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Period: to
Old Regime
Social and political system and people were divided into three estates -
Period: to
Government debt
Louis XVl and Marie Antoinette - inherited debt from previous kings and was an extravagant spender,borrowed heavily from the government to help the American Revolution. -
Period: to
Economic Trouble
Caused widespread crop failures and shortage of grain.Bread double and many faced starvation. Heavy taxes made it impossible for business to make money. Cost of living was going up. -
Napoleon Bonaparte seizes power
Was born 1769
Age of 9, was sent to military school
1789- Joined the military -
Bankers refused money loan
Refused to lend money to government causing Louis to face problems -
National Assembly
End of monarch and beginning of representive government -
Tennis court oath
Pledge made by members of the National Assembly -
Bastille Day
People stormed Bastille and stole weapons and gun power. Attacked the prison commander and several guards to death and put the dead heads on pikes and marched the streets -
Great fear
Parisian women rioated over rising bread prices. Blamed Marie Antionette for “hoarding bread” -
Assembly Reforms
Noblemen declared their love for liberty and equality
Made the Declaration of Rights of Man Citzen- men are born and remain free and equal
Principles adapted by Revolutionary leaders
Liberty
Equality
Fraternity -
Louis Escapes
Tried to leave France as they left in dangered
Increased his radical enemies in the government and sealed his fate -
Legislative Assembly
New body of government,had power to reject, create laws and approve/reject declarations of war
Spilt into three groups
Radicals-sat at the left side of the hall,opposed the ideas of monchary and wanted sweeping changes in government
Mordrates- sat in the center,wanted some changes in government
Conservatives-sat on the right side of the hall and wanted few changes in government -
Jacobins Take control
Radical political organization
Jean Paul Marat
Prominent members
George Danton
Lawyer
Passionate speacker
Devoted to the rights of Paris’s poor
Reduced Louis from king to a common citizen and prisoner -
Louis excuted
Was found guiltily and behead by guillotine -
Maximilien Robespierre Assumes power
Slowly gained power
Set out to build a “republic of virtue”
Changed the calander to 12 months of 30 days and no Sunday’s (Sunday’s were considered dangerous and old fashioned)
Closed all Church’s -
Maximilien Robespierre Assumes power (continued)
Became the leader of the Committee of Public Safety
Period of rule was called Regin of Terror
All “enemies’’ were tired in the morning and beheaded in the afternoon -
End of Robespierre
Told the executioner ‘’don’t forget to show my head to the people, its well worth seeing’’
Demanded that he was arrested and excuted
Directory was created
-five men were moderates -
Directory appoints Napoleon
Appointed Napoleon leader of the French army
Took the tittle of first consul
Was known as coup d’etat due the sudden seize of power -
Period: to
Napoleon comes to power
Plebiscite- direct vote from country’s people to have the opportunity to approve or reject a proposal
Supported the laws that would both strengthen the government and achieve goals of the revolution
Set up a effecient method of tax collection
Establish national banking system
Promoted sound financial management
Took steps to end corruption and inefficiency
Signed a concordat with Pope Puis Vll -
Nepoleonic Code
A comprehensive and uniform system of laws established for France
Limited liberty
Promoted order and authority over individual rights
Freedom of speech and press were restricted -
Napoleon: Crowned Emperor
Decided to make himself emperor
Dressed in a splendid rode
Singaled that he was more powerful then the church -
Toussaint L’Ouverture
Enslaved Africans under his leadership
Wouldn’t give them their freedom or any privileges -
Battle of Trafalgar
Navel battle in which Napoleons forces were defeated by a British fleet under the command of Horatio Nelson -
Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes
Set up a Blockade which the forcible close of ports to prevent trade and communication with Great Britain
Policy was the continental system -
Period: to
Peninsular War
Conflict with Spanish rebels with the aid if British forces fought to drive Napoleon’s troops out of Spain -
Battle of Borodino
Two armies clashed -
Napoleons downfall
Napoleons took advantage of his weakness
Faced the allied armies of the European powers
Wanted fight one but generals refused -
Napoleon gives up throne
Accepted the terms of surrender and gave up his throne
Gave small pension and exiled -
Klemens von Metternich takes power
Foreign minster of Austria
Disturbed the democratic ideals of the French Revolution
Wanted to keep things as they were,’’the first and greatest concern for the immerse majority of every nation is the stability of laws-never their change” -
Napoleon returns
Escaped from Elba and comes to France were he regained emperor of France
Attacked Waterloo
The defeat ended 100 days of Napoleon’s last bid for power
Was sent to St.Helena -
Congress of Vienna
Klemes had three goals with the Congress
First: wanted to prevent future French Aggression by surrounding. France with strong countries
Second: wanted balance of power
-Poltical situation in which no one nation is more powerful enough to pose threats to others
Third: wanted to restore Europes royal families to the tones they held before Napoleons conquest -
Continenment of France
The following steps Congress took to make the weak countries stronger:
The former Austrian Netherlands and Dutch Republic were united to form the Kingdom of the Netherlands. A group of 39 German states were loosely joined
as the newly created German Confederation, dominated by Austria.
Switzerland was recognized as an independent nation. The Kingdom of Sardinia in Italy was strengthened by the addition of Genoa.
Changes enabled counties of Europe to contain France and prevent from overpower -
Balance of power and legitimacy
Balance of Power
Wanted to weaken france
Severely punished france
The victorious powers did not exact a great price
Legitimacy
The hereditary right of a monarch to rule
Ruling families regained throne
Congress of Vienna believed that the return of former monarchs would stabilize political relations among the nations -
Holly Allance
League of European nations formed by the leaders of Russia,Asturia and Prussia all signed it -
Concert of Europe
A series of alliances among European nations in the 19th century, devised by Prince Klemens von Metternich to prevent the outbreak of revolutions
Held form control of the governments
Couldn’t contain the ideas that had emerged during the French Revolution