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Axis Powers
includes Germany , Japan, Italy along with others
Prime purpose was to establish and maintain a new order
They scared each others goal for territorial expansion and wanted the destruction each to others supremacy in their geographic area -
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Advance Technology
torpedoes was used to destroy submarines and ships from long distance b/c bullets couldn't go far plus do a lot of damaged
bombing raids, were use to destroy anything in a certain area, such as factories that produce military equipment in WW2
Wolf packs were German submarines that had mass-attack tactics against convoys. A group of ships warships plus submarines that attack a certain target all at once -
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Japans War expansion
in September 1931 Japan Army moved into Manchuria after an explosion damaged a railway line near the city of Mukden
wanted to control China& its Asian Markets
They could use for economic prosperity and trading routes would be a key role for the spread of their impearilism -
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Volunteerism in WWII (red cross)
at home: Began BLOOD donor services in America to produce lifesaving plasma for the Armed Forces, served in hospitals, produced emergency supplies, collected serape, ran victory gardens, plus maintained training programs
overseas: became the chief providers of relief supplies in Europe, served as field director provided support for troops, operated clubs, + were attended to military hospitals -
Rationing
rationing is the controlled distribution of scarce resources,goods,or an artificial restriction of demand
this policy regulated the amount of goods that a consumer could obtain during the war
rationing items were gasoline,tires,meat,butter,jellies
Americans had to use "Rationing Coupons" which were issued to each family based on its size -
Allied
great Britain, united states of america, soviet union, France led a group of nations called the allied
in 1941 congress voted that a state of war existed between USA & Japan war caused by German expansions England & France were unprepared for war
when Hitler invaded Poland WW2 began -
M1 semi automatic rifle and radar
m1: the design of the m1 allowed the Americans to fire more shots against their German and Japanese Counterparts
Radar: Battle were won by the side that was first to spot enemy airplanes, ships, or submarines, the radar helped see hundreds of miles away even at night -
Civilian Defense organization
Roosevelt set up the Office of Civilian Defense (OCD) to coordinate state and federal measures to protect civilians in war-related emergency. The OCD organized the US citizens defense corps to recruit and train volunteers to perform essential taks -
Rosie the Riveter
1945 nearly one out of every four married women worked outside the home. "Rosie the Riveter" star of a government campaign aimed at recruiting female workers for the munitions industry, became perhaps the most iconic image of working women during the war. -
War Bonds
way to remove money from circulation as well as reduce inflation
known as debt securities for the purpose of financing military operations during war times
people would buy bonds & the gov. promised to return them w/interest after 10yr or more
Gov. needed the money to pay for WAR equipment
war bonds were brought by purchasing by stamps for $0.10-$0.15 each -
WACS
Women joined the new Womens Army Corps. After basic training most of these women took clerical jobs in the military women replaced jobs formerly held by men such as shipbuilding and aircraft production. The idea was to have women fill jobs held by men to send more men to war. B/w 1941-1945 more than 6.5 million women entered the work force -
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Code Talkers
Navajo code talkers played a key role in the Pacific campaign. The american military needed an undecipherable code that could not be broken by the Japanese. The Navajo language is unwritten and extremely complex, american forces could transmit messages by telephone and radio in a code that the Japanese were unable to break -
lend lease act
written by president woo drew Wilson in 1918's speech the lend lease program provided for military aid to any countries defense that was vital to the united states Roosevelt leaded Britain understanding that they would get paid back -
Pearl Harbor
2 waves of Japanese airplanes attacked the U.S. Pacific fleet stationed in Pearl Harbor
attack sank 18 U.S ships
damaged 260 airplanes
killed and injured 6,000 Americans
famous quote " a date which will live in infamy" the united states of america was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air force of the empire of japan -
Executive Order 9066
description: U.S presidential executive order signed and issued during WW2 Franklin D. Roosevelt authorizing the secretary of war to prescribe certain areas as military zones, clearing the way for the deportation of Japanese Americans
cause:The attack on Pearl Harbor Dec 1941 led to Americans growing suspicions largely by Racism and fear about the loyalty of Japanese Americans
Effect: Japanese ancestry was classified as "Enemy Aliens" , Curfews were instituted and assets were frozen -
Bataan death march
The Bataan Death March happened after the U.S surrendered of the Bataan Peninsula it affected the war tide in favor of the axis powers. Allied prisoners were forced to march 65 miles to prison camps, were thousandths died from disease, starvation and mistreat -
Battle of Midway
the battle of midway pushed the war tide in favor of the allied powers since if was one of the most decisive U.S victories against japan
the US inflicted permanent damage on the Japanese Navy
this was the turning point of U.S against Japan -
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U.S office of War Information
responsibilities: Production of Pro-allied, anti axis propaganda such as movies and Posters, to make citizens aware of how they could help in the war effort
activities: the OWI produced its own radio programs released its own newels and required that all movies produced during the war contribute in same way to the war effort. -
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Island Hoping
island hopping was effecting the tide in favor of the allied powers b/c they kept pushing Japanese forces out of the Islands, through the offensive against the Island of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Archipelago which had marked the beginning of " Island Hopping" fought between Aug 1942 and February 1943, eventually succeed in forcing Japan to relinquish the islands -
Victory Gardens
*as a part of the war effort, the government rationed foods like sugar,butter,milk,cheese,eggs,coffee,meat,and canned goods
*the government turned to its citizens and encouraged them to plant "victory gardens"
*gardens helped make sure enough food and supplies were available for home and the troops during WW2 -
Douglas Macarthur
Was an American five star general and field marshal of the Philippine army. He was chief of staff of the U.S Army during the WW2 led the Island Hopping commander of the allied forces in the Southwest Pacific -
Bernard Montgomery
was a senior British Army officer who fought in both wars
During the Second war he commanded the British eight army
Commanded of the 21st Army group for the rest of the campaign in the northwestern Europe. It was essential to success on D-Day in 1944 as was his role as ground commander of the Anglo American forces under Eisenhower as as supreme allied commander -
flying tigers
*1st american volunteer group of the Chinese air force
*tigers primary mission was to protect the Burma road connecting the vital port at Rangoon with the rest of china
*Dec20,1941 tigers destroyed 4 Japanese bombers
Tigers had highest kill loss ratios of WW2 -
WAVES
women accepted for volunteer emergency service (WAVES) was created in 1942 in response to the need for additionally military personnel during WW2 were an official part of the navy it's members held the same official rank and ratings as male personnel. could not serve aboard combat ships or aircraft and initially were restricted to avity in the continental US of the end of ww2 there were over 8,000 female officers -
Bernard Montgomery
Senior British Army officer in the African European war (theater)
commanded the British 8th Army plus 21st army during the Euro campaign
was over all British Troops on June 6 1944 "D-DAY" -
isoroku yamamato
Japanese marshal admiral and commander in chief of the combined flect
played a vital role executed the surprise attack in Pearl Harbor which made Japan victory -
Erwin Rommel
field marshal Erwin Rommel was one of Germans most popular generals during the WW2 , on D-Day he discussed with other officers about surrendering. Due to his ties to the plot to over throw Hitler, he was murdered -
Chester W. Nimit 2
was leading the U.S army authority on submarines
he was the U.S.A last surviving officer who ranked as a fleet admiral
admiral Chester was appointed commander in Chief of the U.S pacific fleet just after pearl harbor
he commanded U.S forces at the battle of midway
this battle halted the Japaneses advance in the pacific -
Omar Bradley
was a highly distinguished 4 star general of the U.S. army who saw distinguished service in North Africa and western Europe during ww2
from the Normandy landings of June 6,1966 through to the end of the war in Europe he commanded all US ground forces invading Germany from the West
commanded 43 divisions w/1.3 million men -
Dwight D. Esenhower
he was a supreme commander of allied force
led the massive invasion of Nazi occupied Europe that began on the D-Day (June 6,1944)
Leading republicans convince Eisenhower(then in command of NATO forces in Europe) to run for president -
D-DAY
effected the war tide for the allies positively b/c the battle foreshadowed the end of Hitler's dream of Nazi domination D-Day was the largest air,land, and sea operation undertaken the landing included over 5,000 ships 11,000 airplanes and over 150,000 service men. by the end the allies had reached the Seine River, Paris was liberated and the Germans had been removed from Northwestern France , effectively concluding the Battle of Normandy -
Korematsu vs. United States
*Korematso was a Japanese-american convicted of staying in a restricted area
*He believed his constitutional rights were violated
*Roosevelt ordered that constitutional liberties may be limited during wartime
*This case went against the Executive Order 9066
* 50 years later congress apologized and payed reparations to JapAmericans -
Potsdam conference
Roosevelt(U.S), Churchill(UK), and Stalin(Russia) net in Yalta
they agreed on the Foundation of the United Nations, and that Germany would be divided into four zones occupied by Russia,UK,US,+France
Free elections would be passed soon after differences began to emerge -
The US and European Countries
In the U.S the war happened after the Great Depression. 30% unemployment was cut down to less than 5% after the employment boost due to the war. The European countries were left to rebuild. The US loaned money to the countries and Germany was rhe only country to fully pay it back in 1990 -
women and minority
while the men went to fight in the war the women were left to work in the factories. After the war men came back to reclaim their positions at factories but the women didn't want to give them up. Spooring up the feminist movement. in the war men of color fought along side white men for the first time. When they got back from the war they were treated with the same racial , creating the civil rights movement -
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Fair Deal
the new deal was published by president Harry S Truman and democrats and was intended to pass policies related to Franklin Roosevelt New deal
it was intended to set proposals at economic development and social welfare
fair deal included measures made to help aid education fax cut for law income people increase public housing and immigration deals and so oh but unfortunately most bills didn't pass -
Tuskegee Airmen
- African American military pilots (fighter&Bomber) who fought in WW2 *1st black service men to serve as military aviators in U.S. Armed forces
- U.S. air force did not yet exist as a separate entity. the army resisted using BlackMen as pilots but,in response to a pending lawsuit conceded to creating a segregated unit for them
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Fair deal
intended to do was intended to enact policies consistent with Franklin Roosevelt New deal
effected U.S economy *no health care or help for homeowners
President Truman veto of the Anti labor union Taft Hartley act was over ride by congress
most of president Truman fair deal programs did not pass -
George Patton
led the US 7th army in its invasion of Sicily and swept across Northern France
Patton's forces played a key role in defeating the German counter attack in the battle of bulge
Patton died in Germany in December 1945 of injuries sustained in an automobile accident -
George Marshall
secretary of state, George C. Marshall proposed that massive aid be given to the countries of war-ton Europe to rebuild their economies
Believed this aid would create strong European Allies and trading partners for the U.S.
plan included aid to Germany+Italy , in marked contrast to the policies of the voters following the WW2
plan was successful and benefited the American economy in helping to rebuild war torn Europe
