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Apr 12, 1516
Charles V of Spain
Charles was born in the city of Ghent to Juana of Castile, daughter of King Ferdinand and Isabella of Castile. In 1516, Charles became king of Spain, but it was in 1519, when his grandfather died, he became heir to the Hapsburg Empire. Ruling two empires was hard, so Charles divided his empire and gave Hapsburg to his brother and Spain to Philip, his son who was soon known as Philip II. -
Apr 12, 1554
Philip marries Mary Tudor
When Mary was looking for a husband, her cousin, Charles V suggested she marry his only son, Phillip of Spain. At that time, Mary's sister Elizabeth was in the Tower of London as a prisoner that way she wouldn't try to steal her sisters throne. Phillip convinced Mary to let her sister free, he was convinced it was for his benifit to have a good relationship with Elizabeth just in case she became monarch. Spain and England were allies up until Mary's death in 1558. -
The Armada Sails for England
Elizabeth I of England had been helping the Dutch against Spain. She encouraged her explorers to steal Spanish cities in the Americas. In 1588, more than 130 ships sailed from Spain to England with over 20,000 men. The Spanish though they would win, whoever, strong winds favored the English, which led to a victory for England. -
Henry IV
In 1589, Huguenot prince, Henry IV inherited the French Throne. -
Edict of Nantes
In 1598, Henry IV passed the Edict of Nantes. This was basically a group of documents establishing civil rights for the Huguenots and Calvinist Protestants within France. It granted religious freedom anywhere but in Paris.This did stop the wars withing France, however the Catholics and Protestants still had rancor. -
Elizabeth I of England dies
Queen of England died mostly because of blood poisoning, and many other causes. -
Henry IV's death
Henry IV of France was killed by an assassin. -
Cardinal Richelieu is Appointed Chief Minister
When Henry IV of Frances was killed in 1610, his only son, Louis XIII had to inherite the throne, at only 9 years of age. In 1624, Louis appointed Cardinal Richelieu as his chief minister. Richelieu worked to extend royal power by destroying the power of the Huguenots and nobles. He also picked his succesor in 1643, who served as chief minister to Louis XIV a year later when Richelieu died and Louis XIV inherited the throne. His successor, Mazarin, tried to extend royal power as well. -
Charles I of Spain inherits the throne
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Louis XIV inherits the throne
Louis XIV was only five years old when he inherited the throne. -
Peace of Westphalia
Peace of Westphalia was a peace treaty between the Spanish and the Dutch in 1643. This peace traty put an end to the Thirty Years' War between Protestants and Catholics. What this treaty meant was that Europe would not unite under one emperor. It involved many people-The Peace of Westphalia treaties involved the Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand III, of the House of Habsburg, the Kingdom of Spain, the Kingdom of France, the Swedish Empire, the Dutch Republic and many more. -
Charles I of England calls himself martyr and is executed
Under his own command, Charles I of England had his head chopped in front of a crew. The execution took place at Whitehall on a scaffold in front of the Banqueting House. Charles was separated from the people by large ranks of soldiers, and his last speech reached only those with him on the scaffold. The last thing he said was, "I am the martyr of the people." -
Charles II is back in London
The Newly selected English Parliament invites Charles II back to England after being exiled. Charles spent the next nine years in exile in France, the United Provinces and the Spanish Netherlands. Cheering crowds welcomed Charles II back to London. After his return, the country was in much better condition. -
Louis XIV revokes the Edict of Nantes
The Edict remained unaltered for a period of eight years. During Louis XIV's reign, he renounced the Edict and declared Protestantism illegal. This, commonly called the 'revocation of the Edict of Nantes,' did no good to France. 400,000 Protestants chose to leave France, Later, more Edicts were launched but France became a bit damaged after the revokation. -
English Bill of Rights is Established
The English Bill of Right was another declaration like the old Declaration of Rights in 1688. This declaration asked people to be sovereigns of England. The Bill of Rights tells limits on the power of the king or queen. It also sets out the rights of Parliament and rules for freedom of speech in Parliament. This became a very influent piece of history, now England had a diferent law paper to follow. -
Peter the Great takes over Russia
His great aim was to "build a bridge between Europe and Asia," and make Russia a more modern country. To help him to do this, he spent two years travelling in Europe, working with his own hands as a ship's carpenter, attending lectures on surgery, inspecting flour and paper mills and printing. He planted the westernization in the whole country, which was a great thing for Russia. -
Peter the Great embarked to a voyage to western education
He embarked on a journey to Western Europe called the "Grand Embassy". While there, he worked on a European ship and saw how Europe operated as a country. Peter also believed the Western Europe was greater than anything he had ever seen before and therefore wanted his homeland of Russia to be the same. He introduced Western-style clothing, as well as European fine arts. He reorganized Russia's military based on the style of Europe. Russia was under westernization. -
Peter the Great's death
Peter the Great died and left a mixed legacy before himself. He died between four and five in the morning 8 February 1725. An autopsy revealed his bladder to be infected with gangrenes. He was fifty-two years, seven months old when he died, having reigned forty-two years. -
Frederick II is crowned King of Prussia
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Poland is divided by three parts.
Catherine the Great, Frederick the Great, and Emperor Joseph II divided Polandinto three parts. This is known as "Partitions of Poland". The effect it had on people were none, it was neither positive or negative for the crowd. Royals were very ahppy with this partition.
