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Dr J Marion Sims
"Father of American Gynecology” performs experiments on enslaved women, without consent or anaesthesia. Wailoo K. (2018). Historical Aspects of Race and Medicine: The Case of J. Marion Sims. JAMA, 320(15), 1529–1530. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.11944
[https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2703956] -
American Medical Association Founded
In 1847 the American Medical Association was founded. The AMA Code of Ethics was adopted, largely based on the writings of Thomas Percival on bioethics.
[https://archive.org/details/63310410R.nlm.nih.gov/page/n2] -
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Eugenics Movement, America
Eugenics is a movement that started in the 1880s looking at selective breeding as applied to humans; used as a basis for racist ideologies. Charles Davenport, a geneticist and biologist, founded the Eugenics Record Office (ERO) at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York in 1910, it was the heart of the movement in America. -
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Tuskegee Study
1932-1972 100s of Black men were told they were being treated for syphilis, but were left untreated in order for the US government to see the progress of the disease. -
Tuskegee Study Apology
President Clinton formally apolgizes for the Tuskegee Study.
[https://www.cdc.gov/tuskegee/clintonp.htm]