I against supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third (1649-51) saw clashes between King Charles II and Parliament Rump. . The war ended with the parliamentary victory at the Battle of Worcester on September 3, 1651. -
SIR ISAAC NEWTON (1643 - 1727)
English physicist and mathematician, considered one of the most influential scientists of all time and a key figure in the scientific revolution. -
MING DYNASTY ENDS IN CHINA (1644)
The Ming dynasty was the ruling dynasty of China for 276 years (1368-1644) after the collapse of the Yuan dynasty led by the Mongols. -
ANNA HUME (FL.1644) (1644)
Scottish poet, translator and editor. Birth and death dates unknown. -
FOUNDED LEVEL MOVEMENT (1645 - 1649)
Founded by John Liburne, the Levelers were a political movement during the English Civil War (1642-1651) that emphasized popular sovereignty, extended suffrage, equality before the law and religious tolerance, all of which was expressed in the manifesto. " Agreement of the Peoples ". -
CHARLES I DECAPITATED (1649)
Chales was tried, convicted and executed for high treason. -
ENGLAND DECLARED A COMMONWEALTH (1649)
The Commonwealth was the period from 1649 onwards, when England and Wales, later along with Ireland and Scotland, were ruled as a republic after the end of the Second English Civil War and the trial and execution of Charles I. -
INTERREGNUM (1649 - 1660)
The Interregno was the period between the execution of Carlos I on January 30, 1649 and the arrival of his son Carlos II in London on May 29, 1660, which marked the beginning of the Restoration. -
FIRST ANGLO-NETHERLANDS WAR (1652 - 1654)
The First Anglo-Dutch War (1652-54) was a conflict that was fought completely at sea between the navies of the Commonwealth of England and the United Provinces of the Netherlands. Caused by disputes over trade, it led to the British Navy taking control of the seas around England, forcing the Dutch to accept an English monopoly on trade with England and its colonies. -
JANE BARKER (1652 - 1732)
Novelist and poet. -
THE FIRST COFFEE HOUSE OPENS IN LONDON (1652)
Pasqua Rosée opened the first coffee shop in London at St. Michael's Alley, Cornhill. Joins Christopher Bowman after the resistance of some owners of the beer house. -
OLIVER CROMWELL APPOINTED MR. PROTECTOR (1653 - 1658)
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Period: to
PURITANO (1653 - 1660)
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PATENTS ARE GRANTED FOR THE OPENING OF THEATRICS IN LONDON (1660)
A license to perform spoken drama, instead of comedy, pantomime and melodrama. -
THE NEOCLASSIC PERIOD (1660 - 1785)
Neoclassicism is the name given to Western movements in the decorative and visual arts, literature, theater, music and architecture that are inspired by the "classical" art and culture of Ancient Greece or Ancient Rome. -
REIGN OF CHARLES II (1660 - 1685)
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Period: to
AGE OF RESTORATION (1660 - 1700)
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SAMUEL GARTH (1661 - 1719)
Doctor and poet. Author of the heroic mock poem: 'The Dispensary' (1699). -
THE REAL SOCIETY RECEIVES ITS REAL LETTER (1662)
This allowed him to publish. The Royal Society was founded by Christopher Wren, Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, Sir Robert Moray and William, Viscount Brouncker. -
JAMES GREGORY INVENTS THE FIRST PRACTICAL DESIGN FOR THE TELESCOPE OF REFLECTION. (1663)
The Gregorian telescope is a type of reflecting telescope designed by Scottish mathematician and astronomer James Gregory, and first built in 1673 by Robert Hooke. James Gregory was a contemporary of Isaac Newton. Gregory's design was published in 1663 and is prior to the first practical reflector telescope, the Newtonian telescope, built by Sir Isaac Newton in 1668. -
MATTHEW PRIOR (1664 - 1721)
Poet and diplomat. -
THE GREAT PLAGUE OF LONDON (1665 - 1666)
The Great Plague, which lasted from 1665 to 1666, was the last great epidemic of the bubonic plague that occurred in England. -
MARY ASTELL (1666 - 1731)
Philosopher and promoter of women's education. -
GEORGE GRANVILLE (1666)
English poet, dramatist and politician who served as private counselor since 1712. -
THE GREAT FIRE OF LONDON (1666)
The fire destroys the Cathedral of San Pablo, many churches of the city and the nightclubs. -
SUSANNA CENTLIVRE (1667 - 1723)
Also known as Susanna Carroll. Poet, actress and playwright. -
JONATHAN SWIFT (1667 - 1745)
Satirical, essayist, political pamphleteer, poet and clergyman. Author of A Tale of a Tub (1704), Argument Against Abolishing Christianity (1712), Gulliver's Travels (1726) and A Modest Proposal (1729). -
WILLIAM CONGREVE (1670 - 1729)
Playwright and poet -
AOGÁN Ó RATHAILLE (1670 - 1726)
Aodhagan Ó Rathaille was a Gaelic poet who was credited with the creation of the first fully developed Aisling (poem of vision). -
PUBLICATION OF THOMAS SHADWELL IS THE VIRTUOUS (1676)
The "Dedication" of The Virtuoso, a Restoration comedy produced for the first time in the Dorset Garden Theater in 1676, "implicitly attacked Dryden", which caused him to write in a new form, the lampoon verse. -
PUBLICATION OF THOMAS SHADWELL IS THE VIRTUOUS (1676)
The "Dedication" of The Virtuoso, a Restoration comedy produced for the first time in the Dorset Garden Theater in 1676, "implicitly attacked Dryden", which caused him to write in a new form, the lampoon verse. -
THOMAS PARNELL (1679 - 1718)
Poet. Member of the Scriblerus Club, along with Pope, Jonathan Swift, John Gay and John Arbuthnot. -
THE EXCLUSION CRISIS (1679 - 1681)
The crisis of exclusion was a political episode that developed from 1679 to 1681, in the reign of Carlos II (1630-1685). Charles's brother and heir, James, Duke of York (1633-1701) had converted to Roman Catholicism. In a climate intensely hostile to Catholicism, the prospect of a Catholic succession to the throne was unpopular. -
REIGN OF JOHN II AND VII KING OF ENGLAND, SCOTLAND AND IRELAND (1685 - 1688)
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ALEXANDER POPE (1688 - 1744)
Poet. Author of An Essay on Criticism (1711), The Rape of the Lock (1712) and Essay on Man (1732-1734). -
THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION (1688 - 1689)
The Glorious Revolution was the overthrow of James II by William of Orange and the English parliamentarians. -
REIGN OF MARY II AND WILLIAM III (1689 - 1702)
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LADY MARY WORTLEY MONTAGU (1689 - 1762)
Aristocrat, writer of letters and poet. -
JOHN BYROM (1681 - 1763)
Poet and hymn writer. -
CHARLOTTE LENNOX (1693)
Poet and Scottish author. -
ELIZA HAYWOOD (1693 - 1756)
Writer, actress and editor. -
THE BANK OF ENGLAND IS CASTED (1694)
The central bank, devised by Charles Montagu, first Earl of Halifax, in 1694, when public funds were scarce, and the government credit of William III was too low to borrow the £ 1,200,000 needed to finance the nine-year war in course with France. To induce the loan, Montagu proposed that the subscribers be incorporated as Governor and Company of the Bank of England with long-term bank privileges, including the issuance of notes. -
VOLTAIRE (1694 - 1778)
François-Marie Arouet, known for his plume name Voltaire, was a French illustrated writer, historian and philosopher famous for his wit, his attacks on the established Catholic Church and his defense of freedom of religion, freedom of expression and separation . of church and state. -
THE AGUSTINIAN PERIOD (1700 . 1745)
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Period: to
18TH CENTURY (1700 - 1798)
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REIGN OF THE QUEEN ANNE (1702 - 1714)
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JOHN WESLEY (1703 - 1791)
Founder of the religious movement known as Methodism. Brother of Charles Wesley. -
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1706 - 1790)
Natural philosopher, writer, revolutionary politician and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America. -
CHARLES WESLEY (1707 - 1788)
Hymn writer and founder of Methodism. -
SAMUEL JOHNSON (1709 - 1784)
E 44 JOH. Poet, essayist, moralist, literary critic, biographer, editor and lexicographer. -
THE SPECTATOR (1711)
A daily newspaper led by Steele and Addison. -
DAVID HUME (1711 - 1776)
Essayist, philosopher, Scottish historian -
JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU (1712 - 1778)
Philosopher, writer and composer of Geneva. -
LAST WITCHES IN ENGLAND (1712)
Jane Wenham condemned a witch, but was not executed. -
LAURENCE STERNE (1713 - 1768)
Novelist. The life and opinions of Tristram Shandy, knight (1759) A sentimental journey through France and Italy (1768) -
DENIS DIDEROT (1713 - 1784)
French philosopher, art critic and writer. -
REIGN OF GEORGE I (1714 - 1727)
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THE LIGHTING (1715 - 1800)
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THOMAS GRAY (1716 - 1771)
English poet, letter writer, classical scholar and professor at Pembroke College, Cambridge. -
HORACE WALPOLE (1717 - 1797)
Novelist, letter writer, essayist, dramatist, member of Parliament, architect and art historian. The castle of Otranto (1764). -
BARTHOLOMEW FAIR (1720)
Held in London in September for 4 days. -
CHRISTOPHER SMART (1722 - 1771)
Poet -
IMMANUEL KANT (1724 - 1804)
German philosopher. -
REIGN OF GEORGE II (1727 - 1760)
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THOMAS WARTON (1728 - 1790)
Warton was an English literary historian, critic and poet. From 1785 to 1790 he was the poet laureate of England. Thomas Warton is sometimes called the youngest to distinguish him from his father, Thomas Warton, the eldest. -
CAPTAIN JAMES COOK (1728 - 1779)
British explorer, navigator, cartographer and captain of the Royal Navy. Trips to Newfoundland, Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific. -
JOHN DUNCOMBE (1729 - 1786)
Church of England, clergyman and writer. -
OLIVER GOLDSMITH (1730 - 1774)
Irish novelist, playwright and poet. Author of The Vicar of Wakefield (1766). -
WILLIAM COWPER (1731 - 1800)
Lyric and pastoral poet. -
THOMAS PAINE (1737 - 1809)
English-American political activist, pamphleteer, author, political theorist and revolutionary. -
THE OENGE OF THE WAR OF JENKINS (1739 - 1748)
A conflict between Great Britain and Spain that lasted from 1739 to 1748. -
ANNA LAETITIA BARBAULD (1743 - 1825)
Poet, essayist, literary critic, editor and children's author. -
WILLIAM HAYLEY (1745 - 1820)
Poet and biographer. -
JACOBITE DEPARTURES (1745)
A series of uprisings, rebellions and wars in Britain and Ireland occurred between 1688 and 1746. -
ISAAC WATTS (1674 - 1748)
English non-conformist minister, hymn minister, theologian and logician. -
THE SECOND WAR CARNATICA (1748 - 1754)
War between the British, the French, the Marathas and Mysore in India, which led the British East India Company to establish its dominance in India. -
FRANCES BURNEY (1752 - 1840)
Satirical novelist, diarist and dramatist. -
JOHNSON'S DICTIONARY PUBLISHED (1755)
Published the "Dictionary of the English language" by Samuel Johnson. -
WILLIAM BLAKE (1757 - 1827)
Poet and artist -
MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT (1759 - 1797)
Writer, philosopher and defender of the rights of English women. -
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (1760 - 1850)
From its small beginnings in the mid-eighteenth century, the cotton industry grew to become the largest in Britain, accounting for 8% of GDP in 1830 and 16% of British manufacturing jobs. -
REIGN OF GEORGE III (1760 - 1820)
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JOANNA BAILLIE (1762 - 1851)
Poet and Scottish dramatist. -
WILLIAM COBBETT (1763 - 1835)
Pamphleteer, farmer and journalist. -
LITERARY CLUB (ALSO KNOWN AS THE CLUB) (1763)
Literary club founded by Dr. Johnson, among its members is Burke & Goldsmith. -
FIRST PATENT FOR THE STEAM POWER METHOD OF JAMES WATT (1769)
The first James Watt patent was obtained for "A new method to reduce the consumption of steam and fuel in fire trucks" (No. 913). This method would significantly improve the steam power. -
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH (1770 - 1850)
Poet -
DOROTHY WORDSWORTH (1771 - 1855)
Diarist and poet. -
SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE (1772 - 1834)
Poet, critic, theologian, journalist and philosopher. -
NITROGEN AND OXYGEN DISCOVERED (1772)
Rutherford discovers nitrogen (1772) and Priestley, Oxygen (1774). -
ROBERT SOUTHEY (1774 - 1843)
Poet, historian and social commentator. -
JANE AUSTEN (1775 - 1817)
Novelist -
WAR OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (1775 - 1783)
An armed conflict between Great Britain and thirteen of its North American colonies. -
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE (1776)
Declaration of American independence of Jefferson led by Congress. -
WILLIAM HAZLITT (1778 - 1830)
Writer, critic, social commentator and English essayist. -
DAVID HUME'S DIALOGUES OF NATURAL RELIGION PUBLISHED (1779)
Posthumously published by Hume's nephew. A discussion between three fictional characters about the nature of God. -
ANNA WHEELER (1780 - 1848)
Writer, philosopher and defender of the political rights of women and the benefits of contraception. Published 'The rights of women' in 1830. -
BLANCHARD & JEFFRIES CROSS THE ENGLISH CHANNEL IN A BALLOON (1785)
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HENRY KIRKE WHITE (1785 - 1806)
Poet -
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES SIGNED (1787)
The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the United States of America and delineates the national framework of government. -
BYRON, GEORGE GORDON BYRON (1788 - 1824)
Poet -
STORM OF THE BASTILLA (1789)
Flash in the French Revolution, the Bastille, a political prison of the state, attacked by a mob. -
THE FOUNDED OBSERVER NEWSPAPER (1791)
The oldest national Sunday newspaper in Britain. -
THE RIGHTS OF THE THOMAS PAINE MAN. (1791)
The defense of Thomas Paine de 'Liberté, Égalité, fraternité', published 2 years after the French Revolution. -
FALL OF THE FRENCH MONARCHY (1792)
Louis XVI guillotined on January 21, 1793. -
FRANCO-AUSTRIAN WAR (1792)
Second Italian independence war. France declares war on Austria and Prussia. -
PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY (1792-1822)
Romantic poet -
JOHN CLARE (1793 - 1864)
Poet -
WILLIAM BLAKE EXPERIENCE SONGS PUBLISHED (1794)
They published 26 poems that form the second part of Blake's Songs of Innocence and Experience. -
JOHN KEATS (1795 - 1821)
English romantic poet. -
VACCINATION EDWARD JENNER AGAINST SMALLPOX. (1796)
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JOSEPH HAYDN COMPOSES THE CREATION (1797)
Austrian classical composer. Creation is an oratory that represents the biblical story of the creation of the world. -
THE PRELUDE BEGINS (1798)
The Prelude or Growth of the Mind of a Poet; An autobiographical poem is an autobiographical poem in blank verse by the English poet William Wordsworth. -
ROMANTIC PERIOD (1798 - 1870)
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Period: to
ROMANTICISM (1798 - 1837)
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ACT OF UNION OF ENGLAND AND IRELAND (1800)
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LIBRARY OF THE CONGRESS ESTABLISHED IN WASHINGTON (1800)
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ELGIN MELILLES BROUGHT FROM ATHENS TO LONDON (1801)
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THE BRITISH POPULATION TAKES 10.4 MILLION (1801)
First exact census shows the population of Gt. Great Britain 10.4 million, Ireland 5.2 million and London 864,000. -
WINTHROP MACKWORTH PRAED (1802 - 1939)
Poet and politician. -
LYTTON, EDWARD BULWER LYTTON, BARON (1803 - 1873)
Novelist, playwright and statesman. -
CHARLES DICKENS (1812)
Charles Dickens is born, famous for creating some of the most famous fictional characters in the world and is considered by many to be the best novelist of the Victorian era. -
OLIVER TWIST (1837 - 39)
Oliver Twist is written by Charles Dickens. This is his second novel, and it was first published as a series in 1837-39. -
Period: to
VICTORIAN (1837 - 1901)
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JOSEPH CONRAD (1857 - 1924)
Novelist and story writer. -
LEWIS CARROLL (CHARLES LUTWIDGE DODGSON) (1865)
The Adventures of Alice in Wonderland (commonly shortened to Alice in Wonderland) is an 1865 novel written by English author Charles Lutwidge Dodgson under the pseudonym Lewis Carroll. -
NATURALISM (1870 - 1920)
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GERMAN UNIFICATION (1871)
Germany unified into a politically and administratively integrated nation state. -
WILLA CATHER (1873 - 1947)
American novelist and story writer. -
FORD MADOX FORD (1873 - 1939)
English novelist, poet, critic and editor of The English Review and The Transatlantic Review. -
ALEISTER CROWLEY (1875 - 1947)
Occultist, poet and novelist. -
E.M. FORSTER (1879 - 1970)
Novelist -
VIRGINIA WOOLF (1882 - 1941)
Novelist -
JAMES JOYCE (1882 - 1941)
Irish novelist, poet and story writer. -
FIRST FASCICLE OF THE PUBLISHED OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY (1884)
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HUGH WALPOLE (1884 - 1941)
Novelist. (Not to be confused with Horace Walpole). -
JAMES ELROY FLECKER (1884 - 1915)
English poet and dramatist. -
D.H. LAWRENCE (1885 - 1930)
English novelist, poet and story writer. -
SIEGFRIED SASSOON (1886 - 1967)
First British poet and memoir of the world war. -
RONALD FIRBANK (1886 - 1926)
British novelist -
RUPERT BROOKE (1887 - 1915)
English poet Known for the sonnets written during the First World War. -
KATHERINE MANSFIELD (1888 - 1923)
Story writer from New Zealand. -
J.B. PRIESTLEY (1894 - 1984)
English novelist, playwright, scriptwriter, social commentator and broadcaster. -
F. R. LEAVIS (1895 - 1978)
Literary critic. -
C.S. LEWIS (1898 - 1963)
Novelist and professor of literature. -
VLADIMIR NABOKOV (1899 - 1977)
Russian novelist -
MODERN LITERATURE (1901 - 1940)
Novelist and philosopher, he studied at Newnham College. -
Period: to
MODERN LITERATURE (1901 - 1940)
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SEAMUS HEANEY (1939 - 2013)
Irish poet, playwright and translator. -
Period: to
POST MODERN (1940 - 2000)
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SALMAN RUSHDIE (1947)
Novelist born in India. -
DOUGLAS ADAMS (1952 - 2001)
British writer of science fiction and dramatist. -
MARTIN CRIMP (1956)
Playwright. -
BLOOD SUNDAY OF NORTHERN IRELAND (1972)
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ZADIE SMITH (1975)
Novelist, he studied at King's College. -
Period: to
COMTEMPORANEA (2000 - 2016)
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THE TERRORIST ATTACKS OF 9/11 (2001)
On September 11, 2001, terrorists hijacked four planes and deliberately launched them at targets in the United States of America. These acts of terrorism killed almost 3,000 people and provoked the ensuing conflict in Afghanistan. -
MI KHALVATI, GHAZAL: AFTER HAFEZ (2002)
Hafez was a Persian lyric poet who lived in the fourteenth century, and his Ghazal have a similar place in Arab and Iranian culture to that of Shakespeare's sonnets in British culture. -
CLAUDIA RANKINE WILL NOT LET ME BE ALONE (2004)
Written in the American lyric form of Rankine. A combination of poetry, lyrical essay, photography and visual art. -
FIRST READER OF ELECTRONIC BOOKS KINDLE LAUNCHED (2007)
The first version of Amazon Kindle electronic reader is launched. -
GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS (2008)
As of 2007, with a crisis in the US subprime mortgage market. UU., The crisis turned into an international banking crisis with the collapse of the Lehman Brothers investment bank on September 15, 2008. The crisis was followed by a global economic recession, the Great Recession. and the European debt crisis. -
SARAH HOWE'S LOOP OF JADE WINS THE 2015 TS ELIOT AWARD (2016)
Loop of Jade, Sarah Howe's debut collection, wins the TS Eliot Award. -
UNITED KINGDOM REFERENDUM OF MEMBERSHIP OF THE EUROPEAN UNION (2016)
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BOB DYLAN RECEIVES THE 2016 NOBEL PRIZE FOR LITERATURE (2016)
The Nobel Prize for Literature 2016 was awarded to Bob Dylan "for creating new poetic expressions within the great tradition of American song."
