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Period: to
Age of the Steamboat
North river steamboat trade=rapid transportation
transp=the wealthy would use it as form to travel in rivers
environment=farmers grew crops along the river b/c it was easy to get them to markets near river forks and rapids . *Marine Diesel Engine -
Period: to
New migration
Irish = Religious Freedom economic condition
German = Religious background difficulties political differences
Chinese= Need work Gold Rush
-Most migrants lived mostly by the west coast -
Morse Code
-Samuel Morse Invented the morse code
- it made communication faster , sending messages from coast to coast in mins.
- it led to telephone , fax machine and the internet
- built along RR tracks due to free land+ heavy use by the RR company -
Period: to
William M Tweed
-they used dishonest politicians to gain control of N.Y city gov
- support neighborhoods of new immi. by giving them help & jobs
- immi. in return with votes how Boss Tweed wanted
- controlled democratic party in New York City -
Period: to
cattle drive era
cattle drives started in Texas ended in the mid-west (Kansas-Nebraska) @ the RR lines
more beef was needed in the East Coast due to the growing population in big cities like Chicago & New York
new technology end the cattle drive it was called barbed wire -
Homestead Act
the U.S gov wanted homesteaders to move out to the plains so that they could achieve manifest destiny
great plains, flat land , grassland
ppl had to drive to own their land , the american dream
native Americans had 3 choices. They could assimilate , relocate or die -
Chinese exclusionary act
-1st & only major legislation to suspend immigration of a certain nationality in 1892 was renewed for another 10 years in 1902 the ban became permanent
- american people were scared to fight for their jobs caused segregation of Asians from Americans and China Towns -
1st Transcontinental Railroad
railroad sped up the transport to industries which sped up the process of making goods
-affected settlement allowing easy transport west people looked for land, cash crop, and new start
-easy access to sell cattle for the cowboys/farmers with crops
-making farmers feel threatened w/ railroads monopolies -
Nast Cartoon about Boston
Boss Tweed suspected of stealing millions of $$ from the city of N.Y
- Nast used his character to help prosecute boss tweed from fraud
- before public outrage turned against him. -
Period: to
Rise of Labor Unions
fought for wages + safer working conditions stopped child labor
gave health benefit + provide aid to workers who where injured or retired actions
-unions rely to strike and boycott against Co. sometime the strikes led to violence
-1st time African Americans were desegregated allowed to join union -
Standard Oil Company John d. Rockefeller
-founded by John D. Rockefeller with associates
-after making major progress with his company made his own transportation
-once retired invested in charitable endeavors becoming a respected philanthropist
-invested $300 million to help create the University of Chicago -
Period: to
Gilded Age and westward Expansion
-The gilded age was an era of rapid economic growth especially in the North and West. american wages especially for skilled workers were much higher than in Europe which attracted millions of immigrants.
- railroads were the major industry, but the factory system mining and finance increased.
- labor unions became important in industrial areas
- this time period is characterized by economic growth widespread poverty westward expansion and political corruption -
Bessemer Steel Process
-the removal of impurities from iron
-the Bessemer process rev. steel prod. decreasing cost
-process made steel process stronger
-RR went further grew high due to strength low cost of steel -
Hay market Riot
Cause= low wages / dangerous working conditions
what happened= labor protest near Chicago Hay market square, rally turned into riot after someone threw a bomb at police
result= gov. imposed death sentence on 7 men & 8 were sentenced to 15 years in prison & 4 men were hanged. -
Andrew Carnegie
the Carnegie argument about the Gospel of wealth is that rich people should be allowed to use their money to helpless fit people
-lie created Bessemer process steel making
- his fortune in the steel industry the most extensive integrated -
Hull House
-to provide higher civic and social life
-located in Chicago Illinois
- founded by Ellen G. Starr and Jane Addams
- both their leadership made women more politically influenced
- had more power among men -
Period: to
Ellis Island
some of the groups/ nationalities that arrived were Southern European immigrants had to preform physical and mental exams to ensure there admittance
doctors would check the immigrants for health problems -
Pull Man Strike
causes = manufacture of railroad cars ,cut the already low wages of its workers abt 25%, but did not introduce corresponding reduction interest & other changes
- happened= american railroad way union striking, small groups,260,000 joined,refused to hitch cars,refused to handle Pullmans car.
result= federal injunction, strikes & violent -
Period: to
Angel Island
San Francisco Bay, immigrants proc. 1mil Asian immigrant Chinese+ Japanese immigrants
-requirements many Chinese immigrants were forced to prove - -they had a husband or father+ good health
-many Chinese when they got there were sent to jail b/c his or she country was weak and poor -
Period: to
Great Migration
pull factors to North
- job opportunities
- voting was a right
Push factors from south
- violence of hate
- work to survive/no jobs
migrating of new job opportunities , blacks moved north escape from oppressive conditions of the south like lynching, unfair legal system , inequality of education -
Americanization Day
-created to bring together new + old immigrants
- Americans viewed immigrants as a threat to Americans way of life
- immigrants were worried they wouldn't be accepted as american citizens -
homestead strike
frick sent 300 Pinkerton and met 10,000 strikers a gun fight broke out till the national guard came to stop
Carnegie wanted to break the union , frick began locking the workers out of the plant
gov. supported monopolists
