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Adolf Hitler
Appointed Chancellor of Germany by President Von Hindenburg -
First official Nazi Concentration Camp
opens in Dachau, a small village located near Munich -
Boycott
On Jewish shops and businesses -
Law
excluding East European Jewish immigrants of German citizenship -
Hitler Proclaims
himself Führer und Reichskanzler (Leader and Reich Chancellor). Armed forces must now swear allegiance to him -
"Nuremberg Laws"
first anti-Jewish racial laws enacted; Jews no longer considered German citizens; Jews could not marry Aryans; nor could they fly the German flag -
Jews
Germany defines a "Jew": anyone with three Jewish grandparents; someone with two Jewish grandparents who identifies as a Jew -
Germans
march into the Rhineland, previously demilitarized by the Versailles Treaty -
Hitler and Mussolini
Form Rome-Berlin Axis -
Anschluss (incorporation of Austria)
all antisemitic decrees immediately applied in Austria -
Evian Conference
Held in Evian, France on the problem of Jewish refugees -
Adolf Eichmann
establishes the Office of Jewish Emigration in Vienna to increase the pace of forced emigration -
Italy
enacts sweeping antisemitic laws -
Munich Conference
Great Britain and France agree to German occupation of the Sudetenland, previously western Czechoslovakia -
Period: to
Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass)
anti-Jewish pogrom in Germany, Austria, and the Sudetenland; 200 synagogues destroyed; 7,500 Jewish shops looted; 30,000 male Jews sent to concentration camps (Dachau, Buchenwald, Sachsenhausen) -
Begining of WWII
Germany invades Poland. In the following weeks, 16.336 civilians are murdered by the Nazies in 714 localities. At least 5,000 victims were Jews -
Jews in Germany
occupied Poland forced to wear an arm band or yellow star. -
Period: to
Ghettos
such as the Lodz and Warsaw were sealed -
German authorities
begin rounding up Polish Jews for transfer to Warsaw Ghetto. 10,000 Jews died by starvation in the ghetto between January and June 1941. -
Germany
invades Soviet Union -
Japanese
attack Pearl Harbor -
US Declares War
Declares war on Japan and Germany -
Wannsee Conference in Berlin
Heydrich outlines plan to murder Europe's Jews -
Period: to
Mass of Jews exterminated
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Germany occupies Hungary
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German Officers
A group of German Officers attempt to assassinate Hitler -
Revolt
Revolt by inmates at Auschwitz; one crematorium blown up; -
Beginning of death march
approximately 40,000 Jews from Budapest to Austria. -
Period: to
Death march for many camps
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Period: to
Liberation of 5 different camps
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Hitler commits suicide
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Period: to
Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
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Japan surrenders; End of WWII