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Period: Jan 28, 1380 to
Chapter 19-20 Events
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Mar 4, 1394
Prince Henry of Portugal is Born
"Henry the Navigator" played an important role in politics in the 15th-century in the early days of Portuguese Empire. He was also credited for being the intiator of the Age of Discoveries. -
Period: Jan 1, 1400 to
Chapter 17- Renaissance and Reformation
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Jul 14, 1402
Yonglo becomes Ming Emperor
Yonglo was the reason Zheng He had the chance to go on the voyages he did. Zheng He helped make Yonglo's empire very powerful. -
Jul 11, 1405
Zheng He captains his first voyage
He can thank Yonglo for much of his success, because without him, he never would have had the chance to go on his voyage. He helped Yonglo's empire grow to become very powerful. -
Jan 1, 1450
Johan Gutenberg invents the Printing Press
This machine used letter cut outs that were then covered in ink, and once pressure was applied the words would be on the paper. THis sped up book copying and caused the cost of books to decrease. -
Jan 1, 1453
The Hundred Year's War Ends
This was a struggle between England and France. this 116 year long war was over the succesion of the French throne. -
May 29, 1453
Fall of Constantinople to the Turks
The Fall of Constantinople was the capture of the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. This event marked the end of the Roman Empire. -
Mar 12, 1488
B. Dias reaches Cape of Good Hope
He was the first European known to reach this point. This exepidition gave Portugal the advantage for this land. -
Jan 2, 1492
Ferdinand and Isabella end war with Muslims
All of Granada's Muslims were obliged to either convert to Christianity, become slaves, or be exiled. This is considered to be the final war of the Reconquista. -
Oct 12, 1492
C. Columbus spots land in North America
Christopher Columbus planned on reaching Asia, but he hit the Americas. His voyages intiatated the Spanish Colonization of the New World. -
May 20, 1498
Vasco da Gama lands in India
He was the first European to reach India by sea. This gave Portugal the opportunity to create a long-lasting colonial empire in Asia. -
Jul 2, 1498
Spain and Portugal agree to to Treaty of Tordesillas
This treaty split the lands off the coast of Africa between Spanish and Portuguese rule. The land east of the line was ruled by Portugal, and the west section was ruled by Spain. -
Jan 1, 1499
Amerigo Vespucci charts New World coast
It was first known as the New World because it was a new land mass that was for the most part unknown. It was later renamed America after Amerigo and his contribution to its exploration. -
Period: Mar 4, 1500 to
Chapter 21 Events
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Period: Apr 1, 1500 to
Chapter 22: The Enlightenment
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Jan 1, 1503
Leonardo DaVinci starts the Mona Lisa
This painting is known as, "the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the world". Davince never really finished this painting, and was adding to it until he passed away. -
Jan 1, 1503
Nicolaus Copernicus begins studying planetary movement
Copernicus was an astronomer and mathematician that formulated a model of the universe that relocated the sun to the center , instead of the earth. Nicolaus Copernicus made major contributions to the Scientific Revolution, and triggered what is known as the Copernican Revolution. -
Sep 8, 1504
Donatello creates his David statue
This is a figure that represents the biblical hero David. This statue became a symbol of defense of the civil liberties of the Republic of Florence. -
Jan 1, 1508
Michelangelo paints the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
This is a major event because of how big of a project it was. Michelangelo spent a lot of time and effort on this massive painting. -
Jan 1, 1509
Rapheal paints School of Athens
This is one of the most famous frescoes by the Italian Renaissance artist Raphael. This painting represents Philosophy, and was thought to be the second painting he finished in the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican. -
Oct 31, 1517
Martin Luther posts his 95 Thesis
This is a list of all the wrong doings of the Catholic church that Martin Luther posted on the door of the church of Wittenberg. This is widely known as the initial catalyst for the Protestant Reformation. -
Feb 18, 1519
H. Cortez lands on Mexican coast
He was the explorer that brought horses to the Americas. Cortez also eliiminated the Aztec Empire and claimed Mexico for Spain. -
Apr 1, 1522
First slave revolts in Hispaniola
This is the first of many failed attempts of revolting slaves. This uprising starts many more revolts and gives other people courage to try and revolt. -
Jan 1, 1532
Machiavelli writes The Prince
This was first published usignthe title De Principatibus that is latin; the printed version was published in 1532. This work is sometimes known as the on of the first works of modern philosophy. -
Nov 15, 1532
F. Pizzaro meets Atahualpa
Pizarro's victory at Cajamarca effectively marked the end of the Inca Empire and the beginning of the European colonization of South America. -
Mar 4, 1533
21' Ivan the Terrible comes to throne
Ivan ruled and made many rash decisions because he was a very paranoid man. His legacy is quite two sided, because he is remembered because he was a great ruler, but due to his paranoia, he did many things that were cruel and harsh. -
Jul 24, 1534
Jacques Cartier claims land in Canada
When he first claimed this, he lied and said it was unimportant. But when he returned to France, he was seen as very successful, and he was proud. -
May 19, 1536
Anne Bolyn is excuted
She was the Second wife of King Henry VIII and was queen from 1533 to 1536. SHe was found gulity of high treason on May 15th of 1536, and was beheaded 4 days after. -
Sep 27, 1540
Ignatius of Loyola founds the Jesuit order
This shows a change in the church. At this time it sarts to shift back towards education. -
Jan 28, 1547
Edward VI
Edward became king at age nine. He was England's first monarch to be raised as a Protestant. -
Jul 1, 1553
Mary I becomes Queen
Mary was queen from the July of 1553 until the day she died. She is known for her Restoration in Roman Catholicism. She is known as "Bloody Mary." -
Mar 4, 1556
21' Defeat of the Spanish Armada
King Phillip II sent out 130 ships that carried 19,000 soldiers towards the English Channel, but England was ready. This defeat not only caused a major blow to Spain's dominance, but it also opened the way for the rest of Europe to venture to the Americas. -
Mar 4, 1556
21' Charles V retires to a monastery
When he did this he divided his empire among his brother (Ferdinand) and his son (Phillip). If thus wouldn't have occurred, Phillip wouldn't have as much control because, die to this, his landholdings were so large. -
Nov 17, 1558
Elizabeth I becomes Queen
Elizabeth was the 5th and the last monarch of the Tudor dynasty. SHe held the Throne for 44 years, and provided stability for the kingdom. -
Mar 4, 1574
21' William of Orange floods the city of Leiden
This was a desperate step to force Spanish troops out of the city. If William wouldn't have done this, then the provinces of the Netherlands never would have been able to unite and declare their independence from Spain. -
21' Henry IV becomes king
Henry was the first kind of the Bourbon dynasty in France. He worked very hard to heal and rebuild France, and even had a declaration of religious toleration called the Edict of Nantes to show that his main goal was to unite his people of France. -
English East India Company is founded
Wealthy merchants and aristocrats owned the Company's shares, and government only had indirect control. The company eventually came to rule large areas of India with its own private armies, exercising military power and assuming administrative functions. -
Dutch East India Company is founded
This company is considered to have been the first multinational corporation in the world, and also is the first to issue stock. It was very powerful, and even had the ability to establish colonies. -
Johannes Kepler mathematically proves Copernicus and Brahe
Johannes Kepler was a German mathematician, atronomer, and astrologer; he also made major contributions to the Scientific Revolution. Kepler is known for his laws of planetary motion, and he provided the foundation for Isaac Newton's theory of universal gravitation. -
Henry Hudson is last seen
Hudson and his crew went to shore for the winter, and once it was okay to sail again, they set out again. But Hudson's crews' desire for home was strong, but they pressed on, and lost their lives for it. -
William Shakespeare dies
Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613. HIs plays are still very widely known and preformed today. -
21' Thirty Years' War begins
This was a conflict over religion, territory, and for power among European ruling families, it was ended by the Peace of Westphalia. This war took a major financial toll on all competing powers, and took the greatest toll on Germany. -
Galileo publishes his many findings in Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems
Galileo was an Italian physicist, mathematician, engineer, astronomer, and philosopher who played a very improtant role in the Scientific Revolution. His many findings allowed him to make many improvements to several scientific instruments that are still used today. -
21' Louis XIV becomes king
When he became king, he was only a five year old boy, but had a lot of help until 1661. When he was 23 he finally took control of the government. His harsh rein was nothing to be celebrated; what was worth celebrating though was his death, because it was finally over. -
Thomas Hobbes outlines the social contract in Levianthan
Thomas Hobbes was an English philosopher that was best known for his contributions to the political philosophy. His book made the foundation for later Western political philosophy. -
21' Charles II becomes king
Charles reign was crucial to the rights of the English. Since he followed Cromwell in ruling, Charles lifted the bans on theater, sporting events, and dancing. -
New Netherlands becomes New York
The Duke of York decided that the place he gained in his great victory deserved a new, HIS name. Even though he didnt even fight for it at all. -
Habeus Corpus is passed
This was a document that made it so monarchs couldn't put people in jail for opposing the ruler, and it also made it illegal for prisoners to be held indefinitely. This act is still in place today. -
La Salle claim Mississippi River for Spain
He originally wanted to set up the colony at the mouth if the river, but inaccurate measurements cuased him to land here. His colony faced many harsh conditions, incuding hostile natives, epidemics, and harsh conditions. -
Isaac Newton published his laws of gravity in Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy
Isaac Newton was one of the most influencial scientists of the Scientific Revolution. Almost all of his formulas and laws are still around today, and his contribution to the mathematical field was immense. -
John Locke justifies rebellion in in Two Treatises on Government
John Locke was known as the 'Father of Classical Liberalism' and was also one of the most influencial thinkers of the Enlightenment period. The Two Treatises of Government attacked patriarchism and showed his ideas on a betterment of society based on natural laws and the contract theory. -
21' Bill of Rights is passed
This document was passed during the Glorious Revolution. The Bill of Rights really restricted monarchs power and designated what power parliament has. -
21' Peter the Great becomes ruler of Russia
He got his people involved in many wars, but they were successful and paid off in the end. He westernized his people, and made a lasting impact in Russian government. -
21' Russia gains a piece of the Baltic coast
This was not just any piece, it was so important that was gained in the Great Northern War. This occurrence allowed Russia to lock in their security of the Baltic Sea, and they built Saint Petersburg, and expanded their trading immensely.
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Voltaire is Exiled to England
Voltaire was actually exiled many times, but his 3rd time he decided he would stay for three years. Although it was risky, Voltaire remained outspoken, and even if it caused him to flee, he always gave his opinion through many works he published. -
21' War of Austrian Succession Begins
This war was basically because people didn't believe that Maria Theresa was the the person next in lime for the throne, and it involved most powers of Europe. It finally ended with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748, and Maria Theresa was confirmed as the rightful leader. -
Denis Diderot publishes the first volumes of his Encytclopedia
The above all reason that this encyclopedia is so well remembered is because it was the first to reflect the Enlightenment. He mainly wanted to achieve this to spread this information to lots of people, and maybe even the generations to come. -
Seven Years' War begins
This war became a global fought war. It changes the relationships between Britain, France, Spain, and their overseas colonies, along with Native Americans in North America. -
21' Seven Years' War begins
This war was fought all over the globe. It caused some major tension between France, Spain, and and Britain -
Mary Wollstonecraft is born
Mary was an English writer, philospher, and advocate of women's rights. Today, she is known as one of the founding feminist philosphers, and feminists often catorgize her work and life as very influencial and important. -
The start of the Partition of Poland
This was a series of three partitions that basically wiped Poland off the map. The main result was that Poland was not Poland for 123 years. -
Catherine the Great puts down the serf Rebellion
Catherine used the nobles to help control the serfs. She promised the nobles autority over the serfs in exchange for their political cooperation. -
British Army and American Militia exchange fire at Lexington, Massachusetts
These were the first open armed battles between America's 13 colonies and the Kingdon of Great Britian. These were the first battles that led to the Revolutionary War. -
Declaration of Independence is signed
This is when the thirteen colonies declared their independence form Great Britian. 'Murica, that is all. -
Joseph II abolishes serfdom in Austria
This act aimed to abolish certain parts of the traditional serfdom system. When Joseph II passed this, he took away the long-established mastery of the landlord, which allowed serfs to be more independent. -
Delegates at the Constitutional Convention sign the Constitution
There 70 delegates all together, but some refused to sign it, so only 55 actually signed our constitution. What is interesting is that men of all ages were delegates.
