-
The Kellogg-Briand Pact
The Kellogg-Briand Pact is a 1928 international agreement in which signatory states promised not to use war to resolve "disputes or conflicts of whatever nature or of whatever origin they may be, which may arise among them." It was signed by Germany, France, and The United States. The Pact calls for peaceful settlement of disputes. The Kellogg-Briand Pact became a stepping-stone to a more activist American policy. The pact is named after the people who wrote it, an American and a french man. -
The Stimson Doctrine
The Stimson Doctrine is a policy of the United States federal government, of non-recognition of international territorial changes that were done by force. This usage is not widespread, and its invocation usually involves treaty violations. It was not the first time that the U.S. had used non-recognition as a political tool or symbolic statement. The doctrine was criticized on the grounds that it did no more than alienate the Japanese. It was named after Henry L. Stimson, the Sec. of State. -
The Neutrality Act of 1936
The Neutrality Acts were passed by the United States Congress in the 1930s, in response to the growing turmoil in Europe and Asia that eventually led to World War II. This was sought out so that the United States would not get involved with foreign conflicts. The acts were largely repealed in 1941, in the face of German submarine attacks on U.S. vessels and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The Neutrality Acts did last for awhile, they would have lasted much longer if we were never attacked. -
America Entering Into WWII
The United States got involved in World War II after the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor. The attack happened because the United States refused to continue trading gas and iron with Japan. Japan needed gas and iron to continue their war with China. Many political leaders believed it would be best to limit America's involvement in foreign affairs. Even though that is true it was obvious to all polititians and all Americans that after the bombing of Pearl Harbor America had to enter the war -
The Bombing Of Pearl Harbor
The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise attack by Japanese Navy Air Service on The United States Naval base at Pearl Harbor. The Japanese military leadership referred to the attack as Hawaii operation or Operation Al. The Japanese came with fighter planes, torpedo planes, and bombers. There was a total death toll of 2,403 United States people. This event led to the United States declaring war and then three days later Germany declared war following up on The United States. -
The Casablanca Conference
The Casablanca Conference was held at the Anfa Hotel in Casablanca, French Morocco from January 14 to 24, 1943. This happened to plan the Allied European strategy for the next phase of World War II. In attendance was Franklin Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, Charles de Gaulle, and Henri Giraud. Joeseph Stalin did not go. The debate and negotiations made what was known as the "Casablanca Declaration" and what is the most historically provocative statement of purpose "unconditional surrender". -
The Cairo Conference
The Cairo Conference was a meeting between the allied powers which discussed stripping Japan of their territories they had seized since 1914. They also discussed restoring Korea to independence. The Soviet leader Joeseph Stalin did not attend This meeting because of meeting with Chiang. If he would have skipped his meeting with Chiang that could have caused friction between the Soviets and Japan. Franklin Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Chiang Kai-Shek did attend the meeting though. -
The Tehran Conference
This meeting was the first of the World War II conferences that were just "The Big Three". Although the three leaders came into the conference with different objectives the main outcome of the conference was to open up a second front against Nazi Germany. This meeting also addressed the Allies relationship with Turkey and Iran. A separate protocol signed at the conference made the Big Three recognize Iran's independence. There were other meetings like Yalta and Potsdam after this conference -
The Dumbarton Oaks Conference
The Dumbarton Oaks Conference was an international conference at which the United Nations was formulated and negotiated among international leaders. The conference was held at Dumbarton Oaks. The Dumbarton Oaks Conference constituted the first important step taken to carry out paragraph 4 of the Moscow Declaration of 1943, which recognized the need for a postwar international organization to succeed the League of Nations. This was an attempt to maintain peace all around the world. -
The Yalta Conference
The Yalta conference was sometimes called The Crimea Conference. This was a meeting between the United States, Unites Kingdom, and The Soviet Union. The goal of the conference was to shape a post-war peace. It was also to reestablish the nations of war-torn Europe. The Yalta Conference was the second meeting of The Big Three in wartime. The people who attended the conference were President Franklin Roosevelt, Prime minister Winston Churchill, and Premier Joeseph Stalin. -
The Ending Of World War II
World War II ended with the surrender of the axis powers. The Allies accepted Germany's surrender about a week after Adolf Hitler committed suicide. Even though the war was considered to be over there was still lives being claimed in the East. Japan did not surrender to the Allied powers at the same time Germany did. The surrender from Japan did not occur until there were atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Once this happened Japan surrendered as well and the war was officially over. -
The Potsdam Conference
This was the third conference of the Big Three in the Cold War era. The major issue at Potsdam was how to handle Germany Although the allies did disagree a lot at Potsdam they did agree on a few things. For example, the negotiators confirmed the status of a demilitarized and disarmed Germany under four zones of Allied occupation. One matter addressed at the Potsdam Conference dealt with the revision of the German-Soviet-Polish borders and the expulsion of millions Germans from the territories. -
The Marshall Mission
The Marshall Mission was a failed mission taken by United States Army General of the Army George C. Marshall to China in an attempt to negotiate the Communist Party of China and the Nationalists into a unified government. His goal was to unify the Nationalists and Communists with the hope that a strong China, would act as a way against the coming of the Soviet Union. Immediately, Marshall drew both sides into negotiations which would occur for more than a year. The agreements failed. -
The Truman Doctrine
The Truman Doctrine was an American foreign policy created to counter Soviet geopolitical expansion during the Cold War. The Truman Doctrine became the foundation of American foreign policy, and led in 1949 to the formation of NATO. Historians often use Truman's speech to date the start of the Cold War. Truman told Congress that "it must be the policy of the United States to support free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures." -
The Berlin Blockade
The Berlin Blockade was one of the first major international crises of the Cold War. The Soviets offered to drop the blockade if the Western Allies withdrew the newly introduced Deutsche mark from West Berlin.In response the Allies flew overhead and dropped supplies down to the people of West Berlin. There were over 200,000 flights over a two year period. The airlift was clearly succeeding, and by April it was delivering more cargo than had previously been transported into the city by rail.
