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North River Steamboat
Steamboats cut travel in half and were a compliment to the railroads, both for commercial and transportation. They allowed commerce and travel both upstream and down and ecourage trade by lowering costs and saving time. The downfall of the steamboat buring WESTWARD EXPANSION was the railroads using land to move products and not rivers. -
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New Immigration 1
Asians came for jobs and better living conditions. Europeans came for jobs and to avoid military service. Most came through Chicago or New York. Most Asian immigrants settled in the West like Cali. Europeans worked in factories, Asians as skilled labors and servants. -
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New Immigration 2
They immigrated for freedom and more opportunities, also to escape wars and escape persecution. -
Morse Code
Developed in the 1930s by Samuel Morse. Telegraph revolutionized long-distance communication. Communication over long distance and was more efficient then sending a messenger galloping off a horse back. New technology led to military on the railroad relied on morse code to provide reliable messeges via wires let to telephones, faxes and then cell phones. -
Bessemer Proccess
The Bessemer Proccess is the removal of impurities of iron by oxidation. Steel greatly imporved the productivity of railroads. Steel rails lasted 10 times longer than iron rails. Andrew Carnegie adopted the Bessemer Proccess for steel making for the Homestead steel works of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. Which made him the captain of industry -
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Tammany Hall and "Boss" Tweed
The politcal machine gained and used political power in major urban areas by housing regulations, profetionalized urban police forces. They offered jobs, food, fuel and traded good will for votes. Demanded services -
William M. "Boss" Tweed
Controlled thousands of New York City workers and influenced the operation of schools, hospitals, etc. He benefited from support of Irish immigrants. He brided to pass laws for self-interest, stealing millions from the city. He was eventaully arrested for corruption. Thomas Nasts' cartoon "Boos Tweed" influenced and caught the attention of many and influenced greatly. Nasts helped in stopping the corrupt leader of the city. -
Transcontinental Railroad
Connected the east coast to the west coast. A journey from New York to San Fransisco would take 6 months, but the railroad reduced it to 10 days. This also created a demand for steel in order to lay more tracks. The transcontinental railroad made shipments and travel more efficient. It allowed the cattle drive and farmers to transport product to the market. This also allowed settlers to move west for Homesteading. -
John D. Rockefeller
Formed the Standard Oil Company in Ohio in 1870. By the early 1880s he controlled 90% of the nations oils and pipelines until the Sherman anti-trust act was passed. Rockefeller participated in horizontal integration which is where he would purchase and take over other companies in the same industry to reduce his competition. This was called monopoly. He later became a philantropist and donated half a billion to education and science funding the establishment of the University. -
Americanization Day
The proccess of an immigrant to the United States of America becoming a person who shares american values, beliefs, customs and is assimilated into american society. It was originally called "americanization day" but replaced by "May Day" on May 1st. This was the celebration of the international worker day, which commemorates the 1886 haymarket massacre in Chicago. Bringing millions of immigrants into the american culture system. -
Hull House Event
Settlement in U.S founded in Chicago in 1889 by Jane Addams. They would teach english to all immigrants. they would help assimilate immigrants to American ways. -
Chinese Exclusion Act
As the economy of the U.S wasn't doing so well, the Chinese were getting blamed for the unemployment and declne wages because they were willing to work for low wages and were blamed for taking jobs. The act reflected American prejudices against Asians and was passed to lessen concerns about "Racial Purity". "The law restricted immigration to U.S. of chinese labors and their population did not expand much. Their wages were also cut as much as the white men. -
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Ellis Island
Immigrants filed past the doctor for the initial inspection. Located on the east coast. Newcomers who failed the inspection might be separated from their families and returned to Europe. -
Homestead Strike
*Carnegie Steel Co. was determined to break the union
*Locking the workers out of the plant.
*Frick (Companies Manager) sent for 300 Pinkerton guards but when they arrived they were met by 10,000 strikers, many of them armed.
*After an all-day battle, the Pinkertons surrendered.
*Carnegie & US Gov. help moved in quickly to -
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Angel Island
Located on the west coast. Chinese immigrants began corssing the pacificto arrive in the U.S mid 1800's. They mainly settled in California. In the early 1860's as the cental pacific railroad began. demand for workers increased as did chinese immigration. -
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Great Migration
During the Great Migration many african americans migrated to the North. They moved based on positives such as higher wages in jobs as well as family and friends already in the North. However many african americans moved to escape sharecropping, tenant farms and racism in the south. The population in Chicago doubled, in Cleveland it grew 3 times larger, Detroit grew by 6. Harlem in New York upper Manhattan was the largest city created by the movement. The Harlem Renaissance started at this time.
