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Great Depression
The Great Depression was caused by the Stock market Crash of 1929-plunge in stock market prices that marked the beginning of the great depression. The Great depression was the serious and worldwide economic decline of the 1930’s. It was the worst economic crisis of US history- Europe went into depression too. It occured in the 1930s. Millions of people starved little jobs and homeless, and the Dust Bowl happened and FRD made social security. -
Japan invades China
Japan conquers Manchuria in northern China-1931. Start of war for Japan and China. -
Japan conquers Manchuria in northern China
Japan conquers Manchuria in northern China between 18 September 1931 to 27 February 1932. The conquering took 5 months, 1 week and 1 day. It took place at Manchuria, Republic of China, and resulted in a Japanese victory; Tanggu Truce. -
Roosevelt first elected president
FDR was the 32 persident and was elected President in November 1932, to the first of four terms and was re-elected by a top-heavy margin in 1936. -
Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany
Adolf Hitler led the fascist National Socialist German worker’s Party, or Nazi Party. The Nazis attracted supporters by preaching German racial superiority. After elections in 1932, Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany. He then overthrew the constitution and took control over the goverment -
Nuremberg Laws
The Nuremberg Race Laws of 1935 deprived German Jews of their rights of citizenship, giving them the status of "subjects" in Hitler's plan. -
Hitler & Mussolini form the Rome-Berlin Axis
In the dictators in Europe and Japan seized territory and threatened democratic governments. Also In 1936, Hitler and Mussolini solini formed an alliance called the Roman-berlin Axis, which became known as the Axis -
Germany invades Austria
On March 12, 1938, German troops invaded Austria. Hitler was received with great enthusiasm by the Austrian people, and he immediately announced that Austria had become part of the German Reich. The laws of Germany, including its anti-Semitic acts, were swiftly applied in Austria. -
Kristallnacht
On November 9, 1938 mob violence broke out as the regular German police stood by and crowds of spectators watched. Nazi storm troopers along with members of the SS and Hitler Youth beat and murdered Jews, broke into and wrecked Jewish homes, and brutalized Jewish women and children.
This happened all over Germany, Austria and other Nazi controlled areas.o About 25,000 Jewish men were rounded up and later sent to concentration camps where they were often brutalized by SS guards. (some killed) -
Britain’s appeasement of Germany
Britain and France warned that an attack on Poland would mean war, after Germany . -
German air force (Luftwaffe) bombs London and other civilian targets in the Battle of Britain
The Luftwaffe The pride of Nazi Germany under its bombastic leader Hermann Goering, it learned new combat techniques in the Spanish Civil War and appealed to Hitler as the decisive strategic weapon he needed. Its high technology and rapid growth led to exaggerated fears in the 1930s that cowed the British and French into appeasement. In the World War II the Luftwaffe performed well in 1939-41, but was poorly coordinated with overall German strategy. -
Germany & Soviet Union have a nonaggression pact
On August 23, 1939, representatives from Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union met and signed the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, which guaranteed that the two countries would not attack each other. By signing this pact, Germany had protected itself from having to fight a two-front war in the soon-to-begin World War II; the Soviet Union was awarded land, including parts of Poland and the Baltic States. The pact was broken when Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union less than two years later. -
Germany invades Poland
The German-Polish Crisis began in March, when the German government demanded that Danzig be turned over to Germany. In addition, the Germans demanded the right to construct an extra-territorial railroad across the corridor. The Poles refused, and the French and British pledged to aid the Poles. After the signing of the Non-Aggression Pact, all attempts at negotiations failed and the Germans and Poles mobilized for war. The British and the French did the same, defend Poland. -
Lend-Lease Act
United States assumed a neutral stance. (in beganing) As Nazi Germany began winning a long string of victories in Europe, the administration of President Franklin Roosevelt began seeking ways to aid Great Britain while remaining free of the conflict. Initially constrained by the Neutrality Acts which limited arms sales to "cash and carry" purchases by belligerents, Roosevelt declared large amounts of US weapons and ammunition and authorized shipement to Britain in 1940. -
Japan joins the Axis Powers
Japan joined the Axis in 1940 -
Tuskegee Airmen
Before 1940, African Americans were barred from flying for the U.S. military. Civil rights organizations and the black press exerted pressure that resulted in the formation of an all-African-American pursuit squadron based in Tuskegee, Alabama, in 1941. They became known as the Tuskegee Airmen. One million African Americans severed in the War. -
Germany invades Denmark, Norway, Belgium, and France (Vichy France)
o On June 14, 1940 – Nazis went into Paris
o On June 17, 1940 – France surrendered.
o April 9, 1940 – Nazis invaded Denmark and Norway.
o May 10, 1940 – Nazis invaded France and Belgium. -
Manhattan Project
The Manhattan Project was the project undertaken during WW2 by the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada to develop the first nuclear weapon (atomic bomb). Formally designated as the Manhattan Engineering District, Manhattan Project refers specifically to the period of the project from 1941-1946 under the control of the United States Army Corps of Engineers. The project's roots lay in Allied scientists' fears from the 1930s that Nazi Germany might be developing nuclear weapons of its own. -
Germany invades the Soviet Union
Under the codename Operation "Barbarossa," Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, in the largest German military operation of World War II. Happened on June 22nd, 1941. -
Pearl Harbor
On December 7, 1941, US the naval base, Pearl Harbor, was attacked by 183 Japanese warplanes which swooped out of a cloudless sky and demolished the US Pacific fleet docked at Pearl Harbor. This dragged the US in WW2. -
The Nazis implement the “Final Solution”
The genocide, or mass destruction, of the Jews was the culmination of a decade of increasingly severe discriminatory measures.
Under the rule of Adolf Hitler, the persecution and segregation of Jews was implemented in stages. After the Nazi party achieved power in Germany in 1933, its state-sponsored racism led to anti-Jewish legislation -
Rosie the Riveter
Working was not new to women. Women have always worked, especially minority and lower-class women. However, the cultural division of labor by sex ideally placed white middle-class women in the home and men in the workforce. Also, because of high unemployment during the Depression, most people were against women working because they saw it as women taking jobs from unemployed men.The start of World War II tested these ideas. The government decided to launch a propaganda campaign to sell the war. -
Japanese-American incarceration
On February 19, 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882–1945) signed Executive Order 9066, which authorized military commanders to designate military areas from which any person could be excluded. Congress supported the executive order by authorizing a prison term and fine for a civilian convicted of violating the military order. General John L. DeWitt (1880–1962), Western Defense Command, then issued over one hundred military orders that only applied to civilians of Japanese ancestry. -
Bataan Death March
The Bataan* Death March began as a plea for life. Men were tired, weak, and lacking food. The 70-mile march from Mariveles (on the tip of Bataan) to San Fernando was a trial that tested a man, broke him, or got him killed. The famished men who made the exhausting march in World War II would never be forgotten. On April 9, 1942, American and Filipino troops on the Bataan Peninsula on West Luzon Island in the Philippines decided that they would not survive much longer in their fight against Jap. -
Battle of Midway
In May 1942, Japan sought to draw the US Pacific Fleet into a battle where he could overwhelm and destroy it. To accomplish this he planned an invasion of Midway Island which would provide a base for attacking Hawaii. Using decrypted Japanese radio intercepts, Admiral Chester Nimitz was able to counter this offensive. On June 4, 1942, US aircraft flying from US ships attacked and sunk four Japanese carriers, forcing Japan to to withdrawal. The Battle of Midway marked the turning point of WW2, -
Guadalcanal
The Battle of Guadalcanal took place in 1942 when the US Marines landed on August 7th. The landing at Guadalcanal was unopposed - but it took the Americans six months to defeat the Japanese in what was to turn into a classic battle of attrition. -
British forces stop the German advance at El Alamein
The fighting at Second El Alamein raged from October 23, 1942 until November 5, 1942. Axis forces eventually surrendered in North Africa in May 1943 -
German forces surrender at Stalingrad
On Fe. 2, 1943,the Germans attack on Stalingrad began on 19 August 1942. Stalingrad was a strategically important city in their campaign to occupy the south of Russia and take control of the Caucasus oilfields. It was also of symbolic importance as the city named after the Russian leader, Joseph Stalin. The Red Army fought from inside the city, forcing the German soldiers into intense, house-to-house urban warfare under heavy shellfire from the German army and its allies surrounding the city. -
Allied invasion of Nazi-occupied Europe that began on D-Day
Allied invasion of Nazi-occupied Europe that began on D-Day -- June 6, 1944 -- on the beaches of Normandy, France. June 1944 was a major turning point of World War II, particularly in Europe. Although the initiative had been seized from the Germans some months before, so far the western Allies had been unable to mass sufficient men and material to risk an attack in northern Europe. -
Battle of the Bulge
Early on the misty winter morning of 16 December 1944, over 200,000 German troops and nearly 1,000 tanks launched Adolf Hitler's last bid to reverse the ebb in his fortunes that had begun when Allied troops landed in France on D-day. Seeking to drive to the English Channel coast and split the Allied armies as they had done in May 1940, the Germans struck in the Ardennes Forest, a seventy-five-mile stretch of the front characterized by dense woods and few roads, held by four inexperienced and b -
Yalta Conference
The Yalta Conference of February 1945 took place in the Crimea. Yalta is an ancient city on the shores of the Black Sea. This war conference is where the Big Three, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin issued the Yalta Agreement, their "Declaration on Liberated Europe." The conference at Yalta attempted to deal with the fate of postwar Europe, like the borders of Poland where the war began six years before, and the fate of Japan, whose ongoing tenacity kept America in war. -
Okinawa
The invasion of Iwo Jima on 19 February 1945 (secured in March) breached the Japanese inner defensive perimeter. To keep up the momentum, the Allies planned to move even closer to the Japanese home islands to capture Okinawa, only 360 miles from Japan and considered part of the Japanese homeland. The Japanese had extensively fortified the island during 1944 and committed 120,000 troops of Japan's 32nd Army to defend it. The Japanese were determined to repel the invasion and they assembled hund -
Iwo Jima
The Battle of Iwo Jima (February 19, 1945 – March 26, 1945) was the United States capture of the island of Iwo Jima from Japan, producing some of the fiercest fighting in the Pacific Campaign of World War II. -
Roosevelt dies, Truman becomes president
FDR death-April 12, 1945 (1941-1945 - time as president) Truman becomes president (1945 - time as president) -
Allied forces advance on Berlin, Germany surrenders
o In mid-April 1945, Soviet forces launched a massive offensive toward Berlin. On April 25, 1945, Soviet forces linked up with American forces attacking from the west at Torgau, on the Elbe River, in central Germany. As Soviet forces neared his command bunker in central Berlin on April 30, 1945, Adolf Hitler committed suicide. Berlin surrendered to Soviet forces on May 2, 1945. The German armed forces surrender unconditionally in the west on May 7 and in the east on May 9, 1945. v-e Day May 8th. -
Formation of the United Nations
-April 25, 1945-50 nations met in San Francisco to discuss a new peacekeeping organization to replace the weak and in effective League of Nations
-June 26, 1945-all 50 nations ratified the charter, creating a new international peacekeeping body known as the United Nations
-Unlike the League of Nations, the US is a member of the United Nations -
Potsdam Conference
-July 17-August 2, 1945
-allies held the Potsdam Conference to plan the war's end
-decision was made to put Nazi war criminals on trial
-big three meet US, Soviet Union, and Britain -
Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima & Nagasaki
On August 6, 1945, the United States used a massive, atomic weapon against Hiroshima, Japan. This atomic bomb, the equivalent of 20,000 tons of TNT, flattened the city, killing tens of thousands of civilians. While Japan was still trying to comprehend this devastation three days later, the United States struck again, this time, on Nagasaki. -
Japanese officials sign an official letter of surrender on the U.S.S. Missouri, ending World War II
Moreover, this briefing book includes new translations of Japanese primary sources on crucial events, including accounts of the conferences on August 9 and 14 1945, where Emperor Hirohito made decisions to accept Allied terms of surrender. This material sheds light on the considerations that induced Japan’s surrender. -
Nuremberg trials
-November 20, 1945-October 1, 1946
24 defendants, including some of Hitler’s top officials
-Hermann Goering- creator and head of Gestapo (secret police)
-charged with crimes against humanity
-19 found guilty, 12 sentenced to death
-people are responsible for their actions, even in wartime -
Marshall Plan
-congress approved Secretary of State George Marshall's plan to help boost European economies
-The US gave more than $13 billion to help the nations of Europe get back on their feet
