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Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy sign a treaty of cooperation, the Rome-Berlin Axis is announced.
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Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan sign the Anti-Comintern Pact, directed against the Soviet Union and the international Communist movement.
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Japan invades China.
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Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union sign a nonaggression agreement and a secret codicil dividing eastern Europe into spheres of influence.
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Denmark surrenders on the day of the attack; Norway holds out until June 9.
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Italy invades southern France on June 21.
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US and British troops land on Sicily. By mid-August, the Allies control Sicily.
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Within six weeks, Anglo-American bombers could hit targets in eastern Germany for the first time.
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Having agreed in principle to unconditional surrender, Japan formally surrenders.