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Industrial Revolution Timeline
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Bessemer Process
A meathod for making steel by blasting compressed air through molten iron to burn out other carbon or impurities. This process was named after Sir Henry Bessemer of England. http://www.biography.com/ -
Edwin Drake
Mr. Edwin Drake was a railroad and steam engine constructor in the late 1850's, On August 28, 1859, he struck black gold nearly 70 feet down that resulted in oil. Oil Drilling became the new wealth during the Industrial Revolution. http://www.biography.com/people/ -
Credit Mobilier Scandal
The Credit Mobilier Scandal was an illegal manipulation of contracts by the construction and Union Pacific Railroads (UPR). The UPR had faced a problem: Congress prohibited the company from selling securities under par, but investors did not want to buy at face value until the railroad line was built. After, the UPR went into bankrupt. http://www.biography.com/ -
Christopher Sholes
Christopher Sholes was the first to introduce the typerwriter. The keys on Sholes's typewriter were put in alphabetical order instead of "QWERTY". Even though Sholes was the first to invent the modern typewriter, he was not the first to invent something that would put typed words onto paper. http://www.biography.com/people/ -
Transcontinental Railroad completed
This railroad completetion allowed the California coast to be connected to the East. This allowed resources to get to one side of the nation to the other with the help of the entrepeneuers of America, Collis P. Huntington, Charles Crocker and Mark Hopkins. The Transcontinental Railroad was the example of how transportation shaped the nation. http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist1/rail.html -
John D. Rockefeller
Rockefeller built the first oil refinery near Cleveland and in 1870 incorporated the Standard Oil Company. By 1882 he had a near-monopoly of the oil business in the U.S, but his business practices led to the passing of antimonopoly laws. http://www.biography.com/people/ -
Munn v. Illinois
The U.S. Supreme Court in 1876 slammed Munn, a partner in a Chicago warehouse firm, that had been found guilty by an Illinois court of violating the state laws providing for the fixing of maximum charges for storage of grain. He appealed, contending that the fixing of maximum rates constituted a taking of property without due process of law. The Supreme Court upheld the Granger laws. http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0094_0113_ZO.html -
Thomas Edison
Thomas Edison developed the first phonograph, which was a machine that gave off noise to transmit words from spoken words at high speed. this invention became popular when he was invited to demonstrate his new invention infront of President Ruthford Hayes. http://www.biography.com/people -
Alexander Graham Bell
Alexander Graham Bell invented a new way of communicating, He patented it as the telephone. This allowed distance communications to come from Boston, MA to New York City, After his death, the telecommunication industry sky rocketed from short distance to long distance and from non-hearing people to communicate by special display. http://fi.edu/franklin/inventor/bell.html -
J.P. Morgan
John Pierpont Morgan was an American financier, banker, philanthropist and art collector who dominated corporate finance and industrial consolidation during his time. After financing the creation of the Federal Steel Company, he merged in 1901 with the Carnegie Steel Company and several other steel and iron businesses, including Consolidated Steel and Wire Company owned by William Edenborn, to form the United States Steel Corporation. http://www.biography.com/ -
Haymarket Riot
In the spring of 1886, workers struck at the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company in Chicago, the factory that made farm equipment. The Haymarket Riot killed several people, and resulted in a highly controversial trial followed by executions of four men who may have been innocent. The company locked out the workers and hired strikebreakers, a common practice at the time. http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h750.html -
Interstate Commerce Act
The Interstate Commerce Act was the first true federal agency from farmers across America. It was introduced to help solve the railroad abuse issues. Monopolies are generally viewed as harmful to the Act because they obstruct the free competition that determines the price and quality of products and services offered to the public. http://www.biography.com/ -
Sherman Antitrust Act
The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 was the first measure passed by the U.S. Congress to prohibit abusive monopolies, and in some ways it remains the most important. The Sherman Antitrust Act was the first measure enacted by the U.S. Congress to prohibit trusts or monopolies of any type by John Sherman. It was passed by an overwhelming vote of 51 to 1 in the Senate and a unanimous vote of 242 to 0 in the House, and it was signed into law by President Benjamin Harrison. http://www.ourdocuments.go -
Homestead Strike
One of the most difficult episodes Andrew Carnegie's life was one that revealed the steel magnate's conflicting beliefs regarding the rights of labor starting in New Orleans. The conflict at Homestead arose at a time when the fast-changing American economy had stumbled and conflicts between labor and management had flared up all over the country. http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h769.html -
Pullman Strike
This event in history became most popular due to labor conflict during the economic depression and social unrest in Chicago. The workers of factories came to appeal the American Railway Union (ARU). This came to the ARU to not support anymore trains or Pullman cars. http://www.biography.com/ -
Henry Ford
Henry Ford first became an engineer in Detriot for Edison Company. This started off this new brand of cars. Although Ford was not the first to build a self-propelled vehicle with a gasoline engine, he was, however, one of several automotive pioneers who helped this country become a nation of motorists. http://www.biography.com/people/ -
Mother Jones
Mary Harris Jones was a fearless fighter for workers’ rights, once labeled "the most dangerous woman in America" by a U.S. district attorney. She welcomed African American workers and involved women and children in strikes. Mary Harris "Mother" Jones rose to prominence as a fiery orator and fearless organizer for the Mine Workers during the first two decades of the 20th century. http://www.aflcio.org -
Wright Brothers
In 1899, after Wilbur Wright had written a letter of request to the Smithsonian Institution for information about flight experiments in order for them to begin working on their own aircraft. They introduced to the world a new way of transportation; through the air. In 1908 Orville made the world's first flight of over one hour at Fort Myer, Virginia, in a demonstration for the U.S. army, which subsequently made the Wright planes the world's first military airplanes. http://www.wright-house.com/ -
Eugene Debs
Debs formed the Social Democratic Party, which eventually became the Socialist Party in 1901. He became their perennial presidential candidate. He ran on the Socialist ticket in 1904, 1908, 1912, and 1920 when he received his highest popular vote. He had been arrested for “sedition”; because he opposed World War I. Many Socialists were imprisoned during this time because they felt that the war was being fought for the profits of the rich, but with the blood of the poor. http://www.marxists.org -
Lochner v. NY Decision
The Supreme Court's decision declared unconstitutional a New York State law limiting bakery workers from Jospeh Lochner to work no more than ten hours per day or sixty hours per week. The Supreme Court, in a 5-4 decision written by Justice Rufus Peckham, held that the act was unconstitutional and that the conviction of Lochner must be reversed due to the 14th Ammendment. http://www.biography.com
http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/libertyofk.htm
