-
Period: 1096 to 1291
Crusades are Fought
The Crusades were a series of religious and political wars fought between 1096 and 1291 for control of the Holy Land. Pope Urban II initiated the First Crusade (1096–1102) in order to aid the Christian Byzantine Empire, which was under attack by Muslim Seljuk Turks.As a result of this crusade, Europeans captured Jerusalem in 1099. It remained under the Europeans control up until the twentieth century.. -
1337
100 Year War Begins
The Hundred Year War was a long struggle between England and France over succession to the French throne. It lasted from 1337 to 1453, so it might more accurately be called the 116 Years' War. The struggle keeps on see-sawing back and forth. In the 1360's the french are winning. Then from 1415-1422 the English are winning. Then finally the french finally won and didn't lose control. -
1347
Black Death Begins in Europe
The Black Death begun in Europe in October of 1347. It was brought to Europe by sea. This happened when 12 Genoese trading ships docked at the Sicilian port of Messina. The people who greeted the ships at the port were met with a horrible surprise. Most of the people on the ships were dead, and those who were still alive were very ill. -
1350
Renaissance Begins
The Renaissance is generally considered to have started in Florence, Italy around the years 1350 to 1400. The start of the Renaissance also was the end of the Middle Ages.At the start of the Renaissance, Italy was divided up into a number of powerful city-states. These were areas of land that were ruled by a large city. Each city-state had its own government. -
May 30, 1431
Joan of Arc burned at the Stake
According to historians, Joan of Arc was 19 when she was burned at the stake in Rouen by the English. She was burned for being a heretic. She heard voices and people called her a witch and was ordered to be burned alive. -
1436
Johannes Gutenberg invents printing press
Johannes Gutenberg was a businessman from the mining town of Mainz in southern Germann, got money to invent the machine. Gutenberg invented the printing press with moveable letters in 1436. In Europe, the arrival of movable type printing introduced mass communication which permanently altered the structure of society. Movable keys was a marked improvement on the handwritten manuscript and made European bookmaking better. It was a key role in the development of the Renaissance. -
May 29, 1453
Fall of Constantinople
The Fall of Constantinople was the capture of the Byzantine Empire by the army of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans were commanded to do this by the 21-year-old conqueror. The conquest of Constantinople followed a 53 day siege. This begun on 6 April, 1453. The end of Constantinople is quoted as the event that marked the end of the European Middle Ages. -
Nov 1, 1478
Start of the Spanish Inquisition
The Inquisition was originally intended primarily to identify heretics among those who converted from Judaism and Islam to Catholicism. The regulation of the faith of newly converted Catholics was intensified after the royal decrees issued in 1492 and 1502 ordering Jews and Muslims to convert to Catholicism or leave Spain.[1] The Inquisition was not definitively abolished until 1834, during the reign of Isabella II, after a period of declining influence in the preceding century. -
Period: Jun 28, 1491 to Jan 28, 1547
King Henry VIII Reign
King Henry was the king of England for 28 years. He was the second Tudor Monarch, behind his father. King Henry was married to Catherine Parr for 4 years. He also had 6 kids. During his reign he greatly expanded royal power. -
Oct 12, 1492
Christopher Columbus Lands in New World
Columbus sat sail on August 3rd, 1492 with three smalls ships. Land was sighted on October 12th, and the crew went ashore the same day. Christopher Columbus claimed this land for Spain. This land is known as present day Venezuela. Later that month he also spotted Cuba. -
1503
Mona Lisa Completed
The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo De Vinci. He began painting it in 1503 and finished in 1506. The Mona Lisa is a half-length portrait. The painting is thought to be a portrait of Lisa Gherardini. It is the most valuable painting in the world. -
1508
Michelangelo Begins painting the Sistine Chapel
The Sistine Chapel ceiling, painted by Michelangelo between 1508 and 1512, is a cornerstone work of High Renaissance art. The ceiling is that of the Sistine Chapel, the large papal chapel built within the Vatican between 1477 and 1480 by Pope Sixtus IV, for whom the chapel is named. -
Oct 31, 1517
Martin Luther posts 95 theses
the priest and scholar Martin Luther approaches the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany, and nails a piece of paper to it containing the 95 revolutionary opinions that would begin the Protestant Reformation. -
1519
Cortez conquers the aztecs
Hernan Cortez invaded Mexico in 1519. He conquered the aztec empire in 152. In doing this, he claimed Mexico for Spain. Cortez was interest in converting the natives to christianity. He also helped colonize Cuba and became a governor of New Spain. -
1532
The Prince
The Prince is a 16th century political treatise written by Niccoló Machiavelli. An earlier vision seems to be published in 1513 using a latin title. The printed version was not published till 5 years after Machiavelli's death. In the book he described immoral behavior as being normal and effective in politics. The book is roughly 100 pages long. -
Period: 1533 to 1547
Ivan the Terrible's Reign
Ivan lV was the Grand Prince of Moscow. He was on the throne from 1533 to 1547. He is commonly known as Ivan the Terrible. He was prone to episodic outbreaks of mental instability, that increased with his age. He even killed his own son, because he did not like what his wife was wearing. -
Period: Sep 17, 1533 to
Queen Elizabeths reign
Elizabeth l was queen of England and Ireland. She took the throne on 17, November 1558. Elizabeth was queen until she died on 24, March 1603. She was also called the The Virgin Queen. Elizabeth was the last monarch of the House of Tudor. -
Period: 1545 to 1563
Counter Reformation
The Counter Reformation is also called the Catholic Reformation. It was in response to the Protestant Reformation. The Counter Reformation began with the Council of Trent and ended with ended at the close of the Thirty Years' War. It was a comprehensive effort composed of five major elements. They are; Reactionary Defense of Catholic sacramental practice, Ecclesiastical or structural reconfiguration, Religious orders, Spiritual movements, and Political dimensions. -
1555
Peace of Augsburg
The Peace of Augsburg was a temporary settlement within the Holy Roman Empire of the religious conflict arising from the Reformation. It was signed in September 155 in the imperial city of Augsburg. It officially ended the religious struggles between the two groups. It also allowed leaders to choose either Lutheranism or Roman Catholicism as the official confession of their state. This ultimately reaffirmed their sovereignty over those domains. -
Spanish Armada
The Spanish Armada was a Spanish fleet of 130 ships. They sailed from La Coruña. This happened in August 1588. It was under the command of the Duke Medina Sidonia. This was with the purpose of escorting an army of flanders to invade England. -
Edict of Nantes
The Edict of Nantes was signed by King Henry lV. He signed it in April 1598. This document granted the Calvinist Protestants of France substantial rights in the nation. This was still considered essentially catholic at the time. The edict also separated civil from religious unity. -
Period: to
Era of the Samurai
The samurai were the warriors of early Japan. They later make up the ruling military class. The Samurai used a range of weapons such as bows and arrows, spears and guns. The main weapon and symbol of the samurai is the sword. Samurai lived their lives according to the ethic code of bushido. -
William Shakespeare's Death
It is still unknown on how he died exactly but there have been "theories" about how he passed. There was an outbreak of the "new fever" in 1616 which was the year that he died. He did live to be 52 which was a relatively a long and healthy life because the average person lived to be around 35 years old. -
William Shakespeare's Death
William Shakespeare died on August 23rd, 1616. He died on his 52nd birthday. HIs grave remains at the Holy Trinity Church. Shakespeare was buried in the same place he was baptized. To this day, the actual cause of his death still remains a mystery. -
Petition of Rights
The Petition of Rights was passed on 7 June, 1628. It contains restrictions on non-parliamentary taxation and forced billeting of soldiers. It also contains restrictions on imprisonment without cause and the use of martial law. It is a major English constitutional document that sets out specific liberties of the subject that the king is prohibited from infringing. In 1628 Parliament forced the king to assent to the Petition of Rights. -
Period: to
Slave Trade
In 1807, the government passed an Act of Parliament abolishing the slave trade. Slavery still persisted until 1838 when it was finally abolished for good. Slave Trade in Britain was the most dominant between 1640 and 1807. It is estimated that the British transported 3.1 million African Americans to the British colonies, North and South America and other countries. -
King Charles the First Executed
King Charles l was beheaded for treason. This event happened on January 30, 1649. The beheading took lace in London. Charles ascended to the English throne in 1625 following the death of his father. In his first year of reign, he offended his Protestant subjects by marrying a Catholic French princess. -
Period: to
Opium War
The Opium Wars were two wars in the mid 19 century. They involved Chinese disputes over British trade in China. Also involving China's sovereignty. These wars weakened the Qing dynasty. They also forced China to trade with other parts of the world.
