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Period: to
The Great Depression
-One fourth of the labor force was out of work hourly wages dropped by 50% hundreds of banks had failed.Price for agricultural products dropped to their lowest level since war.
-The worst unemployment rate was in 1932 and it was 23.6% to 15 million was employed.
-The government instituted a sense of experimental projects and programs known collectively as the "New Deal" that aimed to restore prosperity to Americans.
-Many were deprived of their homes or were evicted -
Immigration During The Great Depression
Immigrants Act passed quotas on immigrants form Europe but not from Mexico
Mexicans freely entered the U.S. as long as they payed tax and passed a test
Many came to escape turmoil cased by the Mex revolution
Immigrants were taking all the jobs so Hoover passed a Mexican Reputation Act to send them back to Mexico -
Migrant Mother
Her photographs of migrant mother homeless,women,and children helped draw attention to the desperate conditions in rural America and helped to bring attention to the need for direct relief -
Dust Bowl
Human Causes
Framers had been plowing the grass lands for crops in central plains and trapping underground water supplies
Natural causes were 10 year drought was occurring
Farming had to move to California because their harvest was being destroyed.
The wind carried the top soil away this is why it was called Dust Bowl -
Period: to
Franklin D Roosevelt Presidency
-He defeated Herbert Hoover in the 1932 election.
-Only thing we have to fear itself "FDR was trying to say that our fear it's what's causing to go wrong it gave the American people government time to calm down & make recovery plans.
-The greatest problem was the widespread of unemployment due to the stock market crash of 1932 & the Dust bowl.
-FDR promised Americans a "New Deal" to put them back to work the 3Rs Relief,Recovery,and Reform. -
FDIC
Is the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
It's an Independent Agency of the U.S. federal government that Preserves Public confidence in the banking system by Insuring deposits
President Franklin Roosevelt signed the banking act in 1933 a part which established FDIC
This was part of Roosevelt's Reform Legislation during the new deal -
Period: to
The New Deal
The N.D helped recover from the depression.Relief -Provided temporary help to suffering and unemployed Americans Includes the SSA (Social Security Act) Recovery- Was to help the economy bounce back from the depression Includes the Agricultural Adjustment Act and the (National Industrial Act).Reform-Targeted the causes of the depression.Creating FDIC & Bank reform played a big part. He expanded the role of government through programs designed to restore public confidence and provide jobs -
21st Amendment
It passed in 1933
Repealed the 18th Amendment
Cause-Americas concerned about drinking
Effect-Brought an end to the era of national probation of alcohol in America
Even president Harding drank alcohol in the white house -
Francis Townsend 1933
Dr.Francis was a physician who devised the Townsend Plan
The plan promised to end the great depression by opening to the end the great depression by opening up jobs for workers ,while forcing seniors to spend money in the consumer economy
Adopted a version of the Townsend plan when the social security program was created -
Gold Reserve Act & The Gold Standard
Gold & Silver have provided two accepted forms of exchange
Came to end in 1933 when Pres.Roosevelt issued an executive order outlawing the owner ship of gold,except for jewelry
Roosevelt wanted people to rely on paper money in order to expand the money supply & stimulate economic activity
Fiat money is printed -
S.E.C Security & Exchange Commission
Was created to watch over the stock market prevent fraud & guard against another stock market collapse.
Part of the Reform in the 3R's.
Required public corporations to register their stock sales. -
Social Security Act
In the Pre-social security era almost no one had any reliable cash-generating form of retirement security.
It is an act to provide for the general welfare by enabling the states to make more adequate provisions for aged people and many others needing assistance.
Helps elderly people get checks for retirement due to the dedicated social security payroll taxes paid by employed and employer -
AAA-Agricultural Adjustment Acts
In 1936 the supreme court declared the AAA constitutional
Was a U.S federal law of the New Deal Era which reduced agricultural productions productions by paying farmers subsides not to plant on part of their land & to kill of excess livestock.
It's purpose to reduce crops surplus & therefore effectively raise the value of crops part of "Recovery in the 3R's -
Judicial Procedures Reform Bill 1937
Purpose:To obtain favorable ruling regarding New Deal legislation
Cause:Add more justices tot the US supreme court
Viewed:The congress saw it as Unconstitutional
Issued: He stepped pass presidential power& did not follow check&balance -
"Grapes of Wrath"
Author:John Steinbeck
Route 66-Main road of exodus for those fleeing from harsh economic and environmental conditions of the dust bowl
"Oakies"-They called immigrants workers this.It was a nickname that meant scum
Migrant Hopes
-They moved to find new means of survival
-Mild climate allowed for a long growing season in California & Steady Income
Reality
-They found low paying jobs
-Corporation owned farms -
William Randolph Hearst
-Hearst's reputation suffered in the 1930's as his political views changed in 1932
He was a major supporter of FDR his newspapers throughout 1933
Hearst broke with FDR in the spring of 1935 when president vetoed the pat man bonus bill