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Franco-Prussian War
The Franco-Prussian War was a conflict that took place from 1870 to 1871 between the French Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia. Tensions had been rising between France and Prussia for years, mainly because of territorial disputes, and the broader rivalry between the two powers in Europe. The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Frankfurt on May 10, 1871. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1P3V4r7RliwoPSc3FKwcEgFudU7IyjaqNFnO9QivG2DU/edit?usp=sharing -
Dual Alliance (Germany and Austria-Hungary)
The Dual Alliance was a defensive alliance formed between two powers, Germany and Austria-Hungary. The Dual Alliance was made on October 7, 1879, between Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The primary purpose of the Dual Alliance was
to prevent an attack by Russia. The alliance was a defensive pact, if one of these nations was attacked by Russia, the other would provide military support. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1C4ubw5Og_hTUqM7KS0trfQZgHACmIQQrjrkuvP0tP9k/edit?usp=sharing -
Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy)
The Triple Alliance, established in 1882, was a significant defensive alliance comprising Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. Its primary objective was to balance the growing influence of France and Russia in Europe. This complex network of alliances played a important role in the lead-up to World War I. https://docs.google.com/document/d/10cJMaO5UzOlhLTXK_ZVMRTI5M_IIwgeOY2jmV69KTCc/edit?usp=sharing -
Franco-Russian Alliance
The Franco-Russian Alliance was a diplomatic pact between France and Russia. It was aimed at countering the growing influence of the Triple Alliance in Europe. The alliance included military interests for defense. Its key purpose was to deter aggression from the Triple Alliance and ensure support in the event of an attack. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1LfdjDF9RiixowCCQsmHSXVsrb7YisLt4DgAENlyeJEc/edit?usp=sharing -
Entente Cordiale (Britain and France)
The Entente Cordiale, signed in 1904, was a diplomatic understanding between Britain and France. It resolved colonial disputes and improved relations, contributing to the broader Triple Entente alliance, which balanced against the Triple Alliance and played a role in the lead-up to World War I. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1k5t5MAgvFOWLk4aO2cp-L-iB4-Pddlu-qSURGL7hE-k/edit?usp=sharing -
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First Moroccan Crisis
The First Moroccan Crisis (1905-1906) was a diplomatic dispute among Germany, France, and Britain over Morocco. Germany challenged French influence, leading to a diplomatic standoff and the Algeciras Conference, which affirmed Morocco's independence and heightened pre-World War I tensions. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1j2w2gr6j208zDFHzQpjt11oAH0maBbz7cNF3lP7zE_8/edit?usp=sharing -
Anglo-Russian/Triple Entente (Britain and Russia)
The Anglo-Russian Entente, formed in 1907, was a diplomatic agreement between the United Kingdom (Britain) and the Russian Empire. It aimed to resolve disputes in Central Asia and Persia while improving relations. The entente contributed to the larger context of the Triple Entente, comprising France, Russia, and the United Kingdom, which played a role in the events leading up to World War I. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1BDpUG85otqL1xTXTqMc0cr169f41xmr3qPeoS6SQ-qI/edit?usp=sharing -
Second Moroccan Crisis
The Second Moroccan Crisis, also known as the Agadir Crisis (1911), was a diplomatic conflict between Germany, France, and Britain over influence in Morocco. Germany's deployment of a gunboat to Agadir escalated tensions, leading to diplomatic negotiations and the Treaty of Fez in 1912. This crisis foreshadowed World War I, marked Britain's shift toward the Triple Entente. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1A26CNQi6v-GsUsJr-TUbrE6DQ-YpUz09D00lsLpOaIA/edit?usp=sharing -
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Balkan Wars
The Balkan Wars (1912-1913) consisted of two conflicts. The First Balkan War saw the Balkan League defeat the Ottoman Empire, redrawing the Balkan map. The Second Balkan War erupted due to territorial disputes among former allies, leading to Bulgaria's defeat and reshuffling of borders. These wars heightened tensions in Europe, contributing to World War I. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1x9su-NIhDGAx5RWRR4wgJiy_tnTn6IWKE-9ewBSsR8I/edit?usp=sharing -
Bolshevik Revolution in Russia
The Bolshevik Revolution, also called the October Revolution in 1917, led by Vladimir Lenin and the Bolshevik Party, toppled the Romanov monarchy in Russia. It followed the February Revolution, where Tsar Nicholas II abdicated. The Bolsheviks seized power in October, initiating radical reforms and withdrawing from World War I. https://docs.google.com/document/d/14SPZgXg5rNq-9XQNP925wbxkg_jpGQfX0o7wmdvabgU/edit?usp=sharing -
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary and his wife Sophie are assassinated in Sarajevo by Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Serbian nationalist organization, the Black Hand, this triggered a series of events that led to the outbreak of World War I. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ro2MP3t_mEZzXH9R4wpqzY-tuFNNMAVqMFApzflQ0Pw/edit?usp=sharing -
Austria-Hungary demands an explanation
Austria-Hungary delivers an ultimatum to Serbia, demanding explanations of the assassination. -
Germany Invades Belgium
Germany's invasion of Belgium prompted Britain to issue an ultimatum and declare war on Germany. -
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
Serbia tries to convince Austia-Hungary that they had nothing to do with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand -
Russia begins mobilisation of troops
Russia begins partial mobilisation of it's troops to support serbia as part of their Russia–Serbian relation -
Germany Declares War on Russia
Germany declared war on Russia, prompting Russia's allies, including France and Belgium, to mobilize. -
Outbreak of World War I
Austria-Hungary, Germany, Russia, France, and Britain were now all involved in the war, leading to a complex web of alliances. -
Italy Joins the Allies
Italy, previously a member of the Triple Alliance, switched sides and joined the Allies in the war. -
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The Battle of Jutland
The Battle of Jutland, in 1916, was a naval confrontation of World War I between the British Navy and the Imperial German Navy in the North Sea. It resulted in significant losses for both sides but maintained the British blockade and strategic stalemate. The battle highlighted the challenges of modern naval warfare and reinforced the importance of submarine warfare and blockades in the conflict. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1qpzfqam2ql_4_BzprrYeHwk08MZNOq0cUIjAq8ACkJU/edit?usp=sharing -
United States Enters the War
The United States entered World War I on the side of the Allies following the sinking of the passenger ship Lusitania by a German submarine and the interception of the Zimmermann Telegram, in which Germany proposed a military alliance with Mexico against the United States. -
End of World War I
World War I came to an end with the signing of the Armistice of Compiègne on November 11, 1918, effectively ending hostilities on the Western Front. The formal peace treaties, including the Treaty of Versailles with Germany, were signed in 1919. -
Signing of the treaty of versailles
The Treaty of Versailles is signed, officially ending the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. The treaty imposes harsh conditions on Germany, including territorial losses and reparations. -
Signing of the Treaty of Trianon
The Treaty of Trianon is signed, formally ending World War I for Hungary. Hungary loses significant territory as a result of this treaty. -
Signing of The Treaty of Sèvres
The Treaty of Sèvres is signed, officially ending World War I for the Ottoman Empire. The treaty dismantles the Ottoman Empire and redistributes its territory among the victorious Allied powers and mandates.