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The Beginning of Schooling
Americans wanted to keep teaching their Puritan ways to the children and for every 50 families there would be an elementary school and for every 100 families a Latin school (Historical Timeline of Public Education). They wanted to make sure the children could read the Bible and teach them about their religion. “School masters” were the teachers hired in Boston who would educated large classes. Education was considered private and for the rich. Public schools did not exist yet. -
Thomas Jefferson Education System
Thomas Jefferson introduced the idea of teaching labor and educating together. He proposed A Bill for the More General Diffusion of Knowledge that gave scholarships and an education to the working classes. He also created free elementary schools for all genders. They would learn "basic literacy" and math to be able to use in their everyday life. -
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Free Education
In 1790, Pennsylvania states rich people still have to pay for their education and free education for the poor. Business men form New York Public School Society in 1805. It was for the poor and one "master" taught hundreds of students. The older children were instructed by the master and would turnover the material to the younger children. Later, a petition is started for a free public school system in the Boston Town Meeting (Historical Timeline of Public Education). It required taxes. -
Industrial Revolution
During the Industrial Revolution, many immigrants arrived and having a system was needed to set order. Getting a public education was still a large debate and many did not support it. Many propositions against immigrants getting an education were brought up along the way. School was still considered for the rich, blacks could not get an education, and schools became segregated. -
Plessy Vs Ferguson
The Plessy vs Ferguson cases was ruled by the idea of "separate but equal" by the Supreme Court. This allowed the states to separate races in public places. In Louisiana, Homer Plessy was told to move and sit in the back of the train. He felt his constitutional rights were violated, but the Supreme Court disagreed. Due to the event, Jim Crow Laws were passed and segregation was allowed (History.com Editors). (https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/plessy-v-ferguson) -
Brown v. the Board of Education, Topeka
In Topeka, Kansas, the supreme court ruled segregation in public schools as unconstitutional and violating the children's rights. Many people were against it and disagreed with it.The Supreme Court announced for schools to desegregate in 1955. It was supposed to give an equal opportunity in schools but are still segregated in 1998 (Wagoner and Haarlow). -
Engel Vs Vitale
The New York School system required student to say a prayer about God after the Pledge of Allegiance.The Supreme Court ruled students can dismiss themselves from the activity. A parent sued on behave of a student. People felt has the government was interfering with religion (United States Court). (https://www.uscourts.gov/about-federal-courts/educational-resources/supreme-court-landmarks) -
Miranda v. Arizona
The Supreme Court made the decision of policy reading the Miranda Rights when a person is being asked questioned. It is warning police should given when someone is in custody. In Arizona, Ernesto Miranda was taken into custody and interrogated by police because he was accused of rape. He was not made aware of his Fifth and Sixth Amendment. His attorney applied to the Arizona Supreme Court (United States Court). -
Title IX
Title IX prohibits sexual discrimination in educational institutions with federal funding. It violates constitutional rights and "Title IX's...protections apply to student recruitment, admissions, educational programs..., research, housing, counseling, financial and employment assistance, health and insurance benefits and health services" (Office for Civil Rights). For example, one person can't be given a certain rule or treatment, because rights can't be limited. -
Education of all Handicapped Children Act
The law allowed an chance for handicapped children get an education is known as Public Law 94-142. Children who did attend school before got segregated. It was difficult at first to adjust the classroom setting for children with disabilities without special help (Moody). The movement was started by African Americans and women. (http://commons.trincoll.edu/edreform/2012/05/the-education-for-all-handicapped-children-act-a-faltering-step-towards-integration/) -
Pyler Vs Doe
The Supreme Court ruled that children cannot be deprived of an education if due to their immigration statues (American Immigration Council) (https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/research/plyler-v-doe-public-education-immigrant-students) -
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier Podcast
The Supreme Court stated freedom of speech can be limited if it does not fit with the educational curriculum. Students from Hazelwood High School became upset when their teacher removed articles from their newspaper without being told. They felt their first amendment violated and took it to the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri. The court agreed with the school and the students took it to the Supreme Court (United States Court).
