-
Japan invades Manchuria.
-
Fascist Italy invades, conquers, and annexes Ethiopia.
-
Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan sign the Anti-Comintern Pact, directed against the Soviet Union and the international Communist movement.
-
Germany incorporates Austria in the Anschluss.
-
France and Great Britain guarantee the integrity of the borders of the Polish state.
-
Fascist Italy invades and annexes Albania.
-
Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union sign a nonaggression agreement and a secret codicil dividing eastern Europe into spheres of influence.
-
Germany invades Poland, initiating World War II in Europe.
-
Honoring their guarantee of Poland’s borders, Great Britain and France declare war on Germany.
-
The Soviet Union invades Poland from the east.
-
Germany invades Denmark and Norway. Denmark surrenders on the day of the attack; Norway holds out until June 9.
-
Italy enters the war. Italy invades southern France on June 21.
-
The Soviet Union forces Romania to cede the eastern province of Bessarabia and the northern half of Bukovina to the Soviet Ukraine.
-
The air war known as the Battle of Britain ends in defeat for Nazi Germany.
-
The Italians invade British-controlled Egypt from Italian-controlled Libya.
-
Germany, Italy, and Japan sign the Tripartite Pact.
-
Italy invades Greece from Albania on October 28.
-
Bulgaria joins the Axis.
-
Japan bombs Pearl Harbor.
-
Nazi Germany and its Axis partners declare war on the United States.
-
British and US navies halt the Japanese naval advance in the central Pacific at Midway.
-
Axis forces in Tunisia surrender to the Allies, ending the North African campaign.
-
The Germans launch a massive tank offensive near Kursk in the Soviet Union. The Soviets blunt the attack within a week and begin an offensive initiative of their own.
-
US and British troops land on Sicily. By mid-August, the Allies control Sicily.
-
Allied troops land on the beaches of Salerno near Naples.
-
Soviet troops liberate Kiev.
-
Allied troops liberate Rome. Within six weeks, Anglo-American bombers could hit targets in eastern Germany for the first time.
-
British and US troops successfully land on the Normandy beaches of France, opening a “Second Front” against the Germans.
-
Anglo-American forces break out of the Normandy beachhead and race eastward towards Paris.
-
Allied forces land in southern France near Nice and advance rapidly towards the Rhine River to the northeast.