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Friedrich Engels (November 28,1820, to August 5, 1895)
From operating the family business during the day to writing by night. These writings were the early versions of scientific socialism alongside Karl Marx. He planned to reveal the contradictions in liberal economic doctrine and how the system is made of "millionaires and paupers". Known for his close collaboration with Karl Marx. Hammen, Oscar J. “Friedrich Engels.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 1 Aug. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Friedrich-Engels. -
William Whewell (May 24, 1794–1866)
Like many philosophers of his time, he was known to have many great philosophical ideas. William's biggest breakthrough was his ideals on failure. “Every failure is a step to success. Every detection of what is false directs us towards what is true.
Along with this gift to science, he was also known for coining the word scientist. Sack, Harald. “William Whewell and the History of Science.” SciHi Blog, 1 June 2022, -
John Dewey, (October 20, 1859— June 1, 1952)
Cofounder of the pragmatism philosophical model and functional psychology. Dewey had argued that philosophy had become over technical and intellectualistic disciplines. His mission was to reconect philosophy to the education of living. Going with the Darwinian evolutionary theory, philosophy should be seen as an activity done by the individual. Hildebrand, David. “John Dewey.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Stanford University, 1 Nov. 2018, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/dewey/. -
Niels Henrik David Bohr (October 7,1885 to November 18,1962)
Recipient of a Nobel prize in physics, Niels Bohr stated along with Werner Heisenberg, that the result of an experiment in quantum physics depended on the free choice of the experimenter as to what to measure. Bohr wanted the freedom of choice including which specific property to measure for. This turned into what we know now as the uncertainty principle. Niels Bohr, https://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/scientists/bohr/. -
Ernest Nagel (November 16, 1901 - September 20, 1985)
Nagel proposed one of philosophy's earliest and most important works, The Structure of Science. He created bridge laws that could translate the terminology of one science to another. He developed the theory that social and behavioral sciences could be translated into physical sciences. Nagel E (2017, August 17) Ernest Nagel Retrieved August 30 2022 https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Ernest_Nagel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQyEMbeFNqM&ab_channel=PhilosophyOverdose