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White Primary Is Abolished in Georgia
Picture:georgiaunfiltered.blogspot.comlegaldictionary.thefreedictionary.comDuring this time, Georgia was almost an all-democratic state, to the point where republicans hardly even bothered running in the general elections. This was used to find a tremendous loophole in keeping blacks from voting. The law only said that they could vote in the general election, not the primaries. Kept out of the primaries, blacks had virtually no say in the election. The court case, King v. Chapman, changed that. That same year, African-Americans were allowed to vote in the primaries. -
Integration of the Armed Forces
Picture:http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/desegregation/large/index.php?action=chronologytrumanlibrary.orgThe law that integrated armed forces was signed by President Harry Truman. This was largely due to WWII, where African Americans proved they could fight just as well as any white solider. Knowing that if he ran the bill through the legislature, it would be stopped almost immediately, Truman skipped all that and made an executive decision to integrate all armed forces. Even so, it wasn't until after 1953 that the army was fully integrated. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Pic:http://www.afrik-news.com/article17002.htmlWikipedia (don't worry, I checked the info)In this court case, Oliver Brown was sick and tired of her daughter having to travel miles to the 'colored school' when there was a much nicer 'white' school nearby. It was eventually decided that segregation in schools was unconstitutional. This case overturned the "seperate but equal" Plessy v. Ferguson case and integrated all public schools. -
Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott
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Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott
In December 1955, Rosa Parks refused to give up her bus seat to a white man, causing her to get arrested and setting off an enormous chain of events. Fueled by this incident, African-Americans in Montgomery, Alabama, boycott the busses for roughly a year. In the end, the bus companies are practically bankrupt, and a law is passed to integrate busses. -
Change to Georgia's State Flag
(pic and info)http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2671In 1956, Georgia's state flag was changed to resemble the Confederate flag. Despite whatever official explainations there were, (something to do with honoring the Civil War) the real reason centered around the integration of public schools. Surprisingly, none of this attracted too much publicity, although the governor tried in vain to change the flag before the 1996 Olympics. It wasn't until after the turn of the century that the design was changed.
Site:http://tw0.us/S2
Pic:http://tw0.us/S2 -
Crisis at Central High School and the "Little Rock Nine"
Pic:http://www.marquette.edu/littlerocknine/library.thinkquest.org
The crisis at Central High School started when nine African-American students (a.k.a. the Little Rock Nine) tried to get into Central High School. The governor prevented them from going by actuall calling in the National Guard. President Eisenhower, however, sent in the army in order to protect them <i>from</i> the National Guard, and the students were allowed to attend the school. -
Hebrew Congregation in Atlanta Bombed
Pic:http://jwa.org/teach/livingthelegacy/civilrights/power-privilege-and-responsibilityIn 1958, Georgia's latgest temple was bombed, possibly because of the current rabbi, Rothschild, and his anti-segrigation preaching. Believe it or not, the sanctuary was completeley unharmed, although other parts of the building were damaged. At first, five people were charged for the bombing, but George Bright was the only one who was actually taken to court. Somehow, though, he was given an acquittal. All in all, it's shocking to think that this happened only a decade after WWII. -
Sibley Commission
New Georgia Encyclopedia (info and picture)In response to all the confusion over integration (It was getting to a point where public schools may have had to close.), Georgia's governor established the Sibley Commission to see what the citizens of Georgia wanted. While some people didn't mind integration all that much, there was also more than enough people who hated the idea. Many actually preferred the schools closed over desegregation. To solve the problem, the governor decided to let the individual schools decide if they integrated. -
Freedom Rides
Pic:http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/freedomriders/WikipediaWhen the Supreme Court decided to integrate public transportation, regardless of any Jim Crow laws, civil rights activists decided to see what states actually payed attention. The result was basically total chaos: Riders were arrested despite the ruling, white mobs attacked demonstraters without punishment, and some local governments even stooped as low as to join with the KKK in order to stop the Riders. Despite that, all the kerfuffle did draw attention to how much people ignored the law. -
Albany Movement
(pic and info)http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Multimedia.jsp?id=m-4049Ladies and Gentlemen, this is what happens when the 'bad guys' aren't mindlessly violent and the 'good guys' bite off way more than they could chew. In an attempt to actually end all segregation, MLK and other civil rights activists protest in Albany, Georgia. Unfortunately, the sheriff, Laurie Prichett, was a bit smarter than his Alabama counterpart. He countered every single tactic, including the one involving filling up jails. Instead, the demonstraters actually ran out of people. -
Integration of UGA
http://crdl.usg.edu/events/uga_integration/?WelcomeWhen Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes, the first African-Americans at UGA, were admitted to the school, a metaphorical neuclear bomb practically went off. There were riots and mobs, but the two finished college and went on to high-profile careers. This led to state funding of integrated schools. -
Birmingham, Alabama, Protests
Pic: http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/m_r/randall/birmingham.htmhttp://www.alabamamoments.state.al.us/sec56qs.htmlIn this demonstration, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference protested against employee segrigation. The police in this event must have relied on brute force rather than cunning, because to break up protesters, they blasted them with high-pressure fire hoses. As you could guess, this made national news and racked up sympathy for the demonstrators. The protests were successful raised awarness of the brutality towards blacks at the time. -
March on Washington D.C.
(pic and info) wikipedia.org
The March on Washington, which was 100 years after the Emancipation Proclammation, actually wasn't in protest of any law or practice. JFK was trying to pass a new bill in response to the chaos in Birmingham, and civil rights activists decided to show him that they agreed with him. Organized by five organizations, SCLC included, 100,000 were expected to show up, but the real ammount was over twice that! As always (well almost) there was plenty of news coverage, only this time, no one was hurt. -
March on Washington (Cont.)
This event no doubt was at least partially responsible for pushing this bill through legislature.
Sites:
http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/marchwas.html<a href='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_on_Washington_for_Jobs_and_Freedom' ></a>
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16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham Bombed
http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/m_r/randall/birmingham.htm(site and photo)On September 15th, 1963, a bomb went off under an African-American church, later found to be work of the KKK. The church was a popular spot for the SCLC and the CORE, making it an obvious target. The bomb exploded right during Sunday school. It injured many adults and children, and <i>killed</i> four girls ages 11 to 14. -
JFK Assasinated
simply laughed at him. That was the final straw. Denied any love, Lee Harvey Oswald took his gun and shot President John F. Kennedy and the governor of Texas. -
JFK Assassinated
www.jfklibrary.orgPic:http://www.juancole.com/2012/02/top-ten-differences-between-rick-santorum-and-jfk.htmlSince most of the details surrounding this particular event are more than a little confused, I can't say how true this story is. A year or so ago, at church, the pastor told us about a man who grew up in a family that never showed any love for him. His wife, too, treated him like dirt and acted hateful around him. One day, he became so desperate for some kind of affetion from her, he approached her practically on hands and knees, asking her if she loved him. She (and the other women in the room) -
Civil Rights Act 1964 Passed
(info and pic)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964This act, in response to the many protests, desegregated public facilities and made discrimination at work illegal. (Technically, the full title was An act to enforce the constitutional right to vote, to confer jurisdiction upon the district courts of the United States of America to provide relief against discrimination in public accommodations, to authorize the Attorney General to institute suits to protect constitutional rights in public facilities and public education, to extend the -
Civil Rights Act (Cont.)
Commission on Civil Rights, to prevent discrimination in federally assisted programs, to establish a Commission on Equal Employment Opportunity, and for other purposes...It's a mouthful, huh?) Even though President Kennedy died before he could sign this, his Vice President, Lyndon B. Johnson, signed it instead. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965 Passed
http://ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=100 (Picture and Info)Although the Civil Rights Act got rid of all discriminated public facilities, African-Americans were still kept from voting, especially in the south. This act, sent through Congress by President Johnson, changed that and made it possible for everyone to vote. -
Summerhill Race Riot
(info and pic)http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1382&hl=y
The Summerhill Race Riot started when a white policeman shot an African-American multiple times. A riot enusued due mainly to the injustices of the Georgia police system. The mayor actually used a bullhorn to try breaking it up. Still, roughly thirty people were harmed, and over a hundred were arrested. Pic:Mayor Ivan Allen Jr -
MLK Assassinated
Pic:http://thebrandbuilder.wordpress.com/2011/01/17/mlk-2011/http://www.maryferrell.org/wiki/index.php/Martin_Luther_King_AssassinationOn April fourth, 1968, at around 6:00, MLK was shot. He was in Memphis at the time to help protest injustices towards sanitation workers. The assasin, James Earl Ray, was hard to find. His description matched that of just about every other middle-aged man. King died about an hour later, but his death only fueled the push for equality. -
All Georgia Schools Integrated
Pic:http://www.berkeleypubliclibrary.org/community/berkeley_history/desegregation_stories.phphttp://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-3610By 1971, the civil rights movement was coming to a close. All schools in Georgia had been integrated, although many private schools were opened to avoid desegrigation. Each school had one African-American and one white principal to enure equal rights for all students. Segricgation was finally nonexistent.
