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Benito Mussolini
-In Italy, Benito Mussolini developed a new type of political party and seized power
-By 1921 Mussolini established the Fascist party
-Mussolini gradually extended Fascist control to every aspect of Italian life
-Fascism stressed nationalism and placed the interests of the state above those of individuals -
Joseph Stalin
-Joseph Stalin was a powerful communist leader in the early years of the soviet union.He was a dictator who terrorized the population and sent many people to prison and labor camps
-One of the communist leader's greatest task was collectivize farming.Stalinn created a state-owned farms
-While Stalin was the leader he steadily increased his power.Many of his enemies were shot or sent to siberia -
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Allied Powers
Great Britain, U.S, China, Soviet Union along with others.
Prime purpose was to defeat the axis powers and create a peaceful post War World. -
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Axis Powers
-Includes Germany , Japan, and Italy along with others
-prime purpose was to establish and maintain new order
-They supported each others goal for territorial expansion , wanted the destruction of the Soviet Union & acknowledged each others supremacy in their geographic area. -
Japan
Japan invaded Manchuria (China's eastern seaboard) because Japan was becoming very crowded without being able to expand because of being an island. Japan believed Manchuria was rich with minerals, so it was an obvious plan for Japan.
Japan withdrew form the League of Nations after a report of them invading Manchuria. -
Adolf Hitler
-In Germany, Adolph Hitler had followed a path to power similar to Mussolini's
In 1919 he joined a struggling group called the Nazi Party
-Hitler quickly became the party's leader
-He established a dictatorship as brutal or worse than Stalin's
-He was determined to achieve German domination of Europe -
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Advance Technology In WWII Part C
-Torpedoes was use to destroy submarines & ships from long distance,b/c bullets couldn't go far & do a lot of damaged
-Bombing Raids,were used to destroy anything in a certain are,such as factories that produce military equipment in WW2
-Wolf Packs were German submarines that had mass-attack tactics against convoys.A group of ships,warships,submarines that a attack a certain target all at once -
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Tuskegee Airmen/Flying Airmen
-Their main job was to provide escorts for pilots on bombing missions
-By 1944 the army had come under pressure to allow African Americans to engage in combat on the ground and also form and African American infantry division.
-flying tigers were recruited to send supplies and to engage in combat with Japanese pilots.
-flying tigers were all volunteered flying pilots from the U.S -
German Expansion
-Germany started acquiring German speaking areas lost after WW1 like Sudetenland(a section of France), Czechoslovakia, Hungary & Poland
- Increasingly a global political division emerged between democratic societies (U.S & Britain) and totalitarian states (Germany) actions-@1st nothing but when Germany did not stop an all out war occurred -
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Red Cross In WWII
-Began Blood Donor services in America to produce lifesaving plasma for the Armed Forces,served in hospitals,produce emergency supplies,collected scrap,ran victory gardens,& maintained training programs
-Become the Chief providers of relief supplies in Europe,served as field dinner,provided support for troops 10 perated clubs,& were attached to military hospital -
Germany
-At the beginning of the 1930's, Adolph Hitler is Nazi party exploited wide spread & deep-seated where discontent in Germany to extract popular & political support.
-During the st three years of WWII from when Sep.1939 through Nov.1942 a series of military victories permitted German domination of continent -
Rationing
-Rationing is the controlled distribution of scarce resource & goods
-Rationing items were gasoline,tires,meat,butter & jellies
-People had to use "Rationing Goods" which were issued to each family based on its size -
Civilian Defense Organization
-Roosevelt set up the Office of civilian Defense (OCD) to coordinate state and federal measures to protect civilians in war-related emergency. The OCD organized he u.s citizens defense corps. To recruit and train volunteers to perform essential tasks -
Rosie The Riverter
In 1945 nearly one out of every four married women worked outside the home,'Rosie the Riveter',star of a government campaign aimed at recruiting female workers for munitions industry,become perhaps the most iconic image of working women during the war -
War Bonds
-Way to remove money from circulation as well as reduce inflation
-People would buy bonds & the gov. promised to return to them w/interest after 10/yr or more
-Gov. needs the money to pay for war equipment -
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Code Talkers
-Nawajo code talkers played a key role in the Pacific campaign
-The American military needed an undecipherable code that would not be known by the Japanese
The Nawajo language is unwritten & extremely complex,American forces could transmit messages by telephone & radio in a code that Japanese were unable to break -
Lend Lease Program
-Gave the president the authority to "sell lease lend, or otherwise dispose of any defense article" to any nation whose defense he considered critical to that of the U.S
-Neutrality by claiming that loans were made in the interest of national defense; Goods were not destroyed or lost in battle were to be returned or paid for.
-it allowed the U.S to proved its allies with aid in the form of tanks, planes, ammunition and construction supplies -
Pear Harbor
-Japanese planes attacked the U.S. Naval base at Pearl Harbor,Hawaii territory
-The bombing killed more than 2,300 Americans,destroying the American battleship U.S.S
-"Yesterday,December 7,1941-date which will live in infamy the United States of America was suddenly & deliberatoly attacked by naval & air forces of the empire of Japan -
Executive Order 9066
-US presidential executive order signed & issued during WW2,by FDR,authorizing the secretary of war to prescribe certain areas as military zones,clearing the way for the deportation of Japanese
-The attack on Pearl Harbor in Dec.7,1941 led t growing suspicions largely by racism & fear about the loyalty of Japanese Army
-Japanese ancestry was classified as "Enemy Aliens"
-Curfews were instituted & assets were Frozen
-120k Japanese Army informed that the gov. would forcibly remove them from home -
Bataan Death March
-The Bataan Death March happened after the U.S Surrender of the Bataan Peninsula it affected the war tide in favor of the axis powers. Allies prisoners were forced to march 65 miles to prison Campos where thousands died from disease, mistreatment and salvation -
Battle of Midway
-The Battle of midway pushed the war tide in favor of the allied powers since if was one of the most decisive U.S victories against Japan
-The U.S inflicted permanent damage on the Japanese Navy This wars the turning pain of the U.S against Japan -
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U.S Offices of War Informaion
-Control the content & imagery of war messages & make citizens aware of how they could help in the war-effort
-Produce radio programs,news reels,asked citizens to contribute time & money,create products,conserve resources,donate,& stir up distrust to lower enemy & population morals to promote surrender -
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Island Hopping
-Island hopping was effecting the tide in favor of the allied powers b/c they kept pushing Japanese forces out of the islands through the offensive against the island of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Archipelago which had married the beginning of "Island Hopping" fought between August 1942 & February 1943, eventually succeed in forcing Japan to relinguish the island -
Waves
-Women accepted for volunteer emergency service(WAVES) was created in 1942 in response to the need for additional military personnel during WWII
-Waves were an official part of the Navy,it's members held the same rank & ratings as male personnel
-Waves could not serve aboard combat ships or aircraft,& initially were restricted to amity in the Continental U.S. at the end of WWII,there were 8,000 female officers -
Radar And M-1 Semi Automatic Rifle
-Used to create an electronic map of all objects in all directions and great distances away as possible
-Also to locate the precise position of previously detected target
-This was a great advantage for pilots cause it gave them the opportunity to attack a target at night
-It also detected incoming German and Japanese plans.
-Was a light and easy to use
-Caliber, gave soldiers more mobility and stronger fire power
-Used for everyday killing -
Douglas MacArthur
He was an American five-star general and field Marshall of the Philippine army.
-He was chief of staff of the U.S army during the 1930s and play a prominent role in the pacific theater during WW2
-Douglas MacArthur led the Island happening
-commander of the allied forces in the Southwest pacific -
Bernard Montgomery
-was a senior British army officer who fought in both wars , during the second war he commended the British eighth army.
-Commanded of the 21st army group for the rest of the campaign in the N.W. Europe. It was essential to success on d-day in 1944- as was his role as ground commander of the Anglo-american forces under Eisenhower -
Victory Gardens
-As part of the war effort,the government rationed foods like sugar,butter,milk,cheese,eggs,coffee,meat & canned goods
-The government turned to its citizen & encourage them to plant"Victory Gardens"
-Garden help make sure enough food & supplies were available for home & the troops during WWII -
Higgings Boat And Nuclear Weapons
-Higgins boat was a landing craft used extensively in amphibious landing in WWII. The craft was designed by Andrew Higgins based on boats made for operating in swamps & marshes
-In July 16,1945 president Harry Truman decided to use the atomic bomb against Japan.After bombs were dropped on Hiroshima & Nagasaki in Aug. 1945,Japan surrendered WWII, in which over 70 million people died when it was over. -
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WACS
-Women joined the new Women's Army Corps(WACS) after basic training most of these women took clerical jobs the military
-Women replaced jobs formerly held by men,such as shipbuilding & aircraft production
-The idea was to have women fill jobs held by men to send more men to war
-Between 1941-1945 more than 6.5 million women entered the workforce -
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Victory Corps
-The purpose of this students organization was to prepare high school students to aid in the war effort on home front
-Both girls and boys from white & African Americans school participated
-Students participated in a physical fitness program and enroll in a war effort class -
Chester W. Nimitz
Was leading the u.s navy authority on submarines He was the U.S.a lost surriving officer who ranked as a fleet adminral.
Admiral chest was appointed commander in the chief of the us pacific fleet just after Pearl Harbor -
Erwin Rommel
Field marshal Erwin Rommel was are of Germans most popular generals during WWI. on D-day he discussed with other officers about surrendering. due to his ties to the plot to over thrown Hitler ,he was murdered. -
Isorku Yamamoto
-Japanese Marshall admiral & commander in chief of the combined fleet
-Played avital role (executed the surprise attack)in pearl harbor which made japan victories -
George C Marshall
-Throughout the war,general George C. Marshall (1880-1959) acted as Chief of staff & the "organizer of victory".
-He worked closely with president Roosevelt to urge military preparedness before Pearl Harbor,built up & supplied an army of 8 million men, and later helped to oversea the creation of the first atomic bomb -
Dwight D. Eisenhower
-He was a supreme commander of allied forces
-Led the massive invasion of Nazi -occupied Europe that began on D-day (June 6,1944)
-Leading republican convince Eisenhower (then in command of N.A.T.O forces in Europe) to run for president. -
George Patton
-Led the U.S 7th army in its invasion of Sicily and swept across northern France
-Patton's forces played a key role in the featuring the German counterattack in the battle of the bulge
-Patton died in Germany in December 1945 of injuries sustained in a automobile accident. -
Omar Bradley
-Was a senior officer of the U.S. Army
-He was in services in North America & Western Europe during WWII
-He then became general of the 1st American Army to land in France -
D-Day
-Effected the War tide for the allies positively because the battle foreshadowed the end of Hitlers Dreams of Nazi domination . D-Day was the largest air, land, and sea operation undertaken the landing included over 5k ships, 11k airplanes, and over 150k service men. By the end the allies had reached the Siene River, Paris was liberated and the Germans had been removed from Northwestern France, Effectively concluding the Battle of Normandy -
Korematsu Vs U.S
-Fred Koremastsu,a Japanese US citizen refused to leave home in San Leandro,CA
-Court decided the nations security concern out-weighed the constitution promise of equal rights
-The Executive order 9066 banned Japanese alien & Non-alien from the US
-50 yrs later it was over turned by congress & an apology was given -
Postdam Conference
-The big three soviet leader Joseph Stalin, British prime Minister Winston Churchill replaced on July 26 by prime minster clement Attlee
-Roosevelt Churchill and Stalin met at Yalta to plan the reorganization of Europe at the end of the war agreed on the formation untied nations -
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Fair Deal
-The New deal was published by president Harry S. Truman and democrats & was intended to pass policies related to Franklin Roosevelt's new deal.
-It was intended to set propsells of economic development and Social Welfare.
-Fair deal included measures made to help aid eduation tax cut for low-income people increase public housing and immigration deals and so on, but unfortunetely most bills didn't pass -
Women And Minority
-While the men went to fight in the War the women were left to work in the factories. after the war men came back to reclaim their positions at factories. After the war men came back to reclaim their positions at factories but the women didnt want to give them up. Spuring up the feministic movement. In the war men of color fought along side white men for the first time. When they got back from the war they were treated with the same racial Slurs. Sparking the civil rights movement -
The U.S and Europeans Countries
In the U.S the war happened after the Great Depression 30% unemployment was cut down to less than 5% after the employment boost due to the war. The European countries were left to rebuild. The U.S lend money to the countries and Germany was the only country to fully pay it back in 1990