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Period: 60,000 BCE to
Start of Human History to Modern Day
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10,000 BCE
Agricultural Revolution
The prehistoric transition from nomadic hunting and gathering to agriculture and permanent settlements (also known as the Neolithic Revolution). This also included the domestication of animals such as the horse, donkey, and cattle. -
7500 BCE
Organized Cities
Due to the food surplus created by the agricultural revolution, population grew which resulted in the creation of cities. This meant the development of a written language, government, and specialization of labor. -
3000 BCE
Intracontinental Trade
Ebla was a prominent trading center during the third millennia, with a network reaching into Anatolia and north Mesopotamia. Materials used for creating jewelry were traded with Egypt since 3000 BCE. -
1200 BCE
Metallurgy
Metallurgy is the process of working with metal to create tools. The process was invented by the Hittites in about 1200 BC. This was the beginning the Iron Age. -
30
Death of Christ
The crucifixion of Jesus occurred in 1st century Judea. Jesus' crucifixion is described in the New Testament. According to the gospels, Jesus was arrested, tried, and sentenced by Pontius Pilate to be crucified by the Romans. He was then hung between two convicted thieves, and died about six hours later. The Bible describes seven statements that Jesus made while he was on the cross, and the supernatural events that occurred afterwards. -
330
The Rise of the Byzantine Empire
Constantinople:
-Emperor Constantine was worried about the growing power of Germanic tribes so he moved Rome’s capital to Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople
Benefits of Constantinople:
-Distance from Germanic Invasions in the Western Empire
-Protection from Eastern Frontier
-Crossroads of trade/ Natural Harbor encouraged sea trade
-Easily Fortified site on Peninsula
-Preserved classical Greco-Roman culture
Fall of Constantinople= Ottoman Conquest in 1453 (new tech: Gunpowder/guns/cannons) -
Period: 378 to 476
Decline of the Roman Empire
Reasons for the eventual Fall of Rome:
I. Economic/Political instability:
A.) Limitless spending= Emperors bankrupted treasuries, Inflation, Emperors continue to raise taxes
B.) Food Shortages=Overworked soil/Farmland destroyed by war = decreased fertility, High taxes=farmers out of business
C.) Legions Weaken=Roman Legions stretched thin to defend borders, Legions fighting each other to put commanders on the throne, Use of foreign mercenaries=decline of discipline in legions -
410
The Fall of Rome: The Attack of the Visigoths
III. Barbarian Invasions
A.) Germanic Tribes enter Rome for warmer climate, better grazing/agricultural lands, desire for Roman Wealth, and Fleeing Huns
B.) The Visigoths Invade the Roman Empire to flee the Huns
1.) Visigoths defeat Roman Legions at the Battle of Adrianople 2.) Alaric- 410 A.D. (Visigoth King) leads Visigoths to sack Rome then retreat into Gaul -
476
The Fall of Rome: The Attack of the Vandals
D.) The Vandals destroy Rome
1.) 455 A.D.-Vandals raid/sack Rome for good
2.) Franks/Goths divide Gaul 3.) Western Empire Ends in 476 A.D. 4.) Last Roman Emperor=Romulus Augustus-Overthrown by Germanic General Odoacer
5.) Eastern Empire= Byzantine Empire- Beginning of Byzantine Empire/medieval times -
Period: 1346 to 53
The Bubonic Plague (The Black Death)
Impact of the Black Death on Asian/European economic/social institutions:
≥ Decline in population
≥ Scarcity of Labor
≥ Towns freed from feudal obligations
≥ Decline of church influence
≥ Disruption of trade -
1492
Columbus' First Voyage
Christopher Columbus departed on his first voyage from the port of Palos in southern Spain, on August 3, 1492, in command of three ships: the Niña, the Pinta and the Santa Maria. -
Period: 1500 to
Scientific Revolution and European Enlightenment
European politics, philosophy, science and communications were all renovated as part of a movement referred to by its participants as the Age of Reason, or simply the Enlightenment. Enlightenment thinkers in Britain, France and throughout Europe questioned authority and embraced the notion that humanity could be improved through rationality. The Enlightenment ultimately gave way to 19th-century Romanticism. -
Jamestown Colony
The founding of Jamestown, America’s first permanent English colony sparked a series of cultural encounters that helped shape the nation and the world. The colony was sponsored by the Virginia Company of London, a group of investors who hoped to profit from the venture. Chartered in 1606 by King James I, the company also supported English national goals of the expansion of other European nations abroad. -
Plymouth Colony
Plymouth Colony was an English colonial venture in North America from 1620 to 1691. Plymouth Colony was founded by a group of Puritan Separatists who later became known as the Pilgrims. It was one of the earliest successful colonies to be founded by the English in North America, along with Jamestown. The colony was able to establish a treaty with Chief Massasoit which helped to ensure its success; in this, they were aided by Squanto, a member of the Patuxet tribe. -
Period: to
The French and Indian War
The French and Indian War, a colonial extension of the Seven Years War that ravaged Europe from 1756 to 1763, was the bloodiest American war in the 18th century. It took more lives than the American Revolution, involved people on three continents, including the Caribbean. The war was the product of an imperial struggle, a clash between the French and English over colonial territory and wealth. -
Period: to
The American Revolution
The American Revolution (1775-83) is the conflict between the American colonies and the British crown. France entered the American Revolution on the side of the colonists in 1778, turning what had essentially been a civil war into an international conflict. After French assistance helped the Continental Army force the British surrender at Yorktown, Virginia, in 1781, the Americans had effectively won their independence, though fighting would not formally end until 1783. -
Period: to
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution, which took place from the 18th to 19th centuries, was a period during in which rural societies in Europe and America became industrial and urban. While industrialization brought about an increased volume and variety of manufactured goods and an improved standard of living for some, it also resulted in often grim employment and living conditions for the poor and working classes. -
Period: to
Cholera
Cholera is an infectious disease that causes severe watery diarrhea, which can lead to dehydration and even death if untreated. It is caused by eating food or drinking water contaminated with a bacterium called Vibrio cholerae. Cholera was prevalent in the U.S. in the 1800s, before modern water and sewage treatment systems eliminated its spread by contaminated water. -
The Spinning Wheel and Loom
The impact of changing the way items were made had a wide reach. Industries such as textile manufacturing, mining, glass making and agriculture all underwent changes. For example, prior to the Industrial Revolution, textiles were primarily made of wool and were hand spun. But, with the invention of the spinning wheel and the loom, cotton was produced quicker and eventually replaced wool in the textile field. This dramatically reduced production time and the cost the produce material. -
Erie Canal
The completion in 1825 of the Erie Canal, connecting Lake Erie with the Hudson River, was an event of major importance in Michigan history because it greatly facilitated the transportation of passengers and freight between the eastern seaboard and Michigan ports. -
Transportation Revolution
America's economic transformation in the early 1800s was linked to dramatic changes in transportation networks. Construction of roads, canals, and railroads led to the expansion of markets, facilitated the movement of peoples, and altered the physical landscape. -
The Factory Act
Now that materials were being produced quicker and cheaper, the need for goods was greater than the supply. This shortage forced factories to open up for greater production hours and placed hard demands on the men, women and children in the workplace. These demands became increasingly difficult to achieve and ultimately led to laws to protect workers. In 1833, the Factory Act was passed to place restrictions on working hours of children, and set standards that factories needed to attain. -
The Great Stink
The Great Stink was an event in central London in July and August 1858 during which the hot weather amplified the smell of untreated human waste. The problem had been mounting for some years, with an ageing and inadequate sewer system that emptied directly into the Thames. In 1848 the Metropolitan Commission of Sewers was established at the urging of the social reformer Edwin Chadwick and a Royal Commission. -
Rockefeller Incorporates Standard Oil
John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company is incorporated in Ohio. Rockefeller has been active in the oil business since 1863. Standard Oil was first formed as a partnership in 1868. -
Black Friday
The first recorded use of the term “Black Friday” was during the crash of the U.S. gold market on September 24, 1869. Truthless Wall Street financiers, Jay Gould and Jim Fisk, worked together to buy up as much as they could of the nation’s gold, hoping to drive the price sky-high and sell it for astonishing profits. On that Friday in September, the conspiracy finally unraveled, sending the stock market into free-fall and bankrupting everyone from Wall Street barons to farmers. -
Period: to
Gilded Age
The period after Reconstruction, the last few decades of the nineteenth century, was known as the ” Gilded Age,” a term coined by Mark Twain in 1873. The Gilded Age was a period of transformation in the economy, technology, government, and social customs of America that forged a modern, national industrial society out of what had been small regional communities. The period also was marked by social movements for reform, the creation of machine politics, and continued mass immigration. -
Carnegie Imitates Bessemer Steel
After visiting Henry Bessemer's steel plant in England, and noting the demand in Britain for steel rails, Andrew Carnegie returns to America intent on expanding his steel business. -
Skyscrapers
The first steel-frame skyscraper, ten stories high, arose in Chicago in 1885. In 1913 New York’s Woolworth Building soared to a height of 60 stories. With much immigration and movement westward, people started moving to large cities, making certain cities like Chicago very populated. This was called urbanization and it occurred greatly in the U.S. during the Gilded ages. Chicago tripled in size in the 1880s and 1890s. -
End of Monopolies
In response to a large public outcry to check the price fixing abuses of these monopolies, the Sherman Antitrust Act was passed in 1890. This act banned trusts and monopolistic combinations that lessened or otherwise hampered interstate and international trade. -
Spanish American War
On April 21, 1898, the United States declared war against Spain following the sinking of the Battleship Maine in the Havana harbor on February 15, 1898. The U.S. also supported the ongoing struggle of Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines for independence against Spanish rule. -
Tenement Housing
In the 19th century, more people began crowding into America’s cities, including thousands of newly arrived immigrants. In New York City, buildings that had once been single-family dwellings were increasingly divided into multiple living spaces to accommodate this growing population. Known as tenements, these small apartment buildings were all too often cramped, poorly lit and lacked indoor plumbing and proper ventilation. By 1900, 2.3 million people were living in tenement housing. -
Period: to
Market Revolution
The Market Revolution which occurred in the United States, in the 19th century, is a historical model which argues that there was a drastic change of the economy, which disoriented and deordinated all aspects of the market economy in line with both nations and the world. -
Archduke Ferdinand Assassinated
Franz Ferdinand, archduke of Austria-Este (born December 18, 1863 and died June 28, 1914) whose assassination by the Bosnian Serb nationalist Gavrilo Princip was the immediate cause of World War I. -
1st Declaration of War in Europe
On August 1, 1914, four days after Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, two more great European powers—Russia and Germany—declare war on each other; the same day, France orders a general mobilization. -
THE PANAMA CANAL
The Panama Canal is a 50-mile, man-made canal cutting through the Isthmus of Panama that connects the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. It was constructed by the United States in order to find a waterway route between the two oceans. The Panama Canal represents both the best and worst of the United States. -
Sinking of the Lusitania
On the afternoon of May 7, 1915, the British ocean liner Lusitania is torpedoed without warning by a German submarine off the south coast of Ireland. Within 20 minutes, the vessel sank into the Celtic Sea. Of 1,959 passengers and crew, 1,198 people were drowned, including 128 Americans. -
Wilson reelected on slogan "He Kept Us Out of War"
Because of Wilson's ability to keep America out of War during his first term, he was reelected for a second term. -
Zimmerman Telegram
The Zimmermann Telegram was a secret diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office in January 1917 that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico prior to the United States entering WWI against Germany. The proposal was intercepted and decoded by British intelligence. German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmermann later publicly admitted the telegram was genuine, and helped generate support for the United States declaration of war on Germany in April. -
Declaration of War in Europe
On April 2, 1917, President Woodrow Wilson went before Congress to request a declaration of war against Germany. Wilson cited Germany’s violation of its pledge to suspend unrestricted submarine warfare in the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean, as well as its attempts to entice Mexico into an alliance against the United States, as his reasons for declaring war. The House concurred two days later. The United States later declared war on German ally Austria-Hungary on December 7, 1917. -
End of WWI
The war ended in the late fall of 1918, after the member countries of the Central Powers signed armistice agreements one by one. Germany was the last, signing its armistice on November 11, 1918. As a result of these agreements, Austria-Hungary was broken up into several smaller countries. Germany, under the Treaty of Versailles, was severely punished with hefty economic reparations, territorial losses, and strict limits on its rights to develop militarily. -
Treaty of Versailles
World War I officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles on June 28, 1919. Negotiated among the Allied powers with little participation by Germany, its 15 parts and 440 articles reassigned German boundaries and assigned liability for reparations. -
The Initial Economic Collapse
The initial decline lasted from mid-1929 to mid-1931. During this time, most people believed that the decline was merely a bad recession, worse than the recessions that occurred in 1923 and 1927, but not as bad as the Depression of 1920-21. Economic forecasters throughout 1930 cheerily predicted an economic rebound come 1931, and felt vindicated by a stock market rally in the spring of 1930. -
Period: to
The Great Depression
The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations; in most countries it started in 1929 and lasted until the late-1930s. It was the longest, deepest, and most widespread depression of the 20th century. In the 21st century, the Great Depression is commonly used as an example of how far the world's economy can decline. -
The New Deal
The New Deal was a series of federal programs, public work projects, financial reforms and regulations enacted in the United States during the 1930s, created by in response to the Great Depression. -
FDR Inauguration
March 4th: Franklin D. Roosevelt is inaugurated as President. -
Bank Holiday
March 6th - Executive Order 2039 suspends all banking activity for one week, in response to renewed stress on major New York City banks that threatened another round of bank failures and further deepening of the Depression.[7] By this time, 38 states had declared bank holidays. -
The Emergency Banking Act
The Emergency Banking Act was enacted, which enabled a restructuring of the banking system. Over 4,000 banks with $3.6 billion in deposits that were deemed irreparably insolvent were closed forever. By March 15th, banks controlling some 90% of the nation's banking activities were back in business. By the end of March, over $1.1 billion in cash was deposited. These new deposits saved cash-starved banks and helped restart the money creation process after years of credit contraction. -
The Agricultural Adjustment Act
The Agricultural Adjustment Act is enacted, designed to boost agricultural prices by reducing surpluses. -
The Second New Deal
The first major legislation that Roosevelt and Congress passed in the Second New Deal—in response to the critics—was the Works Progress Administration(WPA). Created in 1935, the WPA was an effort to appease the “Longites” who clamored for more direct assistance from the federal government. -
Bank Failures
An increasing number of bank failures in late-1930 interrupted the process of credit creation and reduced the money supply, harming consumption. This fear of reduced future income coupled with the Fed’s deflationary monetary policy resulted in a deflationary spiral that cratered consumer spending, business investment, and production. This further depressed the economy until Roosevelt stepped into office in 1933 and ended the gold standard, thereby ending the deflationary policy. -
Germany's invasions of Austria and Czechoslovakia
Following the Anschluss of Austria to Nazi Germany, in March 1938, the conquest of Czechoslovakia became Hitler's next ambition. ... On 15 March 1939, the German Wehrmacht moved into the remainder of Czechoslovakia and, from Prague Castle, Hitler proclaimed Bohemia and Moravia the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. -
Hitler invades Czechoslovakia
Despite the assurances given by Hitler in the Treaty of Munich (Sept 1938), he marched into Czechoslovakia and occupied the country -
Period: to
WWII
On September 1, 1939, Hitler invaded Poland from the west; two days later, France and Britain declared war on Germany, beginning World War II. -
Hitler invades Poland.
Adolf Hitler invaded Poland. -
Britain/France declare war on Germany
Neville Chamberlain broadcast the announcement that the country was at war. -
Pearl Harbor
On December 7, 1941 the Japanese launched a surprise attack on the US Naval Base Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, using bombers, torpedo bombers and midget submarines. ... Standing in opposition to Japanese conquest of what Japan's leaders termed “the Southern Resource Area” was the United States. -
Pearl Harbor
The Japanese, who were already waging war against the Chinese, attacked the US pacific fleet at Pearl Harbour, Hawaii, as a preliminary to taking British, French and Dutch colonies in South East Asia. -
Italy Surrenders
Mussolini had been thrown out of office and the new government of Italy surrendered to the British and the USA. They then agreed to join the allies. The Germans took control of the Italian army, freed Mussolini from imprisonment and set him up as head of a puppet government in Northern Italy. This blocked any further allied advance through Italy. -
D-Day
The allies launched an attack on Germany’s forces in Normandy, Western France. Thousands of transports carried an invasion army under the supreme command of general Eisenhower to the Normandy beaches. The Germans who had been fed false information about a landing near Calais, rushed troops to the area but were unable to prevent the allies from forming a solid bridgehead. For the allies it was essential to first capture a port. -
Death of Roosevelt
President Roosevelt died. He was succeeded by President Truman. -
Hitler commits Suicide
The German leader, Adolf Hitler committed suicide in his bombproof shelter together with his mistress, Eva Braun, who he had, at the last minute, made his wife. -
German Forces surrender
German forces in Italy surrendered to the Allies. -
Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima
The Japanese generals refused to surrender. The US dropped an atomic bomb on the island of Hiroshima. -
Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki
The US dropped an atomic bomb on the island of Nagasaki as the Japanese had not surrendered following Hiroshima. -
Japanese surrender
The Japanese unconditionally surrendered to the allies ending the second world war. -
Beginning of the Cold War
second front in Europe made the Russians suspicious of the Western Allies' motives. Those concerns were heightened when the United States discontinued aid to the Soviet Union after the war ended. -
Korean War
The Korean War was a war between North Korea (allied with China and the Soviet Union) and South Korea (allied with the United States). The war began on 25 June 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea following a series of clashes along the border. -
Brown vs. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education, was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. -
Sputnik
History changed on October 4, 1957, when the Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik I. The world's first artificial satellite took about 98 minutes to orbit the Earth on its elliptical path. -
JFK Election
The United States presidential election of 1960 was the 44th presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 1960. In a closely contested election, Democrat John F. Kennedy defeated
Republican nominee Richard Nixon. -
Bay of Pigs
Shortly before midnight on 16 April 1961, a group of 1,500 Cuban exiles trained and financed by the CIA launched an ill-fated invasion of Cuba from the sea in the Bay of Pigs. The plan was to overthrow Fidel Castro and his revolution.The plan was to overthrow Fidel Castro and his revolution. Instead, it turned into a humiliating defeat which pushed Cuba firmly into the arms of the Soviet Union and has soured US-Cuban relations to this day. -
Berlin Crisis
Berlin crisis of 1961, Cold War conflict between the Soviet Union and the United States concerning the status of the divided German city of Berlin. It culminated in the construction of the Berlin Wall in August 1961. -
Cuban Missile Crisis
The Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962 was a direct and dangerous confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War and was the moment when the two superpowers came closest to nuclear conflict. The dramatic crisis was characterized by the fact that it was primarily played out at the White House and the Kremlin level with relatively little input from the respective bureaucracies typically involved in the foreign policy process. -
JFK assassinated
On November 22, 1963, President John F. Kennedy was assassinated as he rode in a motorcade through Dealey Plaza in downtown Dallas, Texas. -
Malcolm X assassinated
the former Nation of Islam leader Malcolm X was shot and killed by assassins identified as Black Muslims as he was about to address the Organization of Afro-American Unity at the Audubon Ballroom in Harlem. He was 39. -
Johnson doesn't seek re-election + Richard Nixon Elected President
The United States presidential election of 1968 was the 46th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 5, 1968. The Republican nominee, former Vice President Richard Nixon, defeated the Democratic nominee, incumbent Vice President Hubert Humphrey. -
MLK assassination
Martin Luther King Jr. is shot to death at a hotel in Memphis, Tennessee. A single shot fired by James Earl Ray from over 200 feet away at a nearby motel struck King in the neck. He died an hour later at St. Joseph’s Hospital. The death of America’s leading civil rights advocate sparked a wave of rioting in the black communities of several cities around the country. -
Watergate
The Watergate scandal was a major political scandal that occurred in the United States during the early 1970s, following a break-in by five men at the Democratic National Committee (DNC) headquarters at the Watergate office complex in Washington, D.C. on June 17, 1972. -
Nixon Re-elected
The United States presidential election of 1972, the 47th quadrennial presidential election, was held on Tuesday, November 7, 1972. Incumbent Republican President Richard Nixon defeated Democratic Senator George McGovern of South Dakota. Nixon easily swept aside challenges from two Republican congressmen in the 1972 Republican primaries to win re-nomination. -
energy Crisis
By the early 1970s, American oil consumption was rising even as domestic oil production was declining, leading to an increasing dependence on oil imported from abroad. Despite this, Americans believed that Arab oil exporters couldn’t afford to lose the U.S. market. These assumptions were demolished in 1973, when an oil embargo imposed by members of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) led to fuel shortages and sky-high prices throughout much of the decade. -
Nixon Resigns
By late 1973, the Watergate scandal escalated, costing Nixon much of his political support. On August 9, 1974, he resigned in the face of almost certain impeachment and removal from office. After his resignation, he was issued a controversial pardon by his successor, Gerald Ford. -
The End of the Vietnam War
Direct U.S. military involvement ended on 15 August 1973. The capture of Saigon by the North Vietnamese Army in April 1975 marked the end of the war, and North and South Vietnam were reunified the following year. The war exacted a huge human cost in terms of fatalities (see Vietnam War casualties). -
Jimmy Carter elected President
The United States presidential election of 1976 was the 48th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 2, 1976. Democrat Jimmy Carter of Georgia defeated incumbent Republican President Gerald Ford from Michigan. -
Iran Hostage Crisis
On November 4, 1979, a group of Iranian students stormed the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, taking more than 60 American hostages. ... The students set their hostages free on January 21, 1981, 444 days after the crisis began and just hours after President Ronald Reagan delivered his inaugural address. -
Carter Loses to Reagan in the 1980 Election
Ronald Reagan won the election by a huge landslide (winning 49 out of 50 states). This election received the highest electoral votes towards any presidential nominee in American history. -
The "Star Wars" Initiative
The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), also known as Star Wars, was a program first initiated on March 23, 1983 under President Ronald Reagan. The intent of this program was to develop a sophisticated anti-ballistic missile system in order to prevent missile attacks from the Soviet Union. With the tension of the Cold War looming overhead, the Strategic Defense Initiative was the United States’ response to possible nuclear attacks. -
Glasnost
The term “Glasnost” means “openness” and was the social and political reforms to allow more rights and freedoms upon the Soviet people. It's goals were to include more people in the political process through freedom of expression. This included a de-censatization of the media. Glasnost also permitted criticism of government officials, encouraging more social freedoms like those that Western societies had already provided. -
Perestroika
Perestroika was the reconstruction of the political and economic system established by the Communist Party. Politically, election contests were introduced to reflect the democratic practices of Western society. Economically, Perestroika called for de-monopolization, ending the price controls established by the government. The goal was to create a semi-free market system, reflecting that of Germany, Japan, and the United States. -
The Fall of the Berlin Wall
The Berlin Wall: The Fall of the Wall. On November 9, 1989, as the Cold War began to thaw across Eastern Europe, the spokesman for East Berlin's Communist Party announced a change in his city's relations with the West. Starting at midnight that day, he said, citizens of the GDR were free to cross the country's borders. -
Period: to
1990s Economic Boom
The 1990s economic boom in the United States was an extended period of economic prosperity, during which GDP increased continuously for almost ten years (the longest recorded expansion in the history of the United States). -
The Gulf War
Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein ordered the invasion and occupation of neighboring Kuwait in early August 1990. Hussein defied United Nations Security Council demands to withdraw from Kuwait by mid-January 1991, and the Persian Gulf War began with a massive U.S.-led air offensive known as Operation Desert Storm. -
The End of the USSR
On December 25, 1991, the Soviet hammer and sickle flag lowered for the last time over the Kremlin, thereafter replaced by the Russian tricolor. Earlier in the day, Mikhail Gorbachev resigned his post as president of the Soviet Union, leaving Boris Yeltsin as president of the newly independent Russian state. -
The Oklahoma City Bombing
The Oklahoma City bombing occurred when a truck packed with explosives was detonated on April 19, 1995, outside the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, leaving 168 people dead and hundreds more injured.
