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Period: 1300 to
Renaissance
Cultural era that started in Italy, that included paintings, poetry, literature, sculptures, etc. ex. Michelangelo - Italian Sculptor, Painter, and Architect
William Shakespeare - English poet and playwright -
1440
Johannes Gutenberg
German Blacksmith, and introduced printing to Europe -
Period: 1450 to
European Exploration
European Countries sent sailors and explorers on voyages in search of Gold and Glory, and also to spread their religion around the world.
ex. Prince Henry - He sponsored trips, continued geographical info, map making, and navigation. -
1492
Christopher Columbus
Navigator who went on 4 voyages for Spain, and discovered America -
May 20, 1498
Vasco da Gama
First European Explorer to reach India by sea -
1503
Leonardo Da Vinci
Italian polymath who liked inventions and paintings. Painter of Mona Lisa -
1505
Desiderius Erasmus
Dutch Humanist and scholar, also edited the New Testament -
1508
Nicolaus Copernicus
Reformation Mathematician and Astronomer.
Started Heliocentric Model Theory -
1517
Martin Luther
Believed ultimate authority was the Bible, and he nailed his 95 Theses to his church's door. -
Period: 1517 to
Reformation
People didn't agree to how the catholic church was being run, and this whole era was based on them trying to fix it.
ex. John Calvin - Believed in predestination, people should have a work ethic that honors God, and his ideas started a theocracy in Swtizerland -
1518
Hernando Cortes
Spanish Conquistador, and conquered Aztec Empire -
1519
Ferdinand Magellan
Portugal Explorer who discovered the Western Route -
1533
Francisco Pizarro
Spanish Conquistador who overthrew the Incan Empire -
1534
Henry VIII
King of England and he resented the pope, so he made his own church, The Anglican Church. The Anglican Church was like his previous one, but it had no pope. -
1534
St. Ignatus de Loyola
Spanish Priest, founded the Society of Jesus -
1534
Jacques Cartier
Breton Explorer and claimed Canada for France -
Period: 1550 to
Scientific Revolution
Science, present day, was greatly impacted by the major scientists in this revolution and their discoveries. -
1558
Elizabeth I
After King Henry VIII, she combined catholic styles and protestant teachings, and made the Anglican Church an official state church. -
1580
Francis Drake
English Captain who completed the 2nd Circumnavigation -
Miguel de Cervantes
Published La Galatea -
Johannes Kepler
Important Scientific Revolution Figure, German Astronomer, and Mathematician. Started Kepler's First Laws Theory -
Galileo Galilei
Italian Polymath who discovered Jupiter's 4 Largest Moons -
Period: to
Absolute Monarchies
This is roughly a 180 year time span of major rulers in European countries. -
William Harvey
1st Person to discover blood circulation in the body -
Charles I
Monarch of England, Scotland, and Ireland for 29 years until he was executed -
Period: to
English Civil War
The English Civil War was between King Charles I and Parliament. Parliament, or Puritans, wanted power, but Charles I disagreed, and arrested parliament. After Charles I was executed, Cromwell took over as dictator, but after his death Charles II became king. -
Period: to
The Enlightenment
This time period was an intellectual movement, with changes in modern science and religious conflict. It emphasized self expression and human fulfillment, and also led to the American Revolution and French Revolution. -
Thomas Hobbes
Wrote Leviathan -
Oliver Cromwell
Lord Protector of the Commonwealth (England, Scotland, Ireland) for 5 years -
Charles II
King of Scotland for 2 years, and then took over the monarchy of England, Scotland, Ireland for 15 years -
Isaac Newton
Developed the 3 Laws of Motions -
Louis XIV
King of France, also known as the Sun King, and built the Palace of Versailles from a Hunting Lodge -
Peter the Great
Ruled Russian Empire -
Period: to
Glorious Revolution
The Glorious Revolution was after King Charles I was executed. The puritans were against King James II. The motives were economic distress, enlightened ideas, nationalism, religious intolerance, social injustice, and unpopular method of law. They took over England from King James II. -
William and Mary
Ruled England together for 13 years -
John Locke
Wrote Two Treatises on Gov't -
Fredrick the Great
Ruled Prussia for 46 years, and he was the longest ruling Hohenzollem king that has ruled -
Baron de Montesquieu
Known for Separation of Powers and contributed to the publishing of "The Spirit of Laws". -
Voltaire
Writer in the Enlightenment, most famous for the Candide -
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Wrote the Social Contract -
Louis XVI
Last King of France -
Period: to
French Revolution
This 10 year time period started with the storming of the Bastille, a prison in France. -
Napoleon Bonaparte
French Military Leader, Final Battle was at Waterloo -
Delacroix
Painter in the Renaissance, Most famous painting - "Massacres of Chios"
