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Women's Christian Temperance Union
-the purpose of WCTU was to combat the influence of alcohol on families & society
-Frances Willard became pres. of the WCTU and tuned to organizing political means in addition to moral persuasion to achieve total abstinence
-the issue was seen in society as moral, issue to create prohibition through the nation -
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Harsh Working Conditions
-children as young as six years old working hard hours for little to no pay
-women mostly found jobs in domestic service textile factories and work shops
-children often worked up to 19 hours with one break
-worked in dangerous conditions
-if one was hurt they lost their job -
Pendleton Act of 1883
-provided the federal gov. jobs awarded on the basis of merit and be selected through competitive exams
-in 1881 a mentally unstable man assassinated James A. Garfield in protest against not obtaining a gov. job
-the public's reaction caused president Arthur to introduce this law
-patronage system: practice where after winning an election, gives gov jobs to its supporters/friends
-merit system: process of promoting & hiring gov. employees based on their ability to perform a job -
Interstate commerce act of 1887
-The act created a federal regulatory agency, which it charged with monitoring railroads to ensure thatthey complied with the new regulations
-First law to regulate private industry in the U.S
-The power of the act is to the railroads rates to be "reasonable & just" Interstate commerce commision enforce the regulation and investigate allegations of fraud, deception and discrimination -
Assassination of President Garfield
-Shot came from a .44 bulldog which the assassin Charles J Guiteau, had purchased specifically because he thought it would look impressive in a museum
-He had killed Garfield because of the presidents refusal to appoint him to a European consulship
-The assassin was known around Washington as an emotionally disturbed man
-he was convinced that was gods work -
Sherman antitrust act
-Purpose was to prohibit trust, trust were arrangements where stockholders transferred their shares to a single group of men
-Congress wanted to regulate interstate commerce also prohibit monopolies and activities that hindered competition
-First federal program for regulating private business
-Andrew Carneige > Accumulation of great wealth by a few in any capitalist society -
Populist People's Party
-Their idea was economic reforms increase in money supply and gradual tax increase
-Wanted direct vote for senators
-Cause of these ideas was they wanted a greater voice government and populist programs kept alive the concept that the government is responsible for social injustice -
Plessy v. Ferguson
-Black train passenger, Homer Plessy refused to sit in a Jim crow car, breaking Louisiana law
-By a 7-1 vote, the court said that a state law that "implies merely a legal distinction" between two races did not conflict with the 13th amendment forbidding involuntary servitude, nor did it reestablish such a condition
-The discussion established the doctrine of "separate but equal" which allowed states to maintain segregated facilities for blacks and whites as long as the provided equality -
Discovery Gold of the Klondike region
-the Klondike gold rush was an event of migration by an estimated 100,000 people prospecting to the Klondike region of north-western Canada only 30,000 actually made it to the Klondike
-gold was discovered in many rich deposits along the Klondike river
-newspapers created a hysteria that was nation-wide and many people quit their jobs & then left for the Klondike to become gold-diggers
-Many did not find gold many made money off hardware store selling to the prospectors -
The Jungle
-Written by muckraking journalist Upton Sinclair
-Focus was the human condition in the stockyards of chicago & to exploit the labor of men and women for profit
-Magnified the sickening conditions of the meat-packing industry
-As a result of making the public aware of thr filthy & dangerous conditions each local gov. passed its own set of health codes as well as the meat inspection act & the pure food & drug act -
Pure Food and Drug Act
-prevented the manufacture, sale or transportation of adulterated, mislabeled or poisonous food,drug or medicines
-was the first of many consumer protection laws
-the law required to label any drug that are addictive including alcohol, morphine, opium, and cannabis
-this law caused Coca-Cola have to replace the cocaine in their products with caffeine -
NAACP
-National association for the advancement of colored ppl
-An organization founded in 1909 to promote full racial equality
-had over 600 by 1914
-Established by W.E.B Dubois -
16th Amendment
-Allows the congress to levy an income tax on the people
-its biggest effect was it shifted the balance of power toward the federal gov and away from the states
-Progressive:favoring or advocating progress and change
-Revenue-Collective items of income of a person,state,etc
-Tariff- tax or duty to be paid -
17th Amendment
-The senate of the U.S. shall be composed of 2 senatore from each state, elected by the people there of, for 6 years and each senator shall have one vote
-It changed the theory about who senators represented,shifting the focus from state govs to the residents of states
-Direct election: system of choosing political office holders in which the voters directly cast ballots for the person -
Federal Reserve Act
-Nation needed a way to strengthen the ways in which banks were run
-The act divided the nation into 12 districts and established a central bank in each district
-the federal reserve banks could issue new pape curency in emergency situations and membr banks could use new cuency to make loans to their customers
-By 1923 roughly 70 percent of the nations banking resources were part of the federal reserve system -
Progressive Party
-the founder of the bull moose party is Theodore Roosevelt
-he was defeated in the republic primaries and broke off
-the party advocated women suffrage, wokmens's compensation an eight hour work day, a minimum wage for women, federal trade -
18th Amendment
-Caused by widespread belief that consumption of alcohol was deteriorating Americans health and causing criminal activities
-Established the prohibition of alcohol beverages in the U.S by declaring the production, transport, and sale of alcohol illegal
-Instead of reducing crime, it created massive organized crime movements and corrupted public officals who took bribes -
18th Amendment Vocab.
temperance: restraint or moderation from drinking
prohibtion: nation wide ban of alcohol
flapper: generation of young western women in the 1920's who wore short skirts, bobbed their hair listened to jazz and flaunted the unacceptable behavior -
Red Record
-Ida B Wells, one of the co-foundes of the NAACP, wrote the red record
-the central topic of this pamphlet was to inform eveyone on how black people were being treated, for example some would be lynched
-The red records effect on society is the states began to recognizing the seriousness of these subjects and began taking action