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benito mussolini
fascism was an authoritarian political movement that developed in italy and other europeans countries after 1919
fascist program emphasized intense nationalism productivism anti socalism elitism and the need for a strong leader mussolini -
joseph stalin ussr
joseph stalin was a powerful commmunist leader in the early years of the soviet union he was a dictator who terrorized the population and send many people to prision and labor camps
one of the communist leaders greatest task was collectivize farming stalin created a state owned farms
while stalin was the leader he steadily increased his power many of his enemies were shot or sent to siberia -
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Allied powers
Great britian vs China & soviet union along with others
- Prime purpose was to defeat the axis powers and create the peaceful post of world war -
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axis power
-includes germany japan and italy along with other
Prime purpose was to establish and maintain a new order
they supported each other goal territortal expansion wanted the destruction of the soviet union and knowledge each other supremacy in their geographic area -
japanese expansion
In september 1931 japan army moved into machuria after an explosion damaged a railway line near the city of Mukdenn
Wanted to control china and its asian markets
they could use for economic prosperity ad trading routes would be a key role for the spread of their imperialism -
adolf hitler germany
a dictatorship requires one person and one party to be in control of a nation
personal freedom dissapears in nazi germany
hitler asked hinderburg to grant him emergancy power to the view of the communist takeover -
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tuskegee airmen
their main job was to provide escorts for pilots on bombing missions
by 1944 the army had come under pressure to allow african americans to engage in combat on the ground
and also form an african american infantry division -
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flying tigers
flying tigers were recruited to send supplies and engage in combat with japanese pilots
flying tigers wre all volunteered flying pilots from the U.S. -
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advance technology in ww2 part c
torpedoes was used to destroy submarines and ships from long distance b/c bullets couldnt go far and do alot of damage
bombing raids were used to destroy anything in a certain area such as factories that produce military equipment in WW2
wolf packs were german submarines that had mass-attacks tactics against convoys. a group of ships, warships and submarines that attack a certain target at once -
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warbonds and rationing
war bonds- the sale of war bonds also reduced the amount of currency in the economy also helping to keep inflation rates down 85 million americans bought bonds into the federal treasury to help with the war efforts
rationing- ration coupons were used for essential goods like food capse tires gasoline and evem clothing further the war efforts in WW2 -
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victory corps
the purpose of this student organization was to prepare high school students to aid in the war efforts on the homefront and the frontliness -
Germany expansion
-Germany started acquiring German speaking areas lost after ww1 like Sudetenland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary & Poland
-Increasing a global political division emerged between democratic societies and totalitarian states (Germany) actions, at first nothing went Germany did not stop an all out war occured -
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volunteerism in ww2
at home:
began blood donor services in american to produce live saving plasma for the armed forces saved in hospitials produced emergency supplies collected scrap run victory gardens and maintaining training programs
overseas
became the chief providers of relief in europe served as field director provided support for troops operated clubs and were attended to militaryhospital -
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volunteerism in ww2
at home:
began blood donor services in american to produce live saving plasma for the armed forces saved in hospitials produced emergency supplies collected scrap run victory gardens and maintaining training programs
overseas
became the chief providers of relief in europe served as field director provided support for troops operated clubs and were attended to militaryhospital -
Period: to
volunteerism in ww2
at home:
began blood donor services in american to produce live saving plasma for the armed forces saved in hospitials produced emergency supplies collected scrap run victory gardens and maintaining training programs
overseas
became the chief providers of relief in europe served as field director provided support for troops operated clubs and were attended to militaryhospital -
M1 semi automatic rifle and radar
M1- the design of the M1 allowed the americans to five more shots against their germans and japanese
Radar- battles were won by the side that was first to spot enemy airplanes ships or submarines the radar helped see hundreds of miles away even at night -
rationing
rationing is the controlled distrution of scarce resources and goods
rationing items were gasoline tires meats butter and jellies
people had to use rationing goods which were issued to each family based on its size -
lend lease program
purpose: FDR introduced the lend lease program to congress. it was intended to help Britian beat back hitlers advances while keeping america only indirectly involved in ww2
result: lend lease program provided for military and to any country whose defense was vital to the security of the united states
effect: lend lease program was the principal way to get out of the great depression -
civilian defense organization
Roosevelt set up the office of civilian defense to coordinate state and federal measures to project civilians in war related emergancy . the OCD organized the us citizens defense corps to recruit and train volunteers to perform essential task -
rosie the riveter
was a cultural icon during ww2 representing the women who worked in factories many who produced munitions or supplies -
rosie the rivete
was a cultural icon during WW2 represented the women who worked in factories many who produced munitions or war supplies -
women in the military
wacs women army corps
auxiliary unit
women were doing office things while men in the office were shipped over seas to fight
the women did paper work supply food telegrams etc
waves women accepted for volunteer emergency service in the navy
at the end of WW2 the women couldnt stay in the navy -
pearl harbor
2 waves of japanese airplanes attacked the U.S. pacific fleet stationed in pearl harbor
attacked sank 18 U.S. ships
damaged 260 airplanes
killed and injured 6000 americans
famous quote "a date which will live in infamy the united states of america was suddenly and deliberatly attacked by naval and air forces of the empire of japan" -
executive order
-Was a US presidental executive order and signed during WW2 by FDR
The document ordered the removal of resident enemy allies from parts of the West vaguely identified as military areas
9066 affected italian and german americans the largest numbers of detainees were by far japanese
-This order permitted military commanders to require Japanese american to relocate to the interior internment camps away western coastal regions -
Douglas MacAuthur
-Was an american five star general and field marshall of the philippine army. He was Chief of staff of the U.S army during the 1930s and during WW2 led the island hopping commander of the allied forces in the southwest pacific -
Bernard Montgomery
-Was a senior british army officer who fought in both wars
-during the second war he commited the british eighth army
-committed on the 21st army group for the rest of the campaign
-In the w=north western europe essential to success on d-day in 1944 as his role as grand commander of the anglo american forces under eisenhower as supreme allied comander -
bataan death march
the bataan death march happened after the U.S. surrender of the Bataan paninsula it affected the war tide in favor of the axis powers. allied prisoners were forced to march 6.5 miles to prison campos, where thousand died from disease mistreatment and stantation -
battle of midway
the battle of midway pushed the war tide in favor of the allied powers since it was one of the most decivise U.S. victories against Japan
the U.S. inflicted permant damage on the japanese navy *this was the turning pain of U.S. against Japan -
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US office of war information
Responsibilities- production of pro allied, anti axis propanganda such as movies and posters to make citizens aware of how they could help in the war effort
activities- The OWI produced its own radio, programs released its own newsreels and required that all movies produced during the war contribution some way to the war effort -
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Island hopping
Island hopping was effecting the tide in favor of the allied powers b/c they kept pushing japanese forces out of the islands, through the offensive against the island of Guadalcanal in the solomon archipelago which had marred the beginning of "island hopping" fought between august 1942 and february 1943 eventually succeed in forcing japan to relinguish the island -
victory garden
as part of the war effort the government rationed fod like sugar butter milk cheese eggs coffee meat and canned goods
the government turned to its citizens and encouraged them to plant victory gardens -
higgins boats
higgins boats were a landing craft used extensively in amphibious landing in ww2 the craftswere designed by andrew higgins based on the boats made for operations in swamps or marshes -
isoroku yamamato
japanese marshal admiral and commander in chief of the combined fleet
played a vital role (executed the suprise attack) in pearl harbor which made japan victories -
chester w nimitz
was lending the us army authority on submarines
he was the last surviving officers who ranked as a fleet admiral
admiral chester was appointed commander in chief of the us pacific fleet just after pearl harbor
he commanded us forces at the battle of midway
this battle hatted the unurposed advance in the pacific -
erwin rommel
field marshal
germans most popular generals during ww2
on dday he discussed with officers about surrending
due to his ties to the plot to overthrow hitlers he was murdered -
george patton
led the US 7th army in its invasion of sicily and swept across northern france
Pattons forces played a key role indefeating the german counter attack in the battle of bulge
patton died in germany in december 1945 of injuries sustained in an automobile accident -
Dwight D Eisenhower
-he was a supreme commander of allied forces
-led the massive invasion of nazi-occupied europe that began on D-day (june 6, 1944)
-leading republicans convince Eisenhower
(the in command of NATO forces in europe) to run for president -
george marshall
-secretary of state, george c marshall, proposed that massivie aid be given to the countries of war torn Europe to rebuild their economies
believed this aid would create strong european allies and trading partners for the U.S
plan included aid to germany+ italy, in marred contrast to the policies of the voters following ww1
plan was successful and benefited the american economy in helping to rebuild war torn europe -
omar bradley
was a highly distinguished 4 star general of the US army who saw distinguished service in north africa and western europe during ww2
from the normandy landing of june 6 1944 through to the end of the war in europe he comanded all U.S. ground forces including germany from the west
commanded 43 divisons w/ 1.3 million men -
D-Day
effected the war tide for the allies positively b/c the battle foreshadowed the end of hitlers dream of nazi domination D-DAY was the largest air land and sea operation undertaken the landing included over 5000 ships, 11000 airplanes and over 150000 service men by the end the allies had reached the seine river, paris was liberated and the Germans had been removed from northwestern france affectively concluding the battle of normandy -
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liberation of concentration camps
pushed towards the victory for the allies because they were slowly starting to shut down hiitlers operations on the nazi take over
the soviets were the first to reach a concentration camps,majdenenek near lubin poland due to the rapid soviets advance the germans had burned the camps but the gas chambers were left stannding
the soviets also overran the sites of the belzec sobrbar treblinca and auschwitz the largest concentration camps -
korematsu vs U.S.
1944 was a land mark united states supreme court case concerning the the constitution of executive order 9066 which ordered japanese americans into internement camps during ww2 regardless of citizenship -
postdam conference
The big three soviet leader Joesph stalin british prime minister winston churchill replaced on july 26 by prime minister clement attlee
Roosevelt churchil and stalinmet at yalin to plan the reorganization of europe at the end of the war agreed on the formation united nations -
nuclear weapons
president trumen decided to use the atomic bomb against japan after bombs were dropped on hiroshima and nagasaki8 in august japan surrended ww2 in which over 70 million people died when it was over -
The U,S and european countries
in the us the war happened after the great depression 30 % unemployeement was cut down to less than 5% after the employment boost due to the war. The european countries were left to rebuild. the us lended money to the countries and germany was the only country to fully pay it back in 1990 -
women and minority
while the men went to fight in the war the women were left to work in the factories. after the war men came back to reclaim their positions at factories but the women didnt want to give them up. spuring up the feministic movement. in the war men of color fought along side white men for the first time. when they got back from the war they were treated with the same racial siurs. sparking the civil right movement -
Fair deal 1945-1953
the new deal was published by president henry s truman and democrats and was intended to pass policies related to franklin roosevelts new deal
it was intended to set proposals of economic development and social welfare
fair deal included measures made to help aid education fax cut for low income people increase public housing and immigration deals and so on but unforunetely most bills didnt pass