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Period: to
henry cabot lodge
-he strongly supported both imperialism and a stronger navy
-he was in charge of the congressional committee that was in charge of investigators
-was against joining the league of nations and felt the US would lose its freedom of action
-imperialism- a policy of ex trading a countrys power and influence through diplomacy and military force -
Period: to
alfred thayer mahan
-theodore roosevelt was one of mahans follwers
-his book he wrote influence of sea power upon history
-argued to achieve world power a country headed a power navy
-naval bases to provide fueling station -
Period: to
presidency of stanford b dole
- the US navy use hawaii as a gas station -he helped overthrow the queen of hawaii and shortly afterwards he had gotten elected president of hawaii which led to the annexation of hawaii to the US -he was born in hawaii, and his family developed the pineapple company
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sinking of the USS maine
-the maine was sent to cuba to protect american citizens while the cuban revolutionaries were fighting spain for independence
-the newspaper writers on blamed spain for the explosion so there was a public uproar
-many americans saw this as a chance to seize other overseas possessions and begin building an american empire -
Period: to
expanding world power
in this period, america changes their view from internal expansion and domestic issues to becoming a global force, both economically and militarily -
Period: to
spanish american war
-was a conflict between the US and spain
-the war was to end spanish colonial rule in the US and a chance for the US to be an empire
-it was the western pacific and latin america like the philippines, samoa, guam, wake island, and cuba
-congress support a modernization program that would make american navy effective and strong -
Period: to
theodore roosevelt- rough riders
-assisant secretary of the navy theodore roosevelt raised a volunteer force known as the "rough riders" acting with other army regiments. they defeated spanish forces at san juan hill in cuba -
open door policy
-purpose of the policy was to give all nations equal rights when trading with china
-the treaty would oppose any attempts by other nations to use the rebellion as an excuse to dismember cina
-this policy was the US attempt towards world power -
Period: to
presidency of theodore roosevelt
-roosevelt unexpectedly became the 26th president of the US after assassination of mckinley
-roosevelt "square deal" domestic program included a promise to battle large industrial combinations
-foreign policy was to bring the US out of its isolationism and fill its responsibility as a world power
-after the death of garret hobart, theodore became vice president -
Period: to
panama canal
-the panama canal took 10 years to build
-the price of the build was $403 million
-the US helped free panama from colombia to get access for the build -
sinking of lusitania
-less than a year after ww1 a german u-boat the RMS, a british ocean liner route from new york to liver pool, england -
roosevelt corollary
-was created by theodore roosevelt
-convinced that all of latin america was vulnerable to european attack.
-president roosevelt dusted of the monroe doctrine and added his own corollary
-monroe doctrine blocked further expansion of europe in the western hemisphere, roosevelt corollary
-was used to justify US intervention through the hemisphere -
Period: to
dollar diplomacy
-was to create stability and order abroad that would best promote american commercial interests
-to improve financial opportunities to use private capital further US interest overseas
-taft administration concentrated in assisting american businessmen in the protection and expansion of investment and trade, especially in latin america and far east. if latin american countries did not pay their debt to the US government sent marines to collect -
Period: to
ww1
-central powers consist of austria-hungary, germany, bulgaria, and the ottoman empire
-allied powers are serbia, russia, france, the united kingdom, italy, belgium, bosnia and the united states
-the cause of the war the assassination of archduke franz ferdinand at sarajevo on june 28th -
Period: to
weapons of total war
submarines (U boats)
-submarines or u-boats were created to fight war in sea
-developed to gain advantage in warfare
-extremely effective against merchant ships, and hindering the allies of supply line
-explosive device concealed under water or on ground to destroy or disable enemy targets ranging from combatants to vehicles and tanks as they passed over or near it
-developed to create tactical barriers channeling attacking forces
-decreased the use of submarines -
Period: to
weapons of total war part 3
-poison gas
-extremely powerful blistering effect on its victims. it harass disable the enemy and pollute the battlefield. germans had more chance on winning the battle tanks
-lead the charge across no mans land to protect both the vehicles and the men caused by early trench warfare
-french directory decided that something needed to be done about the military's food supply
canned food
-food last longer, it was relatively easy to mass produce and deliver -
Period: to
weapons of total war part 2
machine guns
-fully automatic mounted or portable firearm, design to fire bullets in a quick succession from an ammunition belt
-developed for rapid firing
-one of the most deadliest and devastating weapons
trench welfare
-method of fighting were opposing armies fought from and defended their territories using a system of dug out trenches
-to construct a thought out system that underwnt constant revision
-protected men from machine guns -
german unrestricted submarine warfare
-germany declared the area around the british isles a war zone, which all ships would be attacked by the german navy. a string of attacks on merchant ships followed, culminating the sinking of the lusitania by a german u-boat
-the incident prompted US president woodrow wilson to send a note to the german government demanding an end to german attacks against unarmed merchant ships, and the german navy commanders, did not accept this degree of passivity, and continued -
sussex pledge
the sussex pledge was a promise made in 1916 during ww1 by germany to the US prior to the latters entry into the war. Early in 1915 germany has instituted a policy of unrestricted ships, but not passenger ships to be torpedoed without warning -
zimmerman telegram
-this was a message from the german foreign minister to mexico government.
-this war between the US and germany is published on the front pages of newspapers across america to help her bring america into ww1 -
american expeditionary force
-commanding general was john j pershing
-the AEF's nickname was "doughboys"
-they had more than 500,000-1,000,000 men, the AEF sustained about 320,000 casualties and 204,000 wounded during the war
U.S. divisions were deployed with french and british units to gain combat experience by defending relatively quiet sectors of their lines. the AEF helped push the allied powers toward victory under the command of general john j pershing -
fourteen point plan
-the fourteen point plan ideas were distributed would wide by the government writing for george creel in the american commitee on public information
-millions of copies of booklets and pamphlets that explained wilsons plans were distributed to allied nations and dropped from planes above germany
-allies agreed to accept the fourteen points as the basis for the country peace negotiations if wilson would agree to two reservations -
Battle of Argonne Forest
-the AEF assembled 600,000 soldiers + 40,000 pieces of artillery
-a total of 1.2 million americans were involved 117,000 were killed or wounded
-fought through the hilly terrain shattered the german line
-final allied offensive of world war 1 that structured along the entire western front to help end the war -
Alvin York
- he was said to kill over 20 german soldiers and captures an additional 132 at the head of a small detachment in the argonne forest near the meuse river in france -the german commander had underestimated the size of the enemy squadron, surrendered his garrison of 90 men -york was awarded the highest american military decoration, the congressional medal of honor
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Supreme court
-issue: the first amendment violated when congress makes a law that punishes opinions against the war.
-congress passed a law called the esponage act which said that during wartime obstructing the draft was a crime
-the court ruled that there is limits to free speech. free speech is not protected from falsely "fire" in a crowded theater and causing panic. the first amendment did not protect words that create a "clear and present danger" -
treaty of versailles
-the treatys of terms was germany to take the blame, germany had to give up land to france, and 4 other countries, germany had to pay for all reparations, and the german army was limited to 100,000 men. the league of nations was created.
-the U.S. saw this treaty as an unfair punishment, so woodrow proposed 14 points.
-the U.S. was offered to join the league but turned it down because of foreign affairs, so the U.S. went into isolation until the stock market crash. -
schenck v united states
-he distributed thousands of flyers to american servicemen recently drafted to fight in ww1, the flyers asserted that the draft amounted to "involuntary servitude" and that the war itself was motivated by capitalist greed, and urged draftees to petition for repeal of the draft.
-the courts ruling was schenck got sent to jail for six months
-his speech created a clear and present danger of insubordination in wartime, and was a man who cries "fire!" in a crowded theater causing a panic. -
league of nations
-the treaty created the league of nations, an organization of nations pledged to defend each other against aggressors
-the US congress denied president wilsons 14 points along with the league of nations
-the league was severely weaken when several major powers such as the US and russia failed to join