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Mussolini takes over Italy's Government
Mussolini took years to achieve dictatorship. He achieved some power after the March on Rome in 1922 when he was appointed Prime Minister of Italy. He finally achieved dictatorship in 1922. (but had started in 1919)
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Beer Hall Putsch Begins
On November 8, Nazi forces surrounded the Munich beer hall where Bavarian government officials were meeting with local business peoples. A moment later Hitler burst in with a group of Nazi troops, shot his pistol into the air, and declared a revolution had started.
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Kellogg-Briand Pact
The Kellogg-Briand Pact was an agreement to outlaw war signed on August 27, 1928.
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U.S. Stock Market Crash
During the 1920s, the U.S. stock market had rapid growth. Reaching its peak in August 1929. Stock prices began to go down in September and October 1929, and on October 18 it began to fall.
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Japan Invades Manchuria
Japan was becoming fairly crowded due to its limited land and its speedily growing population. Manchuria offered nearly 200,000 square km which could easily fit any over-spilling population problems in Japan.
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Hitler becomes Germany's Chancellor
On January 30, 1933, President Paul von Hindenburg named Hitler as chancellor of Germany. Earlier in 1932 Hitler had a fast rise to power in Germany, brought on by the German people’s frustration with the bad conditions after WWI.
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First Anti-Semitic Law is passed in Germany
The Anti-Semitic Law is a law that declares Jews to be separated from "Aryan" societ and to take away their political, legal, and civil rights.
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Japan Withdraws from the League of Nations
The Japanese delegate going against what they were told they left the League of Nations after the assembly had adopted a report blaming Japan for events in Manchuria.
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Nazi's reach a political majority in Germany
Hitler had to reach a political amjority before he could "officially" have full dictatorship of Germany.
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The night of the long knives (Rohm Purge)
Hitler ordered a purge against the people in his political party who could pose as a threat to his leadership.
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Hitler openly announces to his cabinet he will defy the Treaty of Versailles
He announced a major decision he had just come to Germany would openly defy the Treaty of Versailles and rebuild their army. No one objected this. After the announcement Nazi officials set to work on the new laws. Hitler and the propaganda leader began working on what they would say to the people.
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Creation of the Nuremberg Laws
The Nazi government passed two racial laws at their Reich Party Congress in Nuremberg. The two laws became known as the Nuremberg Laws. These laws took German citizenship away from Jews and outlawed marriage between Jews and non-Jews.
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Italy Invades Ethiopia
A border incident between Ethiopia and Italy. GIving the the ruler of Italy an excuse to interfere and invade Ethiopia.
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Hitler Militarizes the Rhineland
Hitler violates the Treaty of Versailles and the Locarno Pact by sending German forces into the Rhineland. A place near the Rhine River in Germany where there wasn't supposed to be military forces.
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Rape of Nanking
In December of 1937, the Japanese Army marched into China's capital city Nanking and murdered 300,000 out of 600,000 civilians and soldiers in the city.
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Germany Annexed Austria
In March 1938, Nazis in Austria tried for the second to seize the Austrian government by force unite Austria with with Nazi Germany.
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Munich Conference
An agreement made by Germany, Great Britain, France and Italy that gave Germany permission to annex the Sudetenland and the western parts of Czechoslavakia.
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Hitler demands the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia
Hitler demanded his followers cause problems in Sudetenland so it would make Czechoslavakia unable to control their country, so when he demanded Sudetenland it would be given to him
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Kristallnacht
Nazis in Germany torched synagogues, wrecked Jewish homes, schools and businesses and killed close to 100 Jews. After Kristallnacht, (¨Night of Broken Glass”) 30,000 Jews were arrested and sent to concentration camps.
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Einstein’s letter to FDR, “The Manhattan Project”
In the letter Einstein wrote about the properties of uranium and how it could be used to make bombs.
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Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact
A nonaggression pact between Germany and the Soviet Union that was signed only a few days before the beginning of WWII and divided eastern Europe into German and Soviet places of power.
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Nazi invasion of Poland
1.5 million German troops invaded Poland all along its 1,750-mile border. Hitler claimed he was defending the germans but France and Britain didn't believe him. So on September 3 they declared war on Germany. Starting WWII.
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Evacuation of Dunkirk
Navy ships and hundreds of civilian boats were used in the evacuation of Dunkirk, which began on May 26. When it ended on June 4, about 198,000 British and 140,000 French and Belgian troops had been saved.
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France Surrenders
Hitler unleashed his blitzkrieg invasion in France. The French government continued its flight southward to Bordeaux where it fell apart.
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The Tripartite Pact
The Axis powers are formed as Germany, Italy, and Japan become allies when they sign the Tripartite Pact. The pact said that they would help each other if one was attacked by a country not already in the war.
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Lend Lease Act
The Lend-Lease Act was the basic means for providing U.S. military aid to foreign nations during WWII.
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Operation Barbarossa
Hitler sent his armies east in a massive invasion of the Soviet Union. The invasion covered from the North Cape to the Black Sea, which is about 2,000 miles.
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Bombing of Pearl Harbor
Japanese fighter planes attacked the American naval base at Pearl Harbor early in the morning. The Japanese destroyed nearly 20 American naval ships, including eight battleships, and almost 200 airplanes. More than 2,000 Americans died in the attack and 1,000 were wounded.
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Creation of the United Nations
Delegates of 26 nations against the Axis powers met in Washington to sign the Declaration of the United Nations. Promising to use their resourses against the axis powers to prevent then from starting another war,
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The Wannsee Conference and the “Final Solution”
15 high-ranking Nazi Officials and German government officials gathered in Wannsee to discuss and coordinate the "Final Solution" (capture and murder of the Jews)
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Bataan Death March
U.S. surrender of the Bataan Peninsula to the Japanese during WWII. The approximately 75,000 Filipino and American troops on Bataan were forced to make an 65-mile march to prison camps. Thousands died in what is now known as the Bataan Death March.
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Doolittle Raid
The first U.S. air raid to strike the Japanese islands during WWII. The mission is noted because it was the only mission in which U.S. Air Forces bombers were launched from an aircraft carrier into combat.
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Battle of Midway
6 months after the Japanese attack of Pearl Harbor, the U.S. defeated Japan in one of the biggest naval battles of WWII.
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Battle of Britain
German and British air forces foght in the skies over the UK. Britain’s victory saved the country from a invasion and possible occupation of German troops. They proved that their air power could be used to win a major battle.
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Operation Torch
Operation Torch was the Allied invasion of North Africa in November 1942. Operation Torch was the first time the British and Americans had worked on an invasion plan side by side.
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Island Hopping
A line of overlapping island bases (air control too). The plan was to capture certain islands, until Japan came within range of the American bombers.
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Battle of Stalingrad
The Soviet defense of the city of Stalingrad in the U.S.S.R. during WWII. It stopped the German advance into the Soviet Union and marked the war was in favor of the Allies.
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Operation Overlord and D-Day
The battle is also known as D-Day, is when some 156,000 American, British and Canadian forces landed on five beaches along a 50 mile stretch of the guarded coast of France’s Normandy area.
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Operation Valkyrie
Operation Valkyrie is the plan where they attempted the assassination of Hitler in July 1944.
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Discovery of Majdanek
The allies came across the abandoned camp Majdanek, whose prisoners already had been taken on a death march away from ally troops. Majdanek was burned in attempt to mask its presence from the allies but they failed.
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Battle of the Bulge
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The beginning of the Cold War
Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin meeted to discuss the war effort against Germany and Japan and to try and settle some diplomatic issues.Foreshadowing the crumbling of the alliance that had formed.
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Hitler’s Suicide
Hitler hid in an air-raid shelter, consumed a cyanide capsule, then shot himself with a pistol.
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Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasakci
An American bomber dropped the world’s first atomic bomb over the city of Hiroshima. The explosion took out 90% of the city and immediately killed 80,000 people.
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The Nuremberg Trials
The Nuremberg trial were set up to bring Nazi criminals to justice. They were a series of 13 trials carried out in Nuremberg (between 1945-1949).
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The Japanese War Crime Trials
The case against 28 Japanese military and government officials accused of committing crimes and crimes against humans during WWII.
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