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Mussolini takes over Italy's Government
Pic: http://4esohistoryclass.blogspot.com/2012/05/italy_13.html
He was an Italian dictator who supported Fascism. He forged the paramilitary Fascist movement in 1919 and became prime minister in 1922. He made an ally with Hitler, relying on him to prop up his leadership during World War II, but he was killed shortly after the German surrender in Italy in 45'
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/benito-mussolini -
Beer Hall Putsch
Pic: http://spartacus-educational.com/GERbeer.htm
This was a failed attempt at trying to takeover the government in Bavaria
http://www.history.com/topics/beer-hall-putsch -
Kellogg-Briand Pact
pic: https://www.britannica.com/event/Kellogg-Briand-Pact
The Kellogg-Briand Pact was an attempt to eliminate war as an instrument of national policy. They wanted to keep peace everywhere
https://www.britannica.com/event/Kellogg-Briand-Pact -
U.S Stock Market crash
pic: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/80994493268857171/
"Black Tuesday" hit Wall Street when traders traded MIllions of Dollars in a stock exchange in one day, which caused thousands of investors to be wiped out. Also, America and a lot of the world went into the Great Depression.
http://www.history.com/topics/1929-stock-market-crash -
Japan Invades Manchuria
Pic: https://lyndenpacifictheater.wordpress.com/china-invasion/
The SU declares war on Japan and poured more than 1 million soldiers into Manchuria which is in China
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/soviets-declare-war-on-japan-invade-manchuria -
Hitler becomes Germany's Chancellor
The President of Germany named fuhrer of the National Socialist German Workers (Nazi) Party, as Chancellor of Germany.
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/adolf-hitler-is-named-chancellor-of-germany -
First anti-semitic law is passed
In the Nazi ideology, they thought that the Jew's way of life was all wrong. These laws were passed and they restricted them from doing many things in the community such as, being involved in activities and programs that many Germans had gotten to do.
https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007901 -
The night of the long knives (Rohm Purge)
The Night of the Long Knives was Adolf Hitler’s great purge, ridding the Nazi Party of those he distrusted. Its most notorious victim was Ernst Rohm, once his loyal friend and devotee. With Hitler’s power almost absolute, only the excesses of the SA, and their bull-necked leader, Ernst Rohm, troubled the dictator
http://www.historyinanhour.com/2010/06/29/night-of-the-long-knives-summary/ -
Hitler openly announces to his cabinet he will defy the Treaty of Versailles
Nazi leader Adolf Hitler violates the Treaty of Versailles and the Locarno Pact by sending German military forces into the Rhineland.
http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/triumph/tr-rhine.htm -
Creation of the Nuremberg Laws
German Jews are stripped of their citizenship, reducing them to mere "subjects" of the state
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/nuremberg-race-laws-imposed -
Discovery of Majdanek
Through the duration of the camp, it was under construction for the most part. Many of the campers too weak to work, they ended up dying months after they got there. -
Italy invades Ethiopia
Under the power of Benito Mussolini, they invaded Ethiopia because they lost to Ethiopia (one of the only 2 independent African nations at the time,) 40 years earlier.
http://steelpulse.com/blog/2013/10/03/october-3-1935-italy-invades-ethiopia/ -
Hitler Militarizes the Rhineland
This action was directly against the Treaty of Versailles which had laid out the terms which the defeated Germany had accepted. This move, in terms of foreign relations, threw the European allies, especially France and Britain, into confusion.
http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/german-occupation/ -
Rape of Nanking
Japanese General Matsui Iwane ordered that the city of Nanking be destroyed. Much of the city was burned. In what became known as the “Rape of Nanking,” the Japanese butchered 150,000 male war prisoners, massacred an additional 50,000 male civilians, and raped at least 20,000 women and girls of all ages, many of whom were mutilated or killed in the process
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-rape-of-nanking -
Germany Annexes Austria
Austrian Nazis conspired for the second time in four years to seize the Austrian government by force and unite their nation with Nazi Germany. Austrian Chancellor Kurt von Schuschnigg, learning of the conspiracy, met with Nazi leader Adolf Hitler in the hopes of reasserting his country’s independence but was instead bullied into naming several top Austrian Nazis to his cabinet
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/germany-annexes-austria -
Munich Conference
Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, French Premier Edouard Daladier, and British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain sign the Munich Pact, which seals the fate of Czechoslovakia, virtually handing it over to Germany in the name of peace. Upon return to Britain, Chamberlain would declare that the meeting had achieved “peace in our time.”
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/hitler-appeased-at-munich -
Kristallnacht
in an incident known as “Kristallnacht”, Nazis in Germany torched synagogues, vandalized Jewish homes, schools and businesses and killed close to 100 Jews. In the aftermath of Kristallnacht, also called the “Night of Broken Glass,” some 30,000 Jewish men were arrested and sent to Nazi concentration camps.
http://www.history.com/topics/kristallnacht -
Hitler demands the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia
Hitler’s forces invade and occupy Czechoslovakia–a nation sacrificed on the altar of the Munich Pact, which was a vain attempt to prevent Germany’s imperial aims
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/nazis-take-czechoslovakia -
Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact
Hitler and Stalin signed a non-agression pact, called the Molotov-Ribbentrop Treaty. According to the agreement, Russia would have control over Latvia, Estonia, and Finland, while Germany would gain control over Lithuania and Danzig. Poland would be partitioned into three major areas. The Warthland area, bordering Germany would be annexed outright to the German Reich, and all non-German inhabitants expelled to the east
http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-molotov-ribbentrop-pact-august-1939 -
Nazi invasion of Poland
At 4:45 a.m., some 1.5 million German troops invade Poland all along its 1,750-mile border with German-controlled territory. Nazi leader Adolf Hitler claimed the massive invasion was a defensive action, but Britain and France were not convinced. On September 3, they declared war on Germany, initiating World War II.
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/germans-invade-poland -
Evacuation of Dunkirk
The nine-day evacuation, the largest of its kind in history and an unexpected success, saved 338,000 Allied troops from capture by the Nazis.
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/dunkirk-evacuation-ends -
France Surrenders
With Paris fallen and the German conquest of France reaching its conclusion, Marshal Henri Petain replaces Paul Reynaud as prime minister and announces his intention to sign an armistice with the Nazis. The next day, French General Charles de Gaulle, not very well known even to the French, made a broadcast to France from England, urging his countrymen to continue the fight against Germany
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/france-to-surrender -
Battle of Britain
German and British air forces clashed in the skies over the United Kingdom, locked in the largest sustained bombing campaign to that date.
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/battle-of-britain -
The tripartite Pact
the Axis powers are formed as Germany, Italy, and Japan become allies with the signing of the Tripartite Pact in Berlin. The Pact provided for mutual assistance should any of the signatories suffer attack by any nation not already involved in the war. http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-tripartite-pact-is-signed-by-germany-italy-and-japan -
Lend Lease Act
Proposed in late 1940 and passed in March 1941, the Lend-Lease Act was the principal means for providing U.S. military aid to foreign nations during World War II. It authorized the president to transfer arms or any other defense materials for which Congress appropriated money to the government of any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States.
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/lend-lease-act -
Operation Barbarossa
Adolf Hitler launched his armies eastward in a massive invasion of the Soviet Union: three great army groups with over three million German soldiers, 150 divisions, and three thousand tanks smashed across the frontier into Soviet territory.
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/operation-barbarossa -
Bombing of Pearl Harbor
hundreds of Japanese fighter planes attacked the American naval base at Pearl Harbor near Honolulu, Hawaii. The barrage lasted just two hours, but it was devastating: The Japanese managed to destroy nearly 20 American naval vessels, including eight enormous battleships, and more than 300 airplanes. More than 2,000 Americans soldiers and sailors died in the attack, and another 1,000 were wounded.
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/pearl-harbor -
The Wannsee Conference and the “Final Solution”
Reinhard Heydrich, Himmler's second in command of the SS, convened the Wannsee Conference in Berlin with 15 top Nazi bureaucrats to coordinate the Final Solution (Endlösung) in which the Nazis would attempt to exterminate the entire Jewish population of Europe, an estimated 11 million persons.
http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/holocaust/h-wannsee.htm -
Bataan Death March
U.S. surrender of the Bataan Peninsula on the main Philippine island of Luzon to the Japanese during World War II (1939-45), the approximately 75,000 Filipino and American troops on Bataan were forced to make an arduous 65-mile march to prison camps. The marchers made the trek in intense heat and were subjected to harsh treatment by Japanese guards. Thousands perished in what became known as the Bataan Death March.
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/bataan-death-march -
Doolittle Raid
16 American B-25 bombers, launched from the aircraft carrier USS Hornet 650 miles east of Japan and commanded by Lieutenant Colonel James H. Doolittle, attack the Japanese mainland
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/doolittle-leads-air-raid-on-tokyo -
Battle of Midway
During the four-day sea-and-air battle, the outnumbered U.S. Pacific Fleet succeeded in destroying four Japanese aircraft carriers while losing only one of its own, the Yorktown, to the previously invincible Japanese navy.
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/battle-of-midway-begins -
Operation Torch
Operation Torch was the name given to the Allied invasion of French North Africa in November 1942. Operation Torch was the first time the British and Americans had jointly worked on an invasion plan together.
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/world-war-two/war-in-north-africa/operation-torch/ -
Island Hopping (use date for Buna-Gona Campaign)
This D-Day narrative was repeated hundreds of times over in the Pacific, as American troops inched closer to Japan.The US “island hopping” strategy targeted key islands and atolls to capture and equip with airstrips, bringing B-29 bombers within range of the enemy homeland, while hopping over strongly defended, leaving them to wither.
http://www.nationalww2museum.org/campaigns-of-courage/road-to-tokyo/island-hopping.html?referrer=https://www.google.com/ -
Battle of Stalingrad
was the successful Soviet defense of the city of Stalingrad. Russians consider it to be the greatest battle of their Great Patriotic War, and most historians consider it to be the greatest battle of the entire conflict.
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/battle-of-stalingrad -
D-Day and Operation Overlord
the Allied invasion fleet became visible crossing the choppy waters of the English Channel to France. None of those who took part in D-Day, whether soldier, sailor, or airman, would ever forget the sight. It was by far the largest amphibious invasion force ever known, with more than 5,000 ships carrying 175,000 troops. The view from the air was breathtaking.
https://gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/world-war-ii/essays/d-day-or-operation-overlord-june-6-1944 -
Operation Valkyrie
At the end of 1943 the Schutz Staffeinel and the Gestapo managed to arrest several Germans involved in plotting to overthrow Adolf Hitler.
http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/operation-valkyrie-the-quot-july-plot-quot-to-assassinate-hitler -
Battle of the Bulge
Adolph Hitler attempted to split the Allied armies in northwest Europe by means of a surprise blitzkrieg thrust through the Ardennes to Antwerp. Caught off-guard, American units fought desperate battles to stem the German advance at St.-Vith, Elsenborn Ridge, Houffalize and Bastogne
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/battle-of-the-bulge -
Hitler’s Suicide
Der Fuhrer, Adolf Hitler, dictator of Germany, burrowed away in a refurbished air-raid shelter, consumes a cyanide capsule, then shoots himself with a pistol, as his “1,000-year” Reich collapses above him.
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/adolf-hitler-commits-suicide-in-his-underground-bunker -
V-E Day
both Great Britain and the United States celebrate Victory in Europe Day. Cities in both nations, as well as formerly occupied cities in Western Europe, put out flags and banners, rejoicing in the defeat of the Nazi war machine.
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/victory-in-europe -
Einstein’s letter to FDR, “The Manhattan Project”
The world's scientific community discovered that German physicists had learned the secrets of splitting a uranium atom.
http://www.ushistory.org/us/51f.asp -
Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
an American B-29 bomber dropped the world’s first deployed atomic bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima. The explosion wiped out 90 percent of the city and immediately killed 80,000 people; tens of thousands more would later die of radiation exposure. Three days later, a second B-29 dropped another A-bomb on Nagasaki, killing an estimated 40,000 people.
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/bombing-of-hiroshima-and-nagasaki -
V-J Day
it was announced that Japan had surrendered unconditionally to the Allies, effectively ending World War II. Since then, both August 14 and August 15 have been known as “Victoryover Japan Day,” simply “V-J Day.”
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/v-j-day -
Creation of the United Nations
the United Nations Charter, which was adopted and signed on June 26, 1945, is now effective and ready to be enforced.
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-united-nations-is-born -
The Nuremberg Trials
Held for the purpose of bringing Nazi war criminals to justice, the Nuremberg trials were a series of 13 trials carried out in Nuremberg, Germany, between 1945 and 1949. The defendants, who included Nazi Party officials and high-ranking military officers along with German industrialists, lawyers and doctors, were indicted on such charges as crimes against peace and crimes against humanity.
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/nuremberg-trials -
The Japanese War Crime Trials
the International Military Tribunals for the Far East begins hearing the case against 28 Japanese military and government officials accused of committing war crimes and crimes against humanity during World War II. The trial ended with 25 of 28 Japanese defendants being found guilty.
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/japanese-war-crimes-trial-begins
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