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Period: 1350 to
The Renaissance
The Renaissance began in Italy. It was an artistic and philosophical movement. -
1440
Johannes Gutenberg
Introduced printing to Europe with the printing press. Around 1439 or 1440. -
Period: 1450 to 1550
European Exploration
A group of circumstances stimulated men to seek new routes
The 3 G’s. God, Glory, Gold -
Nov 13, 1460
Prince Henry of Portugal
Regarded as the patron of Portuguese exploration. Born March 4, 1394 died November 13, 1460 -
Period: 1491 to 1547
King Henry VIII
King of England from 1491 to 1547. Initiated the English Reformation. Separated the Church of England from Papal authority. Established the Church of England in 1534. -
1492
Christopher Columbus
First voyage in 1492. Initiated the permanent European colonization of the New World. -
May 20, 1498
Vasco da Gama
Portuguese explorer, first to reach India by sea. May 20, 1498. -
Period: 1501 to 1504
Michelangelo
Italian sculptor, painter, architect poet. Greatly influenced the development of Western art. Sculpted David. David was started and 1501 and finished in 1504. -
1503
Leonardo da Vinci
Epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideal. Considered one of the greatest painters of all time. Created the Mona Lisa. -
1509
Desiderius Erasmus
Humanist who was the greatest scholar of the northern Renaissance. Wrote Praise of Folly -
1514
Nicolaus Copernicus
Heliocentric planetary system. Around 1514, he shared his findings in the Commentariolus. -
1517
Martin Luther
1517, nailed his 95 theses to the church’s door. -
Period: 1517 to
The Reformation
Started in 1517 with Martin Luther nailing his 95 theses to the church door, he had problems and criticism with indulgences. Questioning and reforming of the church. -
Aug 13, 1521
Hernan Cortes
Spanish Conquistador. Caused the fall of the Aztec empire. Began the first phase of the Spanish colonization of the Americas. August 13, 1521, was victorious in defeating the Aztec empire. -
1522
Ferdinand Magellan
First circumnavigation of the Earth, 1522. Finished by his crew. -
1533
Francisco Pizarro
Spanish conquistador. Conquered the Inca Empire. -
1534
Jacques Cartier
Made 3 voyages along the St. Lawrence river. Set sail in April 1534. Third voyage in August of 1541 -
Aug 15, 1534
St. Ignatius de Loyola
Spanish Basque priest and theologian. Founded the Jesuits. -
Period: 1543 to
The Scientific Revolution
Causes of the Sci. Rev., new Experiments, new observations, curiosity, questioning ancient beliefs, new scientific instruments, new math. -
Period: 1558 to
Elizabeth I
Last monarch of the House of Tudor. Established the English Protestant Church. Defeated the Spanish armada in 1588. Ruled from Nov. 1558 until March 1603. -
Francis Drake
Second circumnavigation of the globe. From 1577 to 1580. First to complete the voyage as captain through the entire trip. Awarded knighthood in 1581. Second in command with england in the battle of the spanish armada, which england won in 1588. -
Period: to
Absolute Monarchy
Rulers in Europe were trying to claim P.O.W.E.R.
P - Power and authority came from God
O - Only God could hold them responsible
W - Were in charge of both church and state
E - European kings ruled by reason
R - Rulers called this the Divine Rights of Kings doctrine -
Johannes Kepler
Key figure in the sci. Rev. Known for his laws on planetary motion. First published twice in 1609 and the third in 1619. -
Galileo Galilei
Italian polymath. Most important discoveries were in the field of physics. First saw the moons of Jupiter on January 1610. -
William Shakespeare
Regarded as the greatest writer in the English language. Wrote many plays and sonnets. Some of the most famous were Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet. He wrote most of his plays between 1590 and 1613. -
Miguel de Cervantes
Spanish writer widely regarded as the greatest writer in the spanish language. Wrote Don Quixote pub. 1615. -
Period: to
Thirty Years' War
A war during the Reformation that lasted 30 years. -
John Calvin
Theologian during the Protestant Reformation. Principal figure in the creation of Calvinism. -
Period: to
Charles I
March 1625 until his execution in 1649. -
William Harvey
In 1628 he published in Frankfurt his completed treatise on the circulation of the blood. -
Period: to
English Civil War
Series of armed conflicts between Parliamentarians and Royalists over the English government. -
Period: to
Louis XIV
Louis the Great, the Sun King. King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715, had the longest reign from 1643 until 1715. -
Thomas Hobbes
English philosopher, scientist, and historian, best known for Leviathan, pub. 1651. -
Oliver Cromwell
Ruled after Charles I from 1653 until his death -
Period: to
Charles II
Restoration of the monarchy in 1660 until his death in 1685. -
Isaac Newton
1670s: Newton works on the mathematics of gravitation in his home in Cambridge. -
Peter the Great
1682 until his death. -
Period: to
The Enlightenment
An intellectual movement influenced by the rise of modern science and the religious conflict coming from the Reformation -
Period: to
The Glorious Revolution
The replacement of James the second with William of Orange and Mary. -
William and Mary
Early in 1689, the English Parliament formally offered William and Mary the throne as joint monarchs, an event known as the 'Glorious Revolution'. -
John Locke
English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism". 2 treatises on gov. Dec. 1689. -
Period: to
Frederick the Great
King of Prussia from 1740 until 1786. -
Baron de Montesquieu
French political philosopher whose principal work, The Spirit of Laws, was a major contribution to political theory. Published in 1748. -
Jean Jacques Rousseau
French philosopher and writer of the Age of Enlightenment. Social Contract theory published in 1762. -
Period: to
Louis XVI
Ruled from the 10th of May 1774 until the 4th of September 1791. -
Period: to
The French Revolution
A period of social and political upheaval in France. -
Voltaire
French philosopher and writer of the Age of Enlightenment. Candide - January 1795. -
Period: to
Napoleon Bonaparte
French military leader and emperor who conquered much of Europe in the early 19th century. -
Period: to
Eugene Delacroix
French Romantic artist. Leader of the French Romantic school. Became known as a leading figure of the French Romantic era of the 19th century.
