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Period: 1400 to
The Renaissance
Rebirth of European culture beginning in Italy -
Period: 1400 to
European Exploration
The time period when European explores ventured out and "discovered" new lands -
1440
Invention of The Printing Press
Johannes Gutenberg invents the printing press making texts widely accessible -
1498
Sea Route From Europe to Asia is Pioneered
Vasco de Gama successfully sails from Europe to India -
1503
The Mona Lisa is Painted
Leonardo da Vinci paints the Mona Lisa in Florence, Italy -
1508
The Sistine Ceiling is Painted
Michelangelo paints the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Vatican City -
1516
Publishing of the New Testament in Greek
Desiderius Erasmus publishes the New Testament in Greek -
1517
Martin Luther Nails His 95 Theses on the Door of Wittenburg Cathedral
Martin Luther is credited with kicking off the Reformation by nailing his 95 Theses on the door of Wittenburg Cathedral for everyone to see -
Period: 1517 to
The Reformation
The period where Christianity split into two (Catholicism and Protestantism) -
1520
Three Treatises is Written
Martin Luther writes the Three Treatises which helps people open their eyes about the church -
1521
Diet of Worms
Assembly of the Holy Roman Empire in Worms, Germany -
1522
Martin Luther Publishes the New Testament in German
This is significant to The Reformation because now people can interpret the New Testament of the Bible for themselves -
1534
England Breaks Away From Catholicism
In order for King Henry VIII to divorce his wife at the time, he breaks the country away from Catholicism and founded the Church of England which allowed divorces -
1534
The Society of Jesus is Founded
Founded by St. Ignatius de Loyola -
1534
Jacques Cartier Discovers Present-Day Canada
Jacques Cartier discovers present-day Canada for Frace while searching for riches and a rumored Northwest passage to Asia -
1536
Calvin Publishes his Institutes of the Christian Religion
John Calvin published his Institutes of the Christian Religion which educated people on the Protestant faith -
1543
Heliocentric Theory is Invented
Polish mathematician, Nicolaus Copernicus comes up with the Heliocentric Theory kicking off the Scientific Revolution -
Period: 1543 to
Scientific Revolution
The period of questioning ancient beliefs, new experiments, observations, math, scientific instruments, and curiosity -
1545
Council of Trent is held
The Council of Trent, held in Trent, Italy, was a meeting of leaders in the Catholic Church with the purpose of counter-acting The Reformation -
Period: 1550 to
Age of Absolutism
The time when rulers in Europe desired to rule in the form of Absolute Monarchies -
1555
The Peace of Augsburg
A treaty that allowed Catholics and Lutherans to practice their faiths in coexistence -
1559
Queen Elizabeth I Comes Into Power
The start of her reign marked the beginning of the Elizabethan era of England filled with modern thinking and the arts -
1561
Model of St. Peter's Basilica Dome is Completed
Michelangelo, one of the appointed architects, completes the dome model for the Basilica -
William Shakespeare Joins the King's Men
William Shakespeare joins the King's Men where he wrote many of his famous plays -
Galileo Galilei Invents the Telescope
His invention was the beginning of modern astronomy and set the stage for many discoveries about space -
Don Quixote is Published
One of the most famous Spanish novels, Don Quixote was written by Michael de Cervantes -
Discovery of the Circulation of Blood Within the Body
English physician William Harvey discovered the circulation of blood in the body -
Laws of Planetary Motion Invented
German mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer comes up with the Laws of Planetary Motion -
King Louis XIV of France Rebuilt The Palace of Versailles
The old hunting lodge was turned into the palatial royal residency we know today. The costs associated with its building strained the French economy -
Oliver Cromwell Leads the Parliament In the Eng. Civil War
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Period: to
English Civil War
War over England's government between the Parliamentarians and Royalists -
King Louis XIV of France Comes into Power
The sun king came into power beginning 'The age of Louis XIV' -
Thomas Hobbes Writes The Leviathan
One of the more pessimistic figures of the Enlightenment, Hobbes wrote about how governments were there to protect people from themselves -
Charles II Comes into Power
Following Cromwell's death, Charles II becomes King of England. The start of his rule marked 'The Restoration" -
Peter the Great Rules Russia
His rule lasted from 1682 - 1725 and is credited with dragging Russia out of the mid-evil times -
Period: to
The Enlightenment
An intellectual movement influenced by the rise of modern science and religious conflicts coming from the Reformation -
Law of Universal Gravitation is Published
Sir Issac Newton publishes his Law of Universal Gravitation in Principia -
Period: to
The Glorious Revolution
The overthrow of the monarchical government -
King and Queen William and Mary Come Into Power
They allowed Parliament to have more power than them and even gave the people of England a Bill of Rights -
John Locke Writes the Two Treatises on Government
Another core figure in the Enlightenment, Locke came up with the right to life, liberty, and property -
Montesquieu Publishes The Spirit of Laws
Another core person in the Enlightenment, Montesquieu publishes The Spirit of Laws -
Frederick the Great Defeats the Austrians
He increases his lands of Prussia by defeating the Austrians -
Rousseau Writes The Social Contract
Furthering the Enlightenment, in The Social Contract, he writes about how government was a contract between the rulers and the people -
King Louis XIV Calls For an Estates General
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Period: to
The French Revolution
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Storming of the Bastille
People invaded the French prison due to its symbolism of dictatorial rule -
Beginning of the Reign of Terror
Due to Robespierre -
Voltaire Publishes Candide
One of the core people of the Enlightenment, Voltaire published Candide writing against prejudice, superstitions, and intolerance -
Napoleon Bonaparte Becomes the First Emperor of the French
Worthy of note: he crowns himself -
Liberty Leading the People is Painted
Eugène Delacroix paints the iconic painting depicting events of the French Revolution