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Dec 5, 1100
Henry II begins colonizing Ireland
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Dec 5, 1290
The Jews are expelled from England
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Dec 5, 1500
Henry VIII and his children begin bringing Ireland under English rule
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Period: to
British colonists have formed a large, thriving settlement along eastern shore of North America
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Period: to
French colonize part of the Americas
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Charles I takes the throne of England
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Charles I brings Parliament back together after dissolving it
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Charles I dissolves Parliament & refuses to call it back together
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Charles I attempts to force a version of Anglican bible on Presbyterian Scots
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Parliament passes laws to limit royal power
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Charles I vainly attempts to arrest Parliament
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Period: to
The English Civil War
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Oliver Cromwell begins leading the Puritans in the war
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Cromwell's army begins defeating Cavaliers
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Puritans hold Charles I prisoner
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Charles I faces public trial and execution
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Cromwell and his army crush an uprising in Ireland
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Oliver Cromwell abolishes monarchy and the House of Lords
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Parliament passes the Navigation Act
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Cromwell sends home remaining members of Parliament
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Parliament votes for Charles II to ascend the English throne
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Charles II arrives in England
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Law passed by Parliament called Habeas Corpus
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James II inherits throne to England
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James II's wife gives birth to a son
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No British king can rule without consent of Parliament
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James II flees to France upon discovering William and Mary's intention of overthrowing him
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Parliament drafts Bill of Rights
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Period: to
Potential problem between Parliament and ruler(s) solved by creation of the cabinet
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Period: to
The population of colonial America grows from about 250,000 to about 2,150,000
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Period: to
France is considered the most advanced country in Europe
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England and Scotland become united
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Period: to
The French and Indian War
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Period: to
the rule of King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
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George III is made king of England
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Parliament passes the Stamp Act
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Period: to
the Old Regime remains in place in France
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Period: to
France's government is in extreme debt
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Colonists throw all their tea imported from England into teh harbor
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Representatives from most colonies gather to form the First Continental Congress
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The British and colonists fight the first battle of the American Revolution
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The Second Continental Congress issues the Declaration of Independence
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France comes to the aid of the Americans in the American Revolution
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Period: to
the economy in France begins declining
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Period: to
France begins to have bad weather, causing widespread problems with crops and shortage of grain
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The British general Cornwallis surrenders to Washington
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The Americans create the Articles of Confederation
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Napoleon Bonaparte, at the age of 16, becomes a lieutenant in the French Army when the French Revolution breaks out
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Period: to
colonists in Latin America who are aware of the Enlightenment and shocked at the news of the American and French Revolutions
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Bankers refuse to lend money to the gevernment and Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
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Congress approves a Constitutional Convention to revise the Articles of Confederation
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the first session of the Constitutional Convention is held
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The delegates of the Constitutional Convention signed the new Constitution
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the Estates-General is held for the first time in 175 years
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The Estates General is held for the first time in 175 years
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The delegates of the Third Estates voted to establish the National Assembly to proclaim the end of absolute monarchy and the beginning of a representative government
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The delegates of the Third Estates vote to establish the National Assembly to proclaim the end of Absolute Monarchy and the beginning of a representative government
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the French people, in search of gunpowder, storm the Bastille, overwhelming and brutally killing all guards and officers
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French noblemen make eloquent speeches on their love for liberty and equality
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enraged about the price of bread, Parisian women storm into the Palace at Versailles, demanding that Louis and Marie Antoinette return to Paris
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Enraged about a piece of bread, Parisian women storm into the Palace at Versailles, demanding that Louis and Marie Antoinette return to Paris
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France has a shortage of bread and many experience starvation
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Enlightenment ideas reach France; planters in Saint Dominique demand to have the same rights as the French people
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Louis XVI and his family attempt to escape from Paris and into the Austrian Netherlands
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Haitian man named Toussaint L'Ouverture leads Haitian slaves in a revolt
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By 1791, France has undergone many governmental changes, and National Assembly has completed the new constitution with Louis' signature
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Legislative Assembly declares war on Austria & Prussia
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French men and women invade the Tuileries and massacred the royal guards, imprisoning Louis XVI and his family
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all throughout September, French nobles, priests, and royalist sympathizers fall victim to angry mobs in September massacres
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mobs of angry French peasants murder thousands of prisoners in French prisons in the September Massacres
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The Guillotine is created
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King Louis XVI is put on trial and executed
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France's army recruits all citizens (including women) between the ages of 18 and 40
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France's army recuits all citizens (including women) between the ages of 18 and 40
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Great Britain, Holland, and Spain joined forces with Prussia and Austria to fight against France
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Charlotte Corday murders Jean-Paul Marat
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Maximilien Robespierre is made leader of the Committee of Public Safety
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French writer Olympe de Gouges is declared an enemy of the Revolution and executed
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Maximilien Robespierre slowly gains power
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Period: to
many radicals who fought to change France in the Revolution received death sentences from Robespierre
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Georges Danton is sentenced to death
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the French army has grown up to 800,000 in number
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Maximilien Robespierre declares that terror "flows" from virtue
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Napoleon Bonaparte fights off French royalists attempting to attack the National Convention
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National Convention drafts a new plan of government
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Period: to
Napoleon Bonaparte slowly begins to gain power in France
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The Directory appoints Napoleon to lead a French army against Austria and the Kingdom of Sardinia
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Britain, Austria, and Russia work together to bring Napoleon from power; they all sign peace agreements with France to end the wars
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Napoleon takes advantage of the Directory's loss over control of the government to seize political power
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Napoleon - by an overwhelming vote from the people - is made the first consul
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Period: to
Napoleon's victories have given him control over most of Europe
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Period: to
major political upheaval in Europe caused mainly by the French Revolution
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Napoleon attmepts to take ack Saint Domingue from the slave revolt, but fails
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Napoleon sends French troops over to Saint Domingue to try and remove L'Ouverture from power
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L'Ouverture agrees to halt the revolutions
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for the first time in a decade, there is widespread peace in Europe
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Toussaint L'Ouverture is accused of planning future uprisings against the French and is imprisoned, where he later dies
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Napoleon sells the Louisiana territory to the Americans for $15 million
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Napoleon declares himself emperor
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the Battle of Austerlitz
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the Battle of Trafalgar
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Napoleon sets up a blockade in hopes of destroying the economy of Britain
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Period: to
the French Empire is undoubtedly the biggest power in Europe but extremely unstable
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Napoleon's army invades Spain and Portugal
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Napoleon attmepts to conquer Spain by placing his brother on the throne; this infuriated th Spanish people and fired up their feelings of nationalism
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Padre Miguel Hidalgo calls for a rebellion against the Spanish
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rebellions break out in multiple parts of Latin America
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Napoleon's wife Marie Louise gives birth to child Napoleon II
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Venezuela declares its independence from Spain
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the Spanish army defeats the uprising of Miguel Hidalgo and his people
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Napoleon and his army march into Russia
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Napoleon's army and Alexander I's army battle at the Battle of Borordino
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Napoleon decides to retreat out of Russia & back to France
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Napoleon makes the grave mistake of attmepting to attack Russia in the winter
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Napoleon controls all of Europe, except for the major lands of Britain, Portugal, Sweden and the Ottoman Empire
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the War of 1812
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the last survivors of the battles against the Russians make it back into France
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Austria declares war on France; many of the large powers of Europe take advantage of France's weakness and attack Napoleon
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Napoleon's forces are easily defeated in January by the forces of Britain, Prussia, Russia, and Sweden, and the united forces advance steadily towards Paris
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Napoleon accepts terms of surrender and is exiled to the island of Elba
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Period: to
The Congress of Vienna
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Napoleon makes his glorious return to France
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Napoleon attacks, beginning the Battle at Waterloo, and later on in the day, the British and and the Prussians defeat Napoleon
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Czar Alexander I, Prussian king Frederick William III and Austrian emperor Francis I sign the Holy Alliance
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France, at this point in time, is very politically divided
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Creole officer Agustin de Iturbide defeats Jose Maria Morelos
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Argentina declares its independence
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Jose de San Martin leads an army on a march across the Andes to Chile
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Simon Bolivar takes his army across the Andes Mountains and, by taking the Spanish army by surprise, is victorious in the following battle
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a liberal group takes power in Spain in a revoltion
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Napoleon dies on iskand of St. Helena
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Bolivar wins Venezuela its independence from Spain
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Jose de San Martin plans to drive the remaining Spanish forces out of Lima, Peru
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Agustin de Iturbide proclaims Mexico's independence from Spain
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multiple Central American states declare their independence from Spain and from Mexico
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Brazil wins independence in a bloodless revolution
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Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin meet and discuss how to drive out remaining Spanish forces
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Creoles demand Brazil's independence from Portugul
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Agustin de Iturbide is overthrown
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Central American states finally receive their independence
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Simon Bolivar, with a larger, unified army (consisting of San Martin's army also), is victorious at the Battle of Ayacucho against the Spanish
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European revolution caused by spirit of the French Revolution
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European revolution caused by spirit of the French Revolution
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French noblemen make eloquent speeches on their love for liberty and equality
