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Industrialization, Immigration, and Urban America
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Political Machines
Polictical machines were very popular during the 1840's. Policitcal machines provided housing, jobs, and police protection for new city dwellers in exchange for votes. Political machines were not a completely prosperous aspect of this era because they took advantage of people who easy to control, rigged elections, and wanted personal gain. However, it gave immigrants a job, necessities to live, and citizenship. -
Political Machines Picture
I picked this political cartoon for political machines because it shows Boss Tweed standing next to the ballot that says "In counting there is strength". There is a caption at the bottom that says "As long as I count the votes what are you going to do about it? Say?" This shows that even if people vote, as long as someone like Tweed is counting the votes, he's basically got all of the say who wins and everyone else's votes don't matter. It shows how political machines munipulated the people. -
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Settling the West
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Transcontinental Railroad
The Pacific Railroad Act was signed in 1862 by Abraham Lincoln, just like the Homestead Act. This act was created to give land to railroad companies who then began to build a transcontinental railroad. The railroad was designed to connect the east and west coasts of the United States. The railroad proved to be very successful for the nation and was definitely progressive during this era. -
Transcontinential Railroad Picture
I chose this picture for the Transcontential Railroad because it shows how mcuh track was laid in only one day and it shows how hard they werre working to createda railroad that goes from the East to West coast to widen the United States. -
Homestead Act
The Homestead Act was signed by Abraham Lincoln on May 20th, 1862. The Homestead Act was a big economic production during the Settiling the West Era. This act gave 160 acres of land to those who wanted to live in the Great Plains and desired to prepare soil for 5 years. This may have been good for the settlers but the Native Americans living there beforehand were forced to leave and were displaced. -
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Progressivism
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Temperance Movement
Temperance during the Progressive era was the moderation or elimination of alcohol. In 1874, the Women's Christian Temperance Union began to push for the prohibition of production, sale and distribution of alcohol. Progressives believed alcohol had bad effects on families and workers' effciency. Although Progressives had good intentions, many people were angry and protested. -
Cattle Boom
The Cattle Boom began in the mid-1880's and was caused by the exapnsion of eastern markets. Also, the completion of the railroad and access to new land were big factors of the cattle boom. -
Gospel of Wealth
The Gospel of Wealth was written by Andrew Carnegie, an industrialist during this era, in 1889. The Gosepl of Wealth was a philosophy that said the the wealthy Americans held the responsibility for using their wealth for social progress and philanthropy. Carnegie was saying the wealth would manage the money and decide how the poorer people could spend it. The only apparent problem would be the poorer people would know better what they needed rather than the wealth who had everything they needed. -
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Imperialism
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Suffrage Movement
The Suffrage Movement focused on women earning their right to vote. In July of 1848, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott were the first to organize a women's rights convention in Seneca Falls, NY. Women's suffrage was an important aspect of the Progressive Movement. States started giving women the right to vote. The movement was ratified as the 19th Amendment. -
Susan B Anthony Picture
For Women's Suffrage, I picked aa picture of Susan B. Anthony because like many other women, she devoted 50 years to the suffrage movement. Her work contributed greatly to having the 19th amendment pass in 1920 although she passed away before she could see women gain their right to vote. -
Ellis Island
Ellis Island, located in New York, was the largest immigrant inspection location during the Immigration Era. Ellis Island had around 10 steps before an immigrant offically came to America. Some steps include the a 6 second medical exam, the Registery room and another medical exam. The last step was called the "Kissing Post" because is were families greeted each other and were reunited. -
Jingoism
The definition of jingoism is extreme patriotism as an effect of aggressive actions aganist a country. A display of jingoism occured during the Spanish-American war that began in 1898. The American ship, the U.S.S Maine, was bombed and sunk. The press claimed that Spain did. In the end, the U.S gained the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico from Spain, who was defeated. -
Open Door Policy
The Open Door policy was suggested by John Hay in the late 1890's. This idea gives equal trading rights with China at the end of the 19th century. The agreement was the basis of U.S policy toward China until Japan violated the agreement. -
Child Labor Laws
in 1900, there were 1.7 million children that were under the age of 16 working outside of their homes. Then, 1904, the reformers established a National Child Labor Committee to stop child labor. This was a big improvement during this era andd states began to pass laws for the minimum age children can work and put limts on how many hours they were allowed to work. -
Social Darwinism
Social Darwinism is the idea of survival of the fittest. This idea was thought up by Charles Darwin. This idea gave people the thought that the stronger of a country you are, the easier it will be to thrive. This caused people to go outside of their borders and take over countries politically and economically. Social Darwinism was one of the main reasons countries began to imperialize. -
Sphere of Influence Picture
The picture I picked for Sphere of Influence was China in 1910 showing all the spheres of influence. It has a key to show that France, Germany, Russia, Japan, and Britain were influencing China at the time, although China wanted to get rid of it's foreign influences. -
Sphere of Influence
A sphere of influence is region over which an organization or state exerts some kind of indirect cultural, economic, military or political domination. One example of this was China and the U.S. China wanted to keep foreigners out while the U.S wanted in. Sphere of Influence sparked the idea of the Open Door Policy which gave equal trading rights for everyone. -
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WWI
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Red Cross
During WWI, the American Red Cross introduced first aid, water safety, and public health nursing programs. Memberships went from 17,000 all the way to more than 20 million adult and 11 million junior Red Cross members. At one point, $400 was collected by the public to help support the Red Cross. Nurses and ambulance companies were staffed by the Red Cross. The Red Cross helped a lot people during the war including soldiers because 20,000 registered nurses to serve the military. -
War Bonds
War bonds were bought by the citizens of the United States to help support the war. Many posters and ads were created to help promote them and get people to buy them. Their main purpose was help finance the war. -
Treaty of Versailles Picture
For the Treaty of Versailles, I put a rreal picture of the treaty. It ended WWI and it made Germany take responsibility for starting the war and they had to pay a lot of money to certain countries even though their economy wasn't so good. This also was considered a big factor of WWII. -
Treaty of Versailles
This treaty is divided up into four sections; territorial, military, financial, and general. WWI endedat the 11th hour on the 11th day of the 11th month in 1918 and Germany signed an armistice. The Powers met in January of 1919 to come to terms on a peacce treaty The Treaty of Versailles was signed June 28th, 1919. The treaty was fair and states 3 vital clauses, what was taken away from Germany, reduction of Germany's army, and forbids Germany to unite with Austria to form a superstate. -
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1920's
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Ku Klux Klan
During the 1920's, the Ku Klux Klan made a reappearance. This caused many African Americans move North because they were faced by mobs, racial and job discrimination. The KKK were involved with kidnappings, beatings, and lynching to terrorize African Americans. They targeted radicals, blacks, Catholics, immigrants, Jews, and divorcees. The leader of the KKK, Grand Dragon David Stephenson, was convicted of murder. They were apart of a very terrifying time of the 1920's. -
Penicillin Discovery
In September of 1928, Alexander Fleming was at St. Mary's Hospital in Paddington when he discovered Penicillin. His discovery came from a contaminated petri that had been previously thrown away. After taking a look at it, he found out that the mold growing in the petri dish was actually a powerful antibiotic. This was an amazing discovery and helped a lot of sick people. -
Hebert Hoover
Herbert Hoover was the president from 1929 to 1933. During this time, he created the Federal Farm board and spoke of prosperity. Although, his failures seem to ourweight his successes. Eight months into his Presidency the stock market crashed and he was very inactive and insensitive towards the Great Depression and everyone struggling. He didn't do much to fix the problem due to his belief of rugged individualism which meant no government handouts. -
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Great Depression and New Deal
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Buying on Margin
During the time the stock market, a new thing called "buying on margin" became popular. Buying on margin was when people would buy something for a part, or margin, of the purchase price. Soon too many people were buying on margin and it began to cause inflation. The margin loans became due and a lot of people couldn't pay them which wasn't good with the stock market crash. -
Stock Market Crash Picture
My picture for the Stock Market Crash was the front page of the newspaper for that Tuesday. This was a major event because a lot of people lost their money and it lead to the Greaat Depression which took a long to time to recover from. -
Stock Market Crash
In the year 1929, people thought of it as a new era. The stock market was very successful. A economist named Roger Babson predicted that it would crash that year. In September of 1929 the market had hit it's all time high. Little did everyone know that a month later Tueday, October 29th, 1929, also known as Black Tuesday, the market crashed. This lead to the Great Depression which was difficult to come out of because Hervert Hoover hardly did anything to help. -
Shantytown Picture
A bird's eye view of a Shantytown was the picture I picked for Shantytowns/Hoovervilles. It shows how close together the house were built and how poorly they were built as well out of scrap materials. This shows how desperate and poor people were during the Great Depression. -
Shantytowms
Shantytowns, also called Hoovervilles, which was a bunch of houses together that were made from packing boxes, scrap lumber, iron, and other items that have been thrown away, This showed how homelessness wasa big problem during the Great Deoression. -
New Deal
When Franklin D. Roosevelt became president in 1933, he came up with new actions and policies. One of them was the New Deal program. The steps included relief, recovery, and reform. Relief focused on money, food, shelter and temporary charity. Recovery included programs for industrial and agricultural recovery and jobs). Then reform focused on lasting changes. With this, FDR did more in 100 days than Hoover did in his whole presidency. -
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WW2
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Japanese Internment Picture
I picked a picture of a piece of paper that order all Japanese Americans to be relocated to certain areas of the United States. It showed the strict rules of Japanese Internement and the harsh life they had to live. -
Japanese Internment
In February of 1942, after the bombing of Pearl Harbor in December, President Roosevelt had signed Executive Order 9066. This put military zones on the West coast and removed citizens of the Japanese decent from these areas. Many of their possesions were left behind. They were divided among the ten camps in California, Idaho, Utah, Arkansas, Wyoming, Arizona, and Colorado. The camps were set up like little towns. The Japanese Americans were imprisioned until about 1944. -
Women in the Workforce
A very big change during WWII was women beginning to be in the workplace in factories and as nurses. This was a very big step for women and the nation. Before this time, women usually only cooked, cleaned, and took care of the children and the house. Now, women could make money for themselves and did not have to rely on a husband. This showed the growing independence of women in America. -
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Cold War, Korean War, and 1950's
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Atomic Bomb
During WWII, an American B-29 bomber ddropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima in Japan. This caused 90 percent of the city to be destroyed, 80,000 were killed and later thousands more would die due to radiation. Three days after the first bombing, another B-29 dropped an atomic bomb on Nagasaki and approximately 40,000 were killed. The Emperor of Japan Hirohito surrendered out of WWII. -
Television Picture
The picture i chose for Television was a family gathered around the TV during the 1950's. It shows how popular it became and how going to the movies and the radio became less popular. Watching the television as a family became a new thing that families would do together. -
Television
When television became popular in the 1950's, movies lost viewers and the movie business suffered. Many theaters closed and around 50 million Americans owned a television. Hollywood struggled to gain back it's audienceand their ads failed. The radio drew people in to watch television. Now people didn't have to pay or leave their home to watch a movie. -
Sububanization
During the 50's, the new idea of suburbanization was being created. The idea was to have the ideal American family and it created the American Dream. Many people left the city for the suburbs to escape the crime in the city, The houses were affordable and all of the ads drove people to live there. This help many young couples be able to have their own homes and a safe place to raise their family during postwar America. -
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JFK, LBJ, and Civil Rights Movement
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Creation of NASA
During the Cold War between the United States and Russia, the two countries went into a "space race', This was the race where both Russia and the United States tried to get more technology into space than the other. The United States began putting funds into science and math in schools. This all led to the United States' creation of NASA. -
Bay of Pigs
On this day, the Cuban exiles attacked the Bay of Pigs on the south coast of Cuba. This all happened because Fidel Castro came into power. The exiles planned to attack the Bay of Pigs but on April 15th, 1961 the American planes that were painted to look like Cuban planes were discovered and Fidel heard about the plan. Two days later, Cuba fought back and many Americans were captured. This was considered one of JFK's greatest failures. -
Bay of Pigs Picture
I chose a picture of American prisoners that were captured the day American and the Cuban exiles attacked the Bay of Pigs in Cuba in April. Fidel Castro knew aboutthe attack and fought back. Many Americans were captured and a deal had to be made with Castro to free them. It also shows how this was one of JFK's biggest failures. -
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Vietnam
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Peace Corps
The United States was going to send groups of people over to different countries that asked for the help of the US. When they were there, they would help out the country in the areas of education, health, youth development, agriculture, environment, and food security. This allowed the US to make good relations with other countries. -
Agent Orange
Agent Orange was a chemical that the U.S military sprayed over the trees in Vietnam. It's main purpose was to remove forest cover, destroy crops, and clear vegetation. Soon, they learned the exposure to the chemical could cause cancer and other lasting health effects. Decades later, it's health issues still remain to be a concern and was decision on the U.S's part. -
Freedom Riders
Freedom Riders were people who rode buses in southern states who ignored the laws to desegregate the bus systems. Most of the time these people would either be beaten or thrown off of the buses. This is important because it gives people the thought that white people are the bad people during the Civil Rights Movement. -
Richard Nixon
Richard Nixon was elected in 1968. He promised to bring hte troops home. While the war in Vietnam was going on, Nixon wided the war to Laos and Cambodia by bombing the Ho Chi Minh trail. Then in 1972, he was re-elected and a cease-fire was negociated and the 1973 Paris Peace talks ended US involvment in the war. -
My Lai Massacre Picture
I chose a picture of a family living in My Lai that were about to be killed by an American soldier. The civilians living in My Lai were innocent people and were told the Americans were good people until they started to kill them. They were terrified and some still are living today but then, around 300-500 were killed that day by the U.S. -
My Lai Massacre
The My Lai Massacre was when the U.S soldiers entered My Lai in Vietnam. They were told everyone was a Viet Cong. They were ordered to kill the enemy so they killed between 300-500 civilians living there who were unarmed. They were ordered by Lt. Calley. The government kept this a secret until 1969 and this caused everyone to wonder if the U.S was the "bad guys".
