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Proclamation of 1763 (part 1)
Since the British won the French and Indian War, there was a lot of new territory to be settled to the West. Three groups that the British had to control were former French subjects, France’s Native American allies, and British colonists. To control these three groups, England confined the colonists to the coast.
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Proclamation of 1763 (part 2)
The Proclamation of 1763 halted westward expansion west of the Appalachians. England would also be able to collect taxes from the colonies. The colonists ignored the Proclamation and traveled westward anyway. This Proclamation brought about the idea that the crown was just a nuisance to the colonists. -
Northwest Territory
The Land Ordinance of 1785 subdivided the land north of the Ohio River, east of the Mississippi River and south of the Great Lakes to be sold. This ordinance was passed by congress. This was directed at individuals, but companies had an advantage when purchasing these properties. Land was set aside for public schools.
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Northwest Territory
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 took the land in the Ohio River Valley and the Great Lakes and outlined it for settlement. It set up means for which new states would be created and admitted into the union, equal to the old states. -
Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase spanned across 800,000 miles. This purchase included what would be thirteen new states. Jefferson sent men to France to negotiate the purchase. He wanted access to New Orleans and feared that Napoleon would deny access to this port. This purchase was unconstitutional.
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West and East Florida
President James Monroe realized that there were problems with Spanish Florida. Seminole Indians were raiding American border towns. American slaves and criminals were also escaping into Florida and were not recoverable. Andrew Jackson was authorized to chase the Seminole Indians out of American territory. He was not authorized to attack Spanish posts. Jackson destroyed Seminole settlements all the way through Florida.
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Red River Basin
The U.S. signed the Convention of 1818 with England. The United States acquired the Red River Basin in the treaty. This land would eventually become North Dakota and Minnesota.
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Oregon Territory
Spain, Great Britain, Russia, and the U.S. claimed that the Oregon country was theirs. Spain and Russia ceded their claims to Oregon, leaving just the U.S. and England. England and the U.S. had agreed on joint occupation where citizens of both nations had equal access to the land. The nations could not come to an agreement about how to divide the land in 1842.
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Texas Annexation (part 2)
They declared independence and legalized slavery. Three hundred rebels surrendered and were executed. The Texans overwhelmed the Mexican army. Annexation provided disputes for presidency. In December, 1845, Texas was finally admitted to the Union.
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Texas Annexation (part 1)
Mexicans were clustered in Texas around San Antonio. Americans were encouraged to emigrate to Mexico. The purpose of this encouragement was a buffer between the southern provinces and Native Americans. These Americans were required to become Roman Catholics, and become Mexican citizens, giving up their U.S. citizenship. But as a reward, they were given huge plots of land. As a result, Americans greatly outnumbered Mexicans in Texas and wanted Texas to become a full U.S. state. -
Webster-Ashburton Treaty
The Treaty of Paris had not really defined the borders of the northeastern boundary of the United States. Population increased and residents of Maine became hostile towards eachother. Daniel Webster (Secretary of State) and Alexander Baring (British foreign minister) met to discuss the treaty that defined boundaries, discussed extradition, and discussed slave trade.
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Mexican Cessation
President Polk wanted to bring Mexico under American control. There were disputes between Mexico and the U.S. about the borderline. Mexico and America went to war. A peace treaty was negotiated, Mexico ceded New Mexico and California to the U.S. as well as recognizing the annexation of Texas.
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Gadsden Purchase
Most of New Mexico had been ceded to the United States in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. That treaty established a boundary between the U.S. and Mexico. There was a settlement between the two countries that was unowned due to an error in their maps. The U.S. ended the war by negotiating the Gadsden Purchase with Mexico.
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Alaska
William H. Seward (Secretary of State) purchased Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million. The ratification of the treaty approving the purchase passed in the Senate by only one vote.
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Hawaii (part 1)
Secretary of State, Daniel Webster, wrote to Hawaiian agents in Washington about U.S. interests. He wrote about opposing any other nation with interest in Hawaii. He told Great Britain and France that they should not continue to colonize the islands. The U.S. and Hawaii established a treaty. Hawaii’s economy became intertwined with the U.S.
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Hawaii (part 2)
The U.S. removed the Hawaiian queen from power and Grover Cleveland tried to restore her. Due to nationalism, the U.S. annexed Hawaii when President William McKinley urged them to.
