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Beniti Mussolinu
-In Italy,Benito Mussolini developed a new type of political party and seized power
-By 1921 Mussolini established the Fascist party
-Mussolini gradually extended Fascist control to every aspect of Italian life
-Fascism stressed nationalism and placed the interests of the state above those of individuals -
Joseph Stalin
-Joseph Stalin was a powerful communist leader in the early years of the Soviet Union.He was a dictator who terrorized the population and sent many people to prison and labor camps
-One of the communist leader's greatest task was collectivize farming.Stalin created a state owned farms
-While Stalin was the leader he steadily increased his power. Many of his enemies were shot or sent to Siberia -
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Allied Powers
-Allied Powers were a group of countries opposed to Axis Power
-They Joined Allies because the Axis powers were attacking the world
-The Allied countries were Japan,Germany,France,Poland -
Japan
-Japan invaded Manchuria (China's eastern seaboard) because Japan was becoming very crowded without being able to expand because of being an island. Japan believed Manchuria was rich with minerals, so it was an obvious plan for Japan
-Japan withdrew from the League of Nations after a report of them invading Manchuria -
Adolph Hitler
-In Germany,Adolph Hitler had followed a path to power,similar to Mussolini's
-In 1919,he joined a struggling group called the Nazi Party
-Hitler quickly became the party's leader he established a dictatorship as brutal or worst than Stalin
-He was determined to achieve German Domination of Europe -
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Advance Technology in WW2
-Torpedoes was use to destroy submarines & ships from long distance,b/c bullets couldn't go far & do lot of damaged
-Bombing raids,were used to destroy anything in a certain area, such as factories that produce military equipment in WW2
-Wolf packs were german submarines that had mass-attack tactics against convoys.A group of ships,warships,submarines that attack a certain target all at once -
Germany
-At the beginning of the 1930's, Adolph Hitler is Nazi party exploited wide spread & deep-seated where discontent in Germany to extract popular & political support
-During the three years of WW2 from when Sep,1939 through Nov.1942 a series of military victories permitted German domination of continent -
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Red Cross in WW2
-Began Blood Donor services in America to produce lifesaving plasma for the Armed Forces,served in hospitals, produced emergancy supplies,collected scrap,ran Victory Gardens & maintained training programs
-Become the chief providers of relief supplies in Europe,served as field dinner,provides support for troops 10 perated clubs & were attached to military hospital -
Axis Allience
-September 27,1940,Germany,Italy,and Japan signed the Tripartite pact,which became known as the Axis Alliance
-They had two common interest: 1)Territorial expansion and foundation of empires based on military conquest and the overthrow of the post-WW1 international order.2)The destruction of neutralization of Soviet Communism -
Lend Lease Program
-Purpose: Franklin Roosevelt introduced the Lend Lease Program to congress.It was intended to help Britain beat back Hitler -
Rosie The Riverter
-In 1945 nearly one out of every four married women worked out side the home,'Rosie the Riverter', star of a government campaign aimed at recruiting female workers for munitions industry,become perhaps the most iconic image of working women during the war -
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Code Talkers
-Nawajo code talkers played a key role in the Pacific campaign.
-The American military needed an undecipherable code that would not be known by the Japanese the new Nawajo language is unwritten &extremely complex,American forces could transmit messages by telephone & radio in a code that Japanese were unable to break -
Pearl Harbor
-Japanese planes attacked the U.S. Naval base at Pearl Habor,Hawaii territory
-The bombing killed more than 2,300 American battleship U.S.S.
-"Yesterday, December 7,1941-date which will live in infamy the United States of America was suddenly & deliberately attacked by naval & air force of the empire of Japan -
War Bords
-Way to remove money from circulation as well as reduce inflation
-People would buy bonds & the gov. promised to return to them w/ interest after 10yrs or more
-Gov needs the money to pay for the war equipment -
Civilian Defense Organization
-Roosevelt set up the Office of civilian Defense (OCD) to coordinate state and federal measures to protect civilians in war-related emergency.The OCD organized the U.S. citizens defense corps.To recruit and volunteers to perform essential tasks -
Executive order 9066
-US Presidential executive order signed & issued diring ww2,by FDR authorizing the Secretary of war to prescribe certain areas as military zones clearing the way for the deportation of Japanese
-The attack on Pearl Habor on December 7,1941 led to growing suspicions largely by;racism & fear about the loyalty of Japanese army
-Japanese ancestry was classified as "enemy aliens"
-Curfews were instituted & assets were frozen
-120k Japanese army informed that the gov. would forcibly remove them from -
Bataan Death March
-The Bataan Death March happened after tje US surrender of Bataan Peninsula it affected the war ride in favor of the Axis of Powers.Allied prisoners were forced to march 65 miles to prison Campos where thousands died from disease, mistreatment and salvation -
Bernard Montgomery
-Senior British army officer in the African & European war (Theater)
-Commanded the British 8th Army & 21st army during the Euro.Campaign
-Was over all British Troops on June 6, 1944 "D-Day" -
Battle Of Midway
-The battle of midway pushed the war ride in favor of the allied powers since it was one of the most decisive US victories against Japan
-The US inflicted permanent damage on the Japanese Navy this war eas the turning point of the US against Japan -
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Victory Corps
-The putpose of this students organization was to prepare highschool students to aid in the war effort on the front
-Both girls and boys from White & African Americans school participation
-Students participated in a physical fitness program and enroll in a war effort class -
Isoroku Yamamoto
-Japanese marshal admiral and commander in chief of combined fleet
-Played a vital role (executed the surprise attack) in Pearl Harbor which made Japan Victories -
Erwin Rommel
-Field Marshal Rommel was one of German's most popular general during WW2. On "D-Day" he discussed with other officers about surrendering.Due to his ties to the plot to overthrow Hitler he was murdered -
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WACS
-Women joined the new Women's Army Corps(WACS) after basic training most of these women took clerical jobs the military
-Women replaced jobs formerly heldby men, such as shipbuilding & aircraft production
-The idea was to have women fill jobs held by men to send more men to war
-Between 1941-1945 more than 6.5 million women entered the workforce -
Victory Gardens
-As part of the war effort, the government rationed foods like sugar,butter,cheese,eggs,coffee,meat & canned goods
-The government turned to its citizens & encouraged them to plant "Victory Gardens"
-Garden help make sure enough food & supplies were available for home & the troops during WW2 -
Omar Bradley
-Was a senior officer of the US army
-He was in service in North America and Western Europe
-He then became General of the first American army to land in France -
Dwight D. Eisenhower
-He was a supreme commander of allied forces
-Led the massive invasion of Nazi-occupied Europe that began on D-Day (June 6,1944)
-Leading republican convince Eisenhower (then in command of N.A.T.O. forces in Europe) to run for President -
George C. Harshing
-Acted as chief of staff and the "Organizer of Victory"
-Worked closely w/ Roosevelt,To Urge military to prepare before Pearl Harbor
-Built a army of S military men
-Later helped oversee the creation of the first atomic bomb -
George Patton
-Led the U.S. 7th army in its invasion of Sicily and swept across Northern France
-Patton's forces played a key role in the German counterattack in the battle of the nulge
-Patton died in Germany in December 1945 of injuries sustained in a automobile accident -
George C. Marshall
-Throughout the war,general George C. Marshall (1880-1959) aced as chief of staff & the "organizer of victory"
-He worked closely with President Roosevelt to urge military preparedness before Pearl Harbor, built up & supplied an army of 8 million men,and later helped to oversea the creation of the first atomic bomb -
D-Day
-Effected the war tide for the Allies positively b/c the battle foreshadowed the end of Hitler's dream of Nazi domination.D-Day was the largest air,land,and sea operation undertaken.The landing included over 5,00 ships,11,000 airplanes,and over 150,000 service men.By the end the Allies had reached the Seine River,Pans was liberated and the Germans had been removed from Northwestern France,effectively concluding the battle of Normandy -
Korematsu vs U.S.
-Fred Korematsu, a Japanese U.S. citizen refused to leave home in San Leandro,CA
-Court decided the nations security concern out-weighed the constitution promise of equal rights
-The Executive order 9066 banned Japanese alien & Non-alien from the U.S.
-50yrs later it was over turned by congress & an apology was given -
The U.S.&European countries
-In the US the war happened after the Great Depression. 30% unemployment was cut down to less than 5% after the employment boost due to the war.The European Countries were left to rebuild.The US lended money to the countries, and Germany was the only country to fully pay it back in 1990. -
Postdam Conference
-The big three Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, British prime Minister Churchill replaced on July 26 by prime Minister Clement Attlee
-Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin met at Yalta plan the reorganization of Europe at the end of the war agreed on the Formation United Nations -
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Fair Deal
-The New Deal was published by President Harry S. Truman and democrats & was intended to pass policies related to Franklin Roosevelt's new deal
-It was intended to set propsells of economic development and Social Welfare
-Fair Deal included measures made to help aid eduation tax cut for low-income people increase public housing and immigration deals and so on,but unfortunately most bills didn't pass -
Women & Minority
-While the men went to fight in the war the women were left to work in the factories.After the war men came back to reclaim their positions at factories but the women didn't want to give them up spuring up the feministic movement.In the war men of color fought along side white men for the time.When they got back from the war they were treated with the same racial siurs. Sparking the Civil rights movement -
Chester W. Nimitz
-Was leading the U.S. navy authority on submarines he was the U.S. lost surviving officer who ranked as a fleet admiral
-Admiral chest was appointed commander in the chief of the U.S. Pacific fleet just after Pearl Harbor -
Rationing
-Rationing is the controlled distribution of scarce resources & goods
-Rationing items were gasoline,tires,meat,butter&jellies
-People had to use "rationing goods" which were issued to each family based on its size -
German Expansion
-Germany started acquiring German speaking areas lost after WW1 like Sudetenland(A section of France),Czechoslovakia,Hungary & Poland
-Increasingly a global political division emerged between democratic societies(U.S.&Britain) and totalitarian states(Germany) actions-at 1st nothing but when Germany did not stop an all out war occured