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Jan 25, 1368
Ming
Ming Dynasty was the last imperial dynasty in China ruled by ethnic Han Chinese -
Jan 25, 1371
Zheng He
Born Ma He, Zheng commanded expeditionary voyages to Southeast Asia, South Asia, Western Asia, and East Africa from 1405 to 1433 -
Jan 25, 1375
Songhay
Songhay Empire, at its peak, it was one of the largest states in African history -
Jan 25, 1394
Prince Henry the Navigator
Henry the Navigator, 15th century Portuguese prince, helped usher in both the Age of Discovery and the Atlantic slave trade -
Jan 25, 1395
Gutenberg
Johannes Gutenberg developed a method of movable type and used it to create one of the Western world's first major printed books, the “Forty-Two-Line” Bible -
Jan 25, 1413
Copernicus
Copernicus was instrumental in establishing the concept of a heliocentric solar system, in which the sun, rather than the earth, is the center of the solar system -
Jan 25, 1415
Portugal
Portugal was one of the largest empires in history and at the peak of its power, was the first to reach global dimensions through a long network of numerous territories and smaller possessions -
Jan 25, 1428
Aztec
The Aztec Empire, or the Triple Alliance, began as an alliance of three Nahua city-states: Mexico-Tenochtitlan, Mexico-Texcoco, and Mexico-Tlacopan. -
Jan 25, 1432
Mehmed II
Mehmed II, best known as Mehmed the Conqueror, was an Ottoman sultan who ruled first for a short time from August 1444 to September 1446, and later from February 1451 to May 1481 -
Jan 25, 1438
Inca
Inca Empire was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America -
Jan 25, 1450
Bartolomeu Dias
Became the first European mariner to round the southern tip of Africa -
Jan 25, 1450
Triangle Trade diaspora
The Triangle Trade carried slaves, cash crops, and manufactured goods between West Africa, Caribbean or American colonies and the European colonial powers, with the northern colonies of Britain -
Jan 1, 1451
Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus discovered the "New World" (not really) of the Americas on an expedition sponsored by King Ferdinand. -
May 29, 1453
Constantinople --> Ottomans
The Fall of Constantinople was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire by an invading army of the Ottoman Empire -
Jan 25, 1460
Vasco de Gama
First explorer to reach India by sea -
Jan 25, 1464
Sunni Ali
Sunni Ali was the first king of the Songhai Empire -
Jan 25, 1469
Machiavelli
Italian diplomat Niccolò Machiavelli is best known for writing The Prince, a handbook for unscrupulous politicians that inspired the term "Machiavellian" -
Jan 25, 1470
Spanish Inquisition
The Spanish Inquisition was The Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition -
Jan 1, 1475
Vasco de Balboa
Vasco Núñez de Balboa was the first European to see the Pacific Ocean. -
Jan 25, 1476
Pizarro
Pizarro helped Vasco Núñez de Balboa discover the Pacific Ocean, and after conquering Peru, founded its capital city, Lima -
Jan 25, 1480
Ferdinand Magellan
Ferdinand Magellan led the first European voyage of discovery to circumnavigate the globe -
Jan 25, 1483
Martin Luther
Martin Luther forever changed Christianity when he began the Protestant Reformation in 16th-century Europe -
Jan 25, 1485
Cortes
Cortes was a Spanish conquistador who overthrew the Aztec empire and won Mexico for the crown of Spain -
Jan 25, 1487
Shah Ismail
Ismail was the founder of the Safavid dynasty which survived until 1736 -
Jan 25, 1491
Loyola
Loyola was a Spanish priest and theologian, who founded the religious order called the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) and became its first Superior General -
Jan 25, 1492
Columbian Exchange
The Columbian Exchange refers to a period of cultural and biological exchanges between the New and Old Worlds. Exchanges of plants, animals, diseases and technology transformed European and Native American ways of life -
Jan 25, 1494
Suleyman
Suleyman in his realm, was the tenth and longest-reigning sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 to his death in 1566 -
Jan 25, 1494
Treaty of Tordesillas
The Treaty of Tordesillas divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Portugal and the Crown of Castile -
Jan 25, 1502
Atahualpa
Atahualpa was the last Inca ruler, executed by Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro in 1533, marking the end of the Inca empire -
Jan 25, 1502
Montezuma II
Montezuma II was the ninth tlatoani or ruler of Tenochtitlan, reigning from 1502 to 1520 -
Jan 25, 1502
Safavid
Safavid Empire was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran, often considered the beginning of modern Iranian history -
Jan 25, 1509
John Calvin
Calvin was Martin Luther's successor as the preeminent Protestant theologian, made a powerful impact on the fundamental doctrines of Protestantism -
Jan 25, 1514
The Battle of Chaldiran
The Battle of Chaldiran took place on 23 August 1514 and ended with a decisive victory for the Ottoman Empire over the Safavid Empire -
Jan 25, 1516
Spain
Spain reached the peak of its military, political and economic power under the Spanish Habsburgs -
Jan 25, 1517
Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was a major 16th century European movement aimed initially at reforming the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church -
Jan 25, 1542
Akbar the Great
Akbar was a Muslim emperor of India, established a sprawling kingdom through military conquests, but is known for his policy of religious tolerance -
Jan 25, 1545
Council of Trent
The Council of Trent, held between 1545 and 1563 in Trento (Trent) and Bologna, northern Italy, was one of the Roman Catholic Church's most important ecumenical councils. Prompted by the Protestant Reformation, it has been described as the embodiment of the Counter-Reformation -
Jan 25, 1547
Tokugawa Ieyasu
Tokugawa Ieyasu was the founder and first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, which effectively ruled Japan from the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600. -
Jan 25, 1552
Matteo Ricci
Ricci was an Italian Jesuit priest and one of the founding figures of the Jesuit China missions -
Jan 25, 1564
Galileo
Galileo made pioneering observations that laid the foundation for modern physics and astronomy -
Hobbes
Hobbes was an English philosopher in the 17th century, was best known for his book Leviathan (1651) and his political views on society -
Tokugawa Shogunate
Tokugawa Shogunate was the last feudal Japanese military government, which existed between 1603 and 1867. The head of government was the shogun, and each was a member of the Tokugawa clan -
Joint Stock Company
A joint-stock company is a business entity in which different stocks can be bought and owned by shareholders -
Jamestown
The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas -
Locke
Locke was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism" -
Louis XIV
King Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes and is known for his aggressive foreign policy -
Qing
The Qing Dynasty was the last imperial dynasty of China -
Kangxi
Kangxi was the fourth emperor of the Qing dynasty -
Enlightenment
Enlightenment was an intellectual movement which dominated the world of ideas in Europe in the 18th century -
Voltaire
Voltaire was an author of the satirical novella 'Candide,' Voltaire is widely considered one of France's greatest Enlightenment writers -
Qianlong
Qianlong was the sixth emperor of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty, and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China proper. -
Rousseau
Rousseau was a philosopher, writer, and composer of the 18th century. His political philosophy influenced the Enlightenment in France and across Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolution and the overall development of modern political and educational thought -
Peter/Catherine the Great
Catherine the Great was the most renowned and the longest-ruling female leader of Russia- Peter the Great: Best known for his extensive reforms in an attempt to establish Russia as a great nation -
7 Years' War
The Seven Years' War was a war fought between 1754 and 1763, the main conflict occurring in the seven-year period from 1756 to 1763. It involved every European great power of the time except the Ottoman Empire and spanned five continents. -
Quebec
The modern province of Quebec occupies much of the land where French settlers founded the colony of Canada -
Mughal
Mughal Empire was an empire in the Indian subcontinent, established and ruled by a Muslim dynasty of Chagatai Turco-Mongol origin from Central Asia.