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Abolishment of the Monarchy
The Germans were unhappy having do survive under extremely poor living conditions, they organized endless stikes against the monarchy (the Keiser) up to 1918 when the Keiser abdicatred his position and a Republic was established. -
German Worker's Party DAP
Immediately at the end of the WWI, a small political group started forming in Munich – the German Workers’ Party. The DAP was founded by Anton Drexler, a toolmaker, and Dietrich Eckhart, a journalist, Adolf Hitler was a member too. -
Treaty of Versailles signed
The representatives of 32 countries gathered in Paris for a conference to determine what would happen to the countries who lost the war. The main representatives who's members included France, Britan and the US which were called the Big Three, they came up with a harsh resolution that forbid Germany from healing its wounds from the war, and Germany was forced to sign. -
Adolf Hitler and the DAP
Adolf Hitler, who had been sent by the German Army to
spy on the German Workers' Party, decided that he liked the political ideas of the party and became a member. In its first public meeting Hitler announced that they had to adopt his 25 points. In April 1920, the name of the party was changed to National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP), an extremist far right wing party. -
German Worker's Party changed their name to National Socialist German Workers' Party
The German Workers' Party (DAP) changed its name to Nationalist Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP). This was an attempt to make the party more popular. Hitler wanted to name the party "Social Revolutionary Party" but he was persuaded to name it NSDAP instead. -
Adolf Hitler became leader of the NSDP and took the title der Führer
By early 1921, Adolf Hitler was becoming highly effective at speaking in front of ever larger crowds. In February, Hitler spoke before a crowd of nearly six thousand in Munich. They realized the loss of Hitler would effectively mean the end of the Nazi Party. Hitler seized the moment and announced he would return on the condition that he was made chairman and given dictatorial powers.
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SA (Sturm Abteilung) formed. Known as Stormtroopers these were the party militia. They were also known as brownshirts because of the brown shirts that formed part of their uniform.
The SA (Sturmabteilung or Storm Detachment) was better known as the Brownshirts or Storm Troopers. The SA got their nickname from the colour of the shirts they wore.From 1921 to 1933 the SA disrupted the meetings of Adolf Hitler’s political opponents as well as defended the halls where Hitler was making a speech in public.
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Munich (Beer Hall) Putsch
On the night of 8 November 1923, Hitler and 600 storm troopers burst into a meeting that Kahr and Lossow were holding at the local Beer Hall. Waving a gun at them, Hitler forced them to agree to rebel - and then let them go home. The Munich Putsch was a failure. As a result: The Nazi party was banned, and Hitler was prevented from speaking in public until 1927. Hitler went to prison, where he wrote 'Mein Kampf'. Millions of Germans read it, and Hitler's ideas became very well-known. -
Hitler's trial for his part in the Munich Putsch began
The Beer Hall Putsch trial began before a special court in Munich in front of a five-judge panel chaired by Georg Neithardt. The nine defendants who were charged with treason were Adolf Hitler, General Erich von Ludendorff, Ernst Rohm, Heinz Pernet, Friedrich Weber, Wilhelm Frick, Hermann Kriebel, Wilhelm Bruckner, and Robert Wagner. The trial would last for twenty-four days and the proceedings of each day were reported on the front pages of every German newspaper. -
Germany Federal ELections Part 2
Following his appointment, Müller, who had already been Germany's Chancellor for 4 months in 1920, created a Grand Coalition of members of the SPD, German Democratic Party, Centre Party and the German People's Party. The recently reformed Nazi Party contested the elections after their ban ended the previous year. However, the party received less than 3% of the vote and won just 12 seats in the Reichstag.
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German Federal Elections Part 1
Federal elections were held in Germany on 20 May 1928. The Social Democratic Party (SPD) remained the largest party in the Reichstag after winning 153 of the 491 seats. Voter turnout was 75.6%. The only two parties to gain significantly were the SPD, who got almost a third of votes, and the Communist Party of Germany. However, although the SPD now had 153 seats, they still failed to gain a clear majority, resulting in another coalition government. -
The Great Depression (Wall Street Market Crash)
The Wall Street crash marked the beggining of a worlwide economic recession.Germany's economic revival was based on Amercian loans.Thus after the crash many of the loans were recalled.Which ment Germany would be suffering even more.They not only had to pay substantial amounts of money to the USA which led to several investment projects to be cancelled, the German unemployment was rising at an alarming rate. At its worst, it stood at 6 million. This brought the Nazi party a lot of support. -
Hitler becomes chanceller
In order to have majority in the Reichstag and have absolute power he called general elections on the 5th of March.
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Reichstag Fire
The Reichstag building burnt down and Van der Lubbe, a communist, was arrested as guilty. Hitler then claimed that this was a communist plot against the state and persuased the president Hinderburg to declare an emergency decree. He used this event to spread fear against the communist threat. The KPD was then banned.But until this day it is unknown if the nazi party was involved in the fire.
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General Election
The Nazi party gained 43.9% of the votes which was the highest level of support ever achieved in the Weimer republic but meant that Hitler still didn't have majority so they had to work with coalitions and therefore govern according the Reichstag
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Enabling Act
This law gave Hitler the power to enact laws without the involvement of the Reichstag for four years, signed at the Kroll Opera House where the legislators were surrounded and threatened by members of SA and SS, establishing a dictatorship. The law achieved the necessary two-thirds since, the Communist were banned and the only ones voting against were the socialists and other parties were convinced with promises such as the signing of the concordat,
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The Enabling Act and its consequences
How did Hitler Consolidate his Power between 1933 and 1934?
In the 4 years of the Enabling Act, Hitler crushed his political opposition.
* There was always a Nazi majority and a Nazi state governor
* Arrested trade union officials and merged the unions into a ‘German Labour Front’ - Nazis would not be threatened by strikes or other union activities
* The Nazi party was the only legal party (M. Isabel) -
Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service
This law re-established a "national" civil service and allowed tenured and non-"Aryan descent" civil servants to be dismissed. This meant that Jews and political opponents could not serve as teachers, professors, judges, or other government positions. Shortly afterward, a similar law was passed concerning lawyers, doctors, tax consultants, musicians, and notaries. (M. Isabel) -
The Nazis took over local government
Germany was separated into 42 "Gaus" which is a German term that means "a region inside of a country". Each Gau was run by a Gauleiter who was directly appointed by Hitler and was the second highest Nazi paramilitary rank. Each Gau was also separated into areas, localities and blocks of flats. These blocks of flats or simply neighborhoods were run by Blockleiters who were in charge of forming a link between Nazi authorities and the general population and reporting to the Gestapo. (Maxine) -
The Gestapo, Nazi secret police, were formed
The Geheime Staatspolizei (German for Secret State Police, abbreviated “Gestapo”) was the secret police of Nazi Germany, and its main tool of oppression and destruction, which persecuted Germans, opponents of the regime, and Jews. The Gestapo was formally organized after the Nazis seized power in 1933. -
Trade Unions were Banned
Hitler saw trade unions as having more power over the working class than him. So, he decided to ban all the trade unions and arrest their leaders. The money belonging to the unions was confiscated, although it belonged to the workers. In order to keep the working class on Hilter's 'side', he appointed Robert Ley as the leader of the German Labour Front, which was an organization set up in place of trade unions. (Maxine) -
Nazi Book Burnings
Encouraged by Joseph Goebbels, German university students gathered in Berlin to burn over 20,000 books with "un-German" ideas. These books were written by jewish, anarchists, socialists and communist authors. Joseph Goebbels was the Head of Propaganda and gave a speech during this event while the students and Nazi storm troopers sang Nazi anthems. (Maxine) -
President Hindenburg died. Hitler combined the post of President and Chancellor and called himself Fuhrer.
After the Night of the Long Knives, nothing stood between Hitler and absolute power in Germany, except 87-year-old German President Paul von Hindenburg, who now lay close to death at his country estate in East Prussia.
For Hitler, Hindenburg's demise couldn't have come at a better time.
Hitler, of course, decided that he should succeed Hindenburg, but not as president, instead as Führer (supreme leader) of tleader) of the German people.
