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Weimar republic established in Germany
The Weimar republic was the government that replaced Germany’s imperial form of government; however, the Weimar republic was weak and ineffective, eventually leading to the rise of the Nazis. -
Adolf Hitler became the leader of the Nazi Party
- Hitler’s rise to power within the Nazi party gave Hitler a legal means in which to seize power, which he did under the Aryan and minority-hating banner of the National Socialists German Workers’ Party.
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Washington Naval Confrence
A conference held by president Harding in Washington D.C. regarding the issue of holdings in Pacific/ East Asia and the issue of arms control; attendees included The US, Japan, China, France, Britain, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, and Portugal. -
5 power treaty
- A treaty signed by the 5 major powers of the world as to prevent an arms race by limiting naval construction.
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4 Power Treaty
- A treaty signed by the united states, Great Britain, France, and Japan that stated that all parties were to maintain the status quo in the Pacific.
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9 Power Treaty
a treaty in which stated that Japan was to return thier holding in China and validated the sovereginty of China as a nation; the treaty was signed by all the attendees of the Washington Naval confrence on February 6, 1922. -
Joseph Stalin became the leader of the USSR
- Stalin became leader of the USSR after the death of his predecessor Vladimir Lennon, Stalin would serve his country until October 16, 1952.
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Dawes Plan
The Dawes Plan was a plan comprised by the former triple entente to compromise and collect war reparations due to the allies. -
Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf
- A book by Adolf Hitler literally meaning “my struggle”, in his book Hitler issued his grievances, his wish for Germany to reassert its dominance, and his blame on the Jews and other minority groups for the German peoples struggles.
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Benito Mussolini becomes the leader of Italy
- Mussolini took power in in late 1925 as the 27th Prime Minister of Italy, but eventually took complete control of the government creating a one party dictatorship
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Hirihito becomes the emperor of Japan
Hirihito was crowned the 127th emperor of Japan on December 26, 1926, he would serve in that role untill his death 1989. -
Pan-American Confrence
- A conference held in Havana, Cuba between the nations of the western hemisphere to open trade between the member nations.
- A conference held in Havana, Cuba between the nations of the western hemisphere to open trade between the member nations.
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Kellogg-Briand pact signed
- A pact signed by the nations of the industrialized world in 1928 that resolved to not use war as a means of solving a dispute of conflict.
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Stock Market crash in the US
- The American stock market crashed in late 1929 after a massive sell of stock, this crash led to what will be later known as the Great Depression.
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Japan invaded Manchuria
On September 19, 1931 Japanese forces invade Manchuria, which they would occupy until the end of WWII. -
Stimson Doctrine
- A policy by the United States that stated that they did not recognize any territory that was taken by force, in this case grabs by China and Japan
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The New Deal started
- The new deal was series of programs issued by FDR in an attempt to lessen/end America’s economic depression.
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Adolf Hitler become Channcellor of Germany
at this point, Hitler was posed to take control of the weak Weimar Republic, all he needed was a legal reason. -
Good Neighbor Policy
- The foreign policy of the United States under FDR in which the United States would not intervene in Latin American affairs, but they would further trading with those countries
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FDR became the president of the United States
FDR became president on March 4, 1933 in a landslide victory over Herbert Hoover, 472 electoral votes to 59. -
London Economic Confrence
A meeting of 66 nations in London, England in which measures were passed on issues such as: ending the global depression, revive international trade, and stabilize currencies. -
US formally recognized he USSR
FDR was the first president to recognize the Soviet Union as sovereign, he believed that the US and the USSR should put aside theor differences to kickstart the recovery of the global economy. -
Tydings-McDuffie act
- A United States federal law the provided self-government of the Philippines and for their independence from the United States after 10 years.
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Reciprocal Trade Agreement
- A policy that provided for negotiations of tariffs between the United States and other nations, particularly the ones in Latin America
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Adolf Hitler defied the treaty of Versallies
- In 1933 Adolf Hitler died the treaty of Versailles by ceasing the payment of war reparations and beginning rearmament in secret, in 1935 he reintroduced compulsory military service, in 1936 he demilitarized the Rhineland, and in 1938 he annexed Austria.
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Neutrality Acts
- A series of acts passed by the United States in the 1930’s in response to the growing turmoil in Europe and Asia, these act were an attempt to keep the United States neutral during the beginning of WWII.
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Italy invaded Ethiopia
- Italy invaded Ethiopia in October of 1935 which will come to become known as the second italo-ethiopian war, the result of this war was an Italian victory and the establishment of Italian East Africa.
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Germany Reoccupied the Rhineland
beging on May 7, 1936 German forces began to move into what is known as the Rhineland, this action blanatly violated the Treaty of Verssailles. -
Francisco Franco Led a Fascist Revolt in Spain
in the summer of 1936 Francisco Franco led a uprising aginst the government of Spain, a democracy at that time, after nearly three years of fighting the nationalist were victorious ushering in a new fascist government. -
Rome Berlin Axis
- A coalition formed between Italy and Germany that would later include Japan, the formation of the axis powers.
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Japan invaded China
Japanese forces invade Manchuria, land that was part of China, fighting issued which would be knows as the Second Sino-Japnese War; the result of the war was a Chinese victory and the expulsion of japanese force out of mainland China, except for Manchuria. -
Quarantine speech
- This speech was given by FDR in Chicago calling for a “quarantine of the aggressor nations”, this speech cause isolationists moods to heighten in the United Sates, pushing it further into isolationism.
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Rape of Nanking
- An act of mass murder and mass rape committed by Japanese troops on the city of Nanking, Republic of China during the second Sino-Japanese war.
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Anschluss
- was the occupation and annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany
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The Holocaust began
- The holocaust was the mass murder, or genocide, of the Jews and other minority groups by the Nazis during WWII.
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Adolf Hitler took the Sudetenland
- The Germans took the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia deeming they had the right due to the many Germans that lived there, this was the first act of appeasement by the allies which would end in the complete annexation of Czechoslovakia.
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Hitler took the Sudetenland
- German forces took the Sudetenland, or lands in Czechoslovakia with high german populations, on September 15, 1938; this was an act of appeasement by the allies towards Hitler and Germany.
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Hitler hosted the Munich confrence
the munich confrence was a meeting held in Munich, Germany which granted the Nazis the permittion to annex Czechosolvakia. -
Hitler took Czechoslovakia
after the signing of the Munich Agreement, Nazi forces annex Czechoslovakia into the Thrid Reich. -
Kristallnacht
- The “night of broken glass”, on this date Nazi forces attacked Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues, 91 Jews died and 30000 were arrested and sent to concentration camps
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Cost-Plus System
- A system in which the United States government paid contracted manufacturers to produce items for the war effort.
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Nazi-Soviet Pact Signed
- A pact between the Soviets and the Nazis that stated the neither would take military action against the other; this Nazi-Soviet Pact would been broken when the Nazis invaded the USSR during operation Barbarous.
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Germany invades Poland
German and Soviet forces invaded Poland on September 1, 1939, this marked the beginning of WWII; the result of this campaign was victories for the invading Germans and Soviets resulting in Poland being broken apart. -
Sitzkrieg
Sitzkrieg, or phony war, was a term used to decribe the inaction of the western allies (France and UK) during the begining of WWII, this standoff was center around the Maginot line in eastern France. -
Auschwitz death camp opened
Auschwitz was open in May of 1940 as a part of Hitler's "Final Soultion"; over the course of five years it is estimated that the Nazi's killed 1.1 million imates before the camp was liberated by Soviet troops in January of 1945. -
Winston Chruchill became Prime Minister of GB
Winston Chruchill took of office of Prime Minister on May 10, 1940, where he would sereve untill 1945 and the again in 1951. -
Allies Evacuate Dunkirk
the evacuation of Dunkirk came after the Allied force stationed their deamed the fight for mainland Europe was lost, the resulting evacuation lated 9 day and evacuated nearly 338,000 allied troops. -
Vichy government established in France
- Vichy France, or the French state, was a puppet government set up by the Nazis after their defeat of France in the Battle of Paris; Vichy France would remain in power until they were overthrown by French resistance in 1944.
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The Battle of Britain
- A campaign by the Luftwaffe to break the British by constantly bombarding them with air raids over the summer and autumn of 1940; however, the Germans plan did not go as planned, the British were not broken.
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destroyers for bases deal
- Was an agreement between the United States and the United Kingdom in which the United States transferred 50 destroyers to the United Kingdom in exchange for land in British held possessions for that would be used as naval bases.
- Was an agreement between the United States and the United Kingdom in which the United States transferred 50 destroyers to the United Kingdom in exchange for land in British held possessions for that would be used as naval bases.
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Tripartite Pact signed
the Tripartite Pact was signed on September 27, 1940 by Germany, Italy, and the Empire of Japan; this pact established the Axis Powers. -
The Election of 1940
- The election of 1940 was a race between FRD and Wendell Willkie, FDR won his third term in a land slide 449 electoral votes to Willkie’s 82.
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Four Freedoms
the Four Freedoms were goal given by FDR in an address that would later be called the "Four Freedoms Speech" on January 6,1941; in his speech FDR stated his four freedoms as: Freedom of speech, Freedom of Worship, Freedom fom want, and Freedom form fear. -
Lend Lease Act
A program in which the United states supplied the United Kingdom, the USSR, the Republic of China, France(later free France), and other allied nations with materials to fund the war effort. -
Operation Barbarossa
- The code name for the German invasion of the Soviet Union, ended in a German defeat (they didn’t heed Napoleon).
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Atlantic Charter
the Atlantic Charter was a pivitol piece of legisaltion that set the foundation for the post-WW2 world; a major result of this charter was the creation of the United Nations. -
Office of Price Administration
- The purpose of the OPA was to control money, or price control, and rents after the onset of WWII.
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Shoot-On-Sight Orders
- FDR issued the Shoot-on-sight order after the USS Geer fired upon a german submarine, three months before the US entered the war; in response FDR stated that US naval ships could fire if they deemed they were threatened.
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Washington Conference
A series of three conferences held between Allied leaders to plan and strategize. -
Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor
- On December 7, 1941 Japanese forces attacked United States naval and aviation assets located at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii; this attack push America into declaring war on Japan essentially drawing the US into WWII.
- On December 7, 1941 Japanese forces attacked United States naval and aviation assets located at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii; this attack push America into declaring war on Japan essentially drawing the US into WWII.
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the US Declaration of War on Japan
The United States declaration of war came in response to the Japanese bombing of US naval assets moored at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on December 7th, 1941; the following day president Roosevelt urged Congress to declare war on the nation of Japan, which they did, leading to the entrance of the United States into WWII. -
Double V
- A campaign by African Americans to gain equality or “victory” at home and abroad, hence the double v.
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War Production Board
- An agency set up by FDR that supervised war production in the United States until the conclusion of WWII.
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Nisie were interned in relocation centers
- FDR authorized the internment of Japanese Americans, meaning that all citizens of Japanese ancestor were not allowed to live on the pacific coast and were moved inland to “internment camps”.
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Hitler Enacts the "Final Solution"
- The final solution was a plan by Nazi Germany to systematically exterminate the Jews and other minority groups in Nazi-occupied territories.
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MacArthur's "I shall return" speech
- MacArthur issued his “I shall return” speech as he was forced to leave the Philippines after the Japanese took the islands, he promised to return to the Philippines no matter what.
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Bataan death march
The Bataan death march was the forcible transfer of American and Filipino POW’s by Japanese forces after the battle of Bataan, between 2600 and 11000 POW’s died. -
Doolittle Raids over Japan
A series of air raids on the Japanese capital of Tokyo and other nearby cities, the reason for these reapeated raid was for reataliation for the bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941 -
Battle of the Coral Sea
- A major battle in the pacific theater that was the first instance in which aircraft carriers engaged each other, as well as the first battle in which neither side’s vessels sighted or fired directly upon the other; this battle resulted in a tactical victory for the Japanese, but a strategic one of the allies (in the fact that they repelled an Japanese invasion).
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The Battle of Midway
- A decisive victory for the allies that destroyed much of the Japanese fleet; in turn the battle fatally crippled the Japanese navy and air force which they were never able to recover.
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The Battle of El Alamein
- A battle between a coalition of allied nations against German and Italian forces on the northern coast of Egypt; the battle resulted in a tactical stalemate, but a strategic victory for the allies.
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Battle of Guadalcanal
- Guadalcanal was a campaign in the Solomon Island by the United States and other allied force to take the Solomon Island from the Japanese that occupied the island; this campaign resulted in an allied victory and marked the beginning of the end of Japanese success in the pacific.
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Manhattan Project begins
- A project spearheaded by the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada to develop the world’s first nuclear bomb, which was achieved on July 16, 1945.
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The Battle of Stalingrad
- The battle of Stalingrad was a major turning point in the eastern theater of WWII, the belligerents of this battle were the USSR and the invading Germans, the results of this battle was a decisive victory for the Soviets
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Operation Torch
- And allied plan to invade French North Africa during the North African campaign, the result was an allied victory and the withdrawal of axis troops from North Africa.
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Casablanca confrence
A conference with representatives from the US, UK, USSR, and free France in which the end of WWII was strategize; the most important result of this conference was the “Casablanca declaration”, which called for an unconditional surrender of the axis powers. -
Rosie the Riveter
- Rosie the riveter was introduced during WWII to represent the female factory workers that became prevalent in America due to the war, she would go on to represent women for many years to come becoming an American icon.
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Smith-Connelly anti-strike act
- An act passed on June 25, 1943 which allowed the federal government to seize and operate industries threatened by or under strikes that would interfere with the production of war materials
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Island Hopping Campaign
"Island Hopping" was a miltary strategy used by the United States during WWII to combate the expansion of the Empire of Japan. -
Allies landed in Sicily
- The allies landed in Sicily on July 9, 1943 taking the island over the course of a month; the result of the invasion of Sicily was an allied victory and the expulsion of axis forces from the island.
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Tehran conference
- A strategic conference held in Tehran, Iran between the “Big Three”: Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Winston Churchill; the main result of the conference was the consensus to open a second front against the Germans.
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Operation Overloard
- Operation overlord was the code name given to the D-Day invasion of Normandy, France; this battle resulted in an Allie victory, however hundreds of thousands of soldiers on both sides parishes in the battle.
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Kamikaze pilots appear in the Pacific
The Kamikaze, or Spirit Wind, were Japanese pilots willing to die for their honor and their nation; Kazmikaza began to appear on the battle field in October of 1944. -
Gen. MacArthur returned to the Philippines
- After 2 years MacArthur returned to the Philippines strengthening ties between the United States and the Philippines.
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FDR's 4th Term
- FDR won his 4th term on November 7, 1944 and continued his current policies and eventually on April 12, 1944 FDR died, he was succeeded by Harry Truman.
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The Battle of the Buldge
- A major German offensive campaigns launched through the Ardennes on the western front to combat the advancing allies; the battle resulted in a decisive Allied victory.
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Yalta Conference
- A conference held in Crimea between the Big Three, the conference covered the rebuilding of Europe after WWII Was over.
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The Battle of Iwo Jima
- The battle of Iwo Jima was a major battle in the pacific theater of WWII, in this battle American forces sustained heavy loses, but still overtook the island, from this battle we get the famous hoisting the flag picture.
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Battle of Okinawa
- Code named operation iceberg, the battle of Okinawa was the largest amphibious assault in WWII, the result of this battle was an allied victory and the occupation of the island by American forces, Okinawa would remain in American hands until 1972.
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Mussolini was executed
Mussolini was executed along with his wife after trying to flee to Switzerland, after they were shot their bodies were hung in a square in Milan, Italy and put on public display. -
Hitler commited suicide
- Hitler committed suicide along with his mistress, Eva Braun, on April 30, 1945 to avoid capture by the red army; without Hitler’s leadership the third Reich fell apart, only seven days later, Germany unconditionally surrendered to the invading allies.
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Germany surrendered
- Effectively ended WWII in Europe, Germany unconditionally surrendered to the victorious allies on this date.
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V E Day
this day marked the end of WWII in Europe and the date unconditional surrender of all German forces. -
United Nations Charter
on June 26, 1945 the United Nations was chartered, the predecessor to the League of Nations, this organization was established to prevent future wars and to help in the rebuilding of Europe and Asia. -
Potsdam Conference
- The victorious allies held a conference in Potsdam, Germany to determine how to administer punishment to the defeated Germans.
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Atomic Bomb Dropped on Hiroshima
on August 6, 1945 an american bomber droped an atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshima, Japan, the first use of an atomic weapon used against an enemy power in human history. -
Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki
- This was the second instance of the use of an atomic bomb on a Japanese city; from this attack killed between 60,000 and 80,000 people.
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V-J Day
This date marked the end of the war in the pacific, and the end of WWII for the United States -
Japan Surrendered
The empire of Japn offically surrendered on September 2, 1945 aboard the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay. -
Nuremburg Trials
- A series a military tribunals held by the allies following WWII, the main purpose was to sentence prominent leaders in Nazi Germany for “war crimes” and “crimes against humanity”.
