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The decline and disappearance of the Mycenaean empire is what historians refer to as the Dark Age in Greek history.
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Referring to this as the old age of the Greeks, they saw a re-emergence in contact with foreign cultures, development of Greek colonies, and the reopening of long distant trade routes.
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A time were wars were temporarily ended and people from all over would gather in Olympia to watch people compete in games and sought out the competitiveness of the Greeks. This was the sight and creation of the first Olympics.
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Dating back to the earliest surviving Greek literature resulting from the alphabet created by the Ionian Greeks.
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The two most memorable poleis of the Archaic Age. Sparta was a super-elite very small citizenship of warriors whose culture was an extreme form of militarism and was essentially experimental communism. Athens an accepting empire that celebrated art, music, and drama. Athens was also the birthplace of democracy.
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Thales of Miletus was the first scientist to look at occurrences as natural forces of nature rather than as punishment of gods. He measured the height of pyramids by the shadows. Finally he was so skilled astronomy that he was able to predict the solar eclipse.
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The era where the Greek poleis were at their most powerful economically and militarily, and at their most innovative and productive artistically and intellectually.
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One of the Great thinkers in Greek philosophy who taught Plato, who taught Aristotle, who then tutored Alexander the Great. This was one of the most intellectual lineages by having the three greatest thinkers of Greek civilization and one of the greatest military and political leaders.
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Two years after he became king Alexander was fully in control of greece. He was one fo the greatest military and political leaders in history, who expanded and integrated his empire along with being a compassionate and determined leader.
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After the death of Alexander fights broke out to see who would rule his once great empire, but no one could live up to the expectations. The true Hellenistic legacy was not Alexander's battles, but the aftermath of them.