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The Revolution
-This newspaper was established by workers rights activist Susan B Anthony and Elizabeth Cody Stanton
-It's primary focused on workers rights, especially women's suffrage , is the fight of women to vote in elections
-It helped them strengthen their movement and prepare the way for an organization to represent women's rights -
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People's Party
-The purpose of the "peoples party" was to increase in the money supply to help for farmers and any workers
-The purposed were to mainly towards struggled farmers and desperate laborers
-The movement is associated with grange(the farmers movement)
-The populists programs eventually become the platform of the democratic party and keeps alive the concept that the government is responsible for the reforming social injustices
-James B Weaver , was the populist candidate. -
Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
-WCTU fought for prohibition, the banning of alcoholic beverages, wanted immigrants and poor city dwellers to uplift themselves
-Frances Wilard help transform the Union from a small Mid-Western religious group to a national organization
-Aroused tension btw immigrants b/c their customs included alcohol consumption -
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Harsh Working Conditions
-Children as young as 6yrs old worked hard hrs for little or no pay
-Women mostly found jobs in domestic service, textile factories, and spice work shops
-Children sometimes worked up to 19 hrs w/ 1 break
-Women were paid less than half and children a third of what men make
-Worked in dangerous locations
- If one was hurt head or arm was cut off -
Assassination of President James Garfield
-Shots came from .44 British Bulldog , which the assassin Charles J. Guiteau , had purchased specifically because he thought it would look impressive in a museum
-He had killed Garfield because of the President's refusal to appoint him to a European consulship
-The assassin was know around Washington as an emotionally disturbed man
-He was convinced that is a God's work -
Pendleton Act
-Patronage system is a practice in which a political party after winning an election gives govt. jobs to its supporters
-Merit system is the process of promoting and hiring govt. employees based on their ability to perform a job
Cause
-President Garfield was shot two times by Charles Guitcom whom turned a job down Chester Arthur became president
Effect
-Officials could no longer pressure employees for campaign contributions -
Interstate Commerce Act of 1887
-Railroad rates to be "reasonable and just" but didn't empower the gov. to fix specific rates
-Designated to regulate the railroad and industrial businesses
-This as the 1st federal law to regulate private businesses
-This law created a federal agency,ICC , RR rates & regulations -
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The Progressive Era
-The progressive era was a time of social and political reforms during which corruption and social differences were exposed many changes were made to American Society
-PROGRESSIVE ERA WAS A TIME OF REFORM SUCH AS THE INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM (VOTE) -
Sherman Antitrust Act
-This act made it illegal to form a trust (turned their stock over to a group or a person to control the company to have absolute power)
-The act prohibited monopolies having good conmpetiion with other companies and their industry
-Companies under the Sherman Act was not easy because it didn't clearly define terms such as "trust"
-Created because of Rockefeller/Standard Oil Company -
Red Record
Author: Ida B. Wells
Lynching in the U.S
Educated America to help stop crimes against Southern African Americans & help start NAACP For African American rights -
Plessy V. Ferguson
-Tested the constitutionality of segregation
-Supreme Court ruled that the separation of races in public accomodations was legal & didnt violate the 14th ammendment
-Separate but equal allowed states to maintain separated facilities as long as they provided equal services
-Permitted legal segregation for almost 60 yrs -
The Klondike Gold Rush
-About 100,000 Americans stampeded to the Klondike in search of fortune only 10,000 made it
- Americans headed North to test their luck to take adcantage of the second major Gold Rush
-The economy different to each group of ppl. hardware stores earned money from miners while the miners were not finding gold claims, making them lose money -
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Muckraker Journalism
-One magazine journalist who exposed the corrupt side of business and public life in the early 1900s
-Journalists desvribed immigrant ghettos and the poor living conditions of tenement housing
-Muckraker condemned exploitation of child labvor and white slave traffic in women
-They exposed Rockefeller oil industry and his monopolists ways
-Authors like Upton Sinclair exposed the meat packing industry which led to the meat packing act & pure food and drug act -
The Jungle
-Written by muckraking journalists Upton Sinclair
-Focus was the human conditiion in the stockyards of Chicago & to exploit the labor of men & women for profit
Magnigied the sickening conditions of the meat-packing industry
-As result of making the public aware of the filthy & dangerous conditions, each local gov. passed its own set of health codes as well as the meat inspection act & the pure food & drug act -
Pure Food and Drug Act
-The cause of the pure food and drug act was because of all the musketeers like upon Sinclair writing stories on the working conditions and how filthy the federals were
-The power of the food and drug act is to protect the public against adulteration of food and from products identified as healthful without scientific support
-The pure food and drug out they had responsibility of testing all foods and drugs destined for human consumption and the requirements for prescriptions -
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Social Gospel
-Settlement houses like the hull house w/ Jane Adams and religious groups helped start the " social gospel movement"
-They believed that churches had a duty to solve society's problems and preached salvation through service to the poor
-They were criticized by others, believed the social gospel movement, because they did not believe their reforms could help
-The progressive Era, inspired even more reform acts for example the YMCA and WCTU -
NAACP
-National association for the advancement of colored ppl
-An organization founded in 1909 to promote full racial equality
-Had over 6,000 members by 1914
-Established by Web Du -
16th Ammendment
-Allows the congress to levy an income tax on the ppl
-Its biggest effect was it shifted the balance of power toward the federal govt. and away from the states
-Progressive-favoring or advocating progress and change
-Revenue- collective items of income of a person, state, etc
-Tariff- tax or duty to be paid -
17th Ammendment
-Allowed the people to choose and vote for who the state senate will be.
-The effect of the 17th Amendment was direct election which is where citizens themselves vote far -
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The Bull Moose Party
-The founder of the bull moose party is the Theodore Roosevelt
-He was defeated in the republic Primaries and broke off.
-The party advocated women suffrage , Workmen's compensation an eight hour work day a minimum wage for women , federal law against child labor and federal trade -
Federal Reserve Act
Cause
-Establish a form of economic stability in the U.S thru the intro of the central bank
Power
-Max employee stabilizing prices moderating long term interest rate
Effect
-The Banking System of the U.S changed & help create the fed Reserve which we use today
Banking System -
18th Amendment (Cont...)
-Speakeasy- illicit establishment that sells alcoholic beverages
-Flapper- generation of young western women in 1920s who wore short skirts, bobbed their hair, listened to jazz, and flaunted their unacceptable behavior -
18th Ammendment
-Caused by widespread belief that consumption of alcohol was deteriorating Americans health and causing criminal acts
-Established the prohibition of alcohol beverages in the US by declaring the production, transport, and sale of alcohol illegally
-Instead of reducing crime, it created massive organized crime movements and corrupted public officials who took bribes
-Temperance - restraint and moderation from drinking
-Prohibition- nationwide ban of alcohol -
19th Ammendment
-Women wanted equality
-Granted women the right to vote-a right known as suffrage
-Helped women move closer to equality in all aspects of American Life
-Women advocated for jobs, fairer wages, education, sex education, and birth control
