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Populism and Progressivism
Populist were poor and uneducated, and Progressives were middle-class and educated. Populists are a party made up of farmers and laborers that wanted direct election of senators and an eight hour working day. Progressivism is the increase in democracy by curbing the power of the corporation. It fought to end corruption in government and business, and worked to bring equal rights of women and other groups that had been left behind during the industrial revolution. -
Tenement
A Tenement is a multi-occupying building, in the US referred to be a run-down apartment building for immigrants. During the Gilded Age, living conditions in the urban poor areas were terrible. People paid $1.00 a month for a room. -
Industrialization
Development of industries in a country or region at a long distance.
This was the US jump to lead industrialization ahead of Great Britain. The nation was expanding rapidly with it economy into new areas, like factories, railroads, and coal mining. -
Robber Barons (Captain of Industry)
The Captains were, J. P. Morgan, Andrew Carnegie, Andrew W. Mellon, Henry Ford, and John D. Rockefeller. a large number of people suffered from crushing debt, unemployment, and racial discrimination, and there was an increase in immigration as foreigners sought opportunities they couldn’t find in their homelands. -
Bessemer steel production
The production was one of the first inexpensive industrial processes for the production of steel, that used molten iron before the development of the hearth furnace.This marked the transformation from craft production to mass production in the United States. American factories began churning out all kinds of consumer and industrial goods And the men at the helm of these enterprises were devising new strategies to put themselves and their companies at the top. -
Nativism
When the Gilded age occurred, there many concerns about the rise of immigration, and led to create a political party called nativism. This holds the belief of specific skills are native at birth. -
Political Machines
Tammy hall would be an example of infamous machine politics, they used graft, bribery, and rigged elections to bilk the city of over $200 million dollars. -
Social Gospel
This was a movement when many Americans were very poor around the 20th century. The gospel movement emerged among Protestant Christians to improve the economic, moral and social conditions of the urban working class. -
Labor Strikes (Great Railroad Strike 1877, Homestead Act Strike 1892, Pullman strike 1894)
The Great Railroad Strike, was about the cut of wages for the third time in a year, This strike finally ended after 45 days Because of economic problems and pressure on wages by the railroads, workers in numerous other cities
Pullman Strike a nation wide railroad strike. It pitted the American Railway against the Pullman Company.
The Homestead Act pitted one of the most powerful trade union, the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers. -
Haymarket Riot
Mccormick Harvesting Machine Co. in Chicago went on strike in the hope of gaining a shorter work day, one person was killed and several others injured. A crowd of 20,000 demonstrators was anticipated at Haymarket Square, where area farmers traditionally sold their produce. At that juncture, a pipe bomb was thrown into the police ranks; the explosion took the lives of seven policemen and injured more than 60 others. The police fired into the crowd of workers, killing four. -
Samuel Gompers
Labor leader of the American labour movement, He founded and served as the first president of the American Federation of Labor.Gompers was one of the organizers of the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions of the United States and Canada in 1881. When it was reorganized in 1886 as the American Federation of Labor, he was elected its first president. He retained that position until his death in 1924 -
Settlement House
Set up during the Progressive Era in East London, to provide social services and education to the poor workers who lived there. -
Alexander Graham Bell
Alexander was scottish inventor, scientist, innovator, and engineer. In at least half the century, 16 million telephones quickened the scoial and economic life in the nation. He was part of the crucial inventions that were created to this day. Phone technology helped decline of telegraphy technology. His invention led to underground wires being produces which created the connection between Boston and New York in 1884 -
Interstate Commerce act 1887
making the railroads the first industry subject to Federal regulation. Congress passed the law largely in response to public demand that railroad operations be regulated. -
Theodore Roosevelt
Roosevelt became the 26th president after the assassination of McKinley. Later Roosevelt had started the Progressive Era/Movement in 1889-1920 -
Ida B. Wells
Ida was an African-Journalist who led an anti-lynching crusade in the U.S. in the 1890's. She went on and became an integral in groups trying to get African-American rights. -
Sherman Antitrust Act
This law was created to make it much more difficult for business mergers to occur and for monopolies to form. It was very popular in the Progressive Era. -
Andrew Carnegie
Carnegie invested in ironworks and built a steel mill in Pittsburgh. He sold iron and bought other steel mills. Therefore, founded the Carnegie Steel Corporation in 1892. -
Eugene V. Debs
Debs was an activist for the local Brotherhood of Locomotive firemen. In 1893 he helped organize the American Railway and became the companies president. Debs was convicted publicly opposed American intervention in the war and he went to jail. -
William Jennings Bryan
Bryan was an American orator and politician. in 1896, he delivered a speech called the Cross of Gold, which supported "free silver". This speech brought prosperity to the nation. -
Klondike Gold Rush
he Klondike Gold Rush, often called the Yukon Gold Rush, was a mass exodus of prospecting migrants from their hometowns to Canadian, in search of gold. -
Initiative, Referendum, Recall
These are the three powers that are reserved to enable the voters by petition to repel legislation. Proponents of an initiative, referendum, or recall effort must apply for an official petition serial number from the Town Clerk. -
Jane Addams
Jane Adams leaded the settlement house, that was an all-purpose community center for the poor who lived in crowded neighborhoods. Her main purpose was to help the foreign-born conserve the value of their past life and to bring them into contact with a better class of Americans -
Jacob Rits
Riis wrote a famous book called "How the Other Half Lives" Theodore Roosevelt read the book and personally asked him how could he help,It also became an important predecessor to the muckraking journalism that took shape in the United States after 1900. -
The Gilded Age
The period was glittering on the surface but corrupt underneath. full of rapacious Robber Barons, unscrupulous speculators, and corporate buccaneers, of shady business practices, scandal-plagued politics, and vulgar display. -
Upton Sinclair
Sinclair is a writer that wrote 100 books when he was alive. One of the most important one he wrote that impacted the Gilded Age was The Jungle written in 1904. The book was about the bad conditions and what the lives of immigrants were like. -
Labor Unions (Knights of Labor, American Federation of Labor, & Industrial Workers of the World)
The Knight of Labor was traditionally considered the major U.S. example of uplift unionism. It emphasized cooperation and education. The ultimate goal was replacing capitalism with a system of producer cooperatives in which producers would own and control business.
American Federation of Labor was a uniform federation, a support organization for the independent, and provided financial assistance to striking union.
Industrial Workers, this goal was to form one big union. -
Muckraker
Muckrakers was a very popular term in the Progressive Era that mean't to describe reform-minded journalists who constantly attacked institutions and leaders to be depraved. -
Pure Food and Drug Act
To protect consumers from harmful substances in food and medicines. It restricted the sale of some dangerous and ineffective medicines. This coincided with The Meat Inspection Act that helped eliminate many disease once transmitted through meat. -
Dollar Diplomacy
President William Howard Tefts term; a form of American foreign policy to further its aims in Latin America and East Asia through use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries. -
16th Amendment
An Amendment that gave tax income power to the Congress in 1913. This amendment is viewed to be the first Progressive Era amendments, that marked a push for political and social change. The amendment gave the government the opportunity to extend and fund programs. -
Federal Reserve Act
This bill called for a system of eight to twelve mostly autonomous regional Reserve Banks that would be owned by commercial banks and whose actions would be coordinated by a committee appointed by the President. -
17th Amendment
The 17th amendment provided for the direct election of US senators. This was important to the progressive era because reformers were pushing to clean up health standards, improve moral standards, elevate American education and fight corruption in state and local governments. The push for popular election of Senators became part of that campaign. -
18th Amendment
Prohibited people to make, or transport alcohol, for the temperance movement. When problems like poverty and being drunk gained more attention. Community groups made prohibition and had the Congress create this amendment. -
19th Amendment
The 19h amendment was the guarantee right for women to vote. This was important to the Progressive Era because during the 19th century, women were struggling to have their own rights, thats when Susan B. Anthony worked hard with other women in Women's Suffrage to earn the right. -
Susan B. Anthony
Susan B. Anthony led Women's suffrage along with Elizabeth Stanton when it failed in 1890. Several women's groups merged together into the National American Women Suffrage Association. After a while The Nineteenth Amendment was created to give women equal rights. -
Tea Pot Dome Scandal
Also called the Oil Reserves Scandal, was the surrounding of the secret leasing of federal oil reserves by the presidency of Warren G. Harding. When these leases and contracts came under investigation by committees of the U.S. Senate, it was disclosed that shortly after the signing of the Teapot Dome lease, Fall and members of his family had received from an unknown source more than $200,000 in Liberty bonds -
Clarence Darrow
Darrow is a famous lawyer who defended many great cases such as the "Monkey" trial in 1925. The "Monkey" trial was about Darrow defending Darwin's evolution theory against rural preachers.
