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End of White Primary in Georgia
http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-3610 Ever since the Civil War white people didn't want blacks to vote, but the 15th amendment declared they could. Georgia found the loophole and wouldn't permit blacks to vote in the primary. This doesn't seem too big but before 1980 Georgia was a one party state, so whoever won the primary usually won the general election. On April 1, 1946 the King v. Chapman case was ruled unconstitutional and the white primary ended. 1946 was the first year blacks had voted in a primary, gaining the right to vote -
Integration of the armed forces
http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=84 On July 1, 1948 President Harry Truman signed executive order 9981. This important document desergergated the armed forces. Executive Order 9981 stated that "there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed forces without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin." Some people didn't want this but president Truman went through with it. -
Brown vs. Board of Education
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_EducationThe doctrine from the Plessey vs. Ferguson case required that any separate facilities had to be of equal quality. However, the plaintiffs in this case argued that segregation was inherently equal. Brown noticed this and segregating schools was unconstitutional, so he went to court with the Board of Education. Brown ended up winning, gaining blacks more freedom. -
Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott
http://biography.jrank.org/pages/2980/Parks-Rosa.htmlAn elderly woman with the name of Rosa Parks got onto a white bus and refused to give up her seat, the rule for a segregated bus was you had to stand up. Since she broke this rule the police arrested her. This upset the black community and they began boycotting buses. After a while, the government declared this was unconstitutional and legalized non-segregated buses. -
Change to the Georgia flag in 1956
https://forsyth.angellearning.com/section/default.asp?id=SY12-LAK-8420-1John Sammons Bell, Jefferson Lee Davis, and Willis Harden introduced the bill to change the flag. It ended up changing the flag to look like the "Stars and Bars" with the Georgia state symbol to the left. This flag was thought to have shown Georgia's resistance to integrate. -
Little Rock "Nine"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Rock_NineNine black students tried to attend Central high in Little Rock, Arkansas. This school should have been integrated, but the Arkansas National Guard would not let the nine students in. With threats of being lynched the nine black students still tried to get in. They eventually did when the president, Dwight D. Eisenhower, had to step in. One of the nine students, Ernest Green, was one the first blacks to graduate -
Hebrew Benevolent Congregation in ATL bombed
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombing_of_the_Hebrew_Benevolent_Congregation_TempleOn Oct. 12, 1958 in the morning the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation had a whole blown through it walls due to fifty sticks of dynamite. Nobody was hurt, but it cost the temple a lot of money to repair. The synagogue was targeted by the Ku Klux Klan because Rabbi Jacob Rothschild was good friends with Martin Luther King Jr. -
Sibley Commission
https://forsyth.angellearning.com/section/default.asp?id=SY12-LAK-8420-1The Sibley Commission was founded to study the problem of school integration. Headed by John Sibley, it interviewed natives of Georgia how they felt about school integration. 66% of Georgians said they'd rather see public schools close down than integrate. After hearing this John Sibley and the commission recommended that school systems should have the choice of integrating or not, even though this went against the law established after Brown v. Board of Education During this time many private -
Integration of UGA
http://crdl.usg.edu/events/uga_integration/?Welcome A judge decided to allow the enrollment of two black students, this decision ended the 160 years of segregation. Since the law of funds being cut to the schools who integrated had been passed in Georgia, there were rumors UGA was going to close down. After a riot broke out and brought negative attention to Georgia the government repealed the law of no funding to integrated schools. This was a big step for the Civil Rights movement in Georgia. -
Freedom Rides
http://www.core-online.org/History/freedom%20rides.htm On May 4, 1961 seven blacks and six whites left Washington D.C. on two coach buses bound for the Deep South. This tactic was to test the ruling of Boynton v. Virginia, which declared segregation in interstate buses and trains was unconstitutional. On the first week the seven blacks received minor hostility but on the second week they were beaten. Outside Anniston, Alabama one of the buses was burned, they were also attacked by a mob in Birmingham and had to be evacuated. The group the freedom -
Freedom Rides continued
http://www.core-online.org/History/freedom%20rides.htm evacuated. The group the freedom riders were a part of a group and they didn't want the ride to end on a bad note, so they sent some freedom riders from Birmingham to Montgomery. The trip didn't experience any trouble, but once the bus arrived a mob of 1,000 white men met them. The violence this mob caused put pressure on President Kennedy to end it. -
The Albany Movement
https://forsyth.angellearning.com/section/default.asp?id=SY12-LAK-8420-1NAACP and SNCC decide to test the new law that made segregation of interstate buses and train stations illegal. Black protestors led by Dr. William Anderson, sat in the "whites part" of Albany bus station and were arrested. Over 500 people were in jail at one point or on bond. The Sheriff in Albany put up a good fight so nobody would despise the town. Since the Sheriff's efforts worked so well it wasn't considered a win for the Civil Rights Movement. -
Birmingham Protests
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_campaignThe Birmingham camping was a strategy to bring attention to the unequal treatment to the blacks living there. The protests began as a boycott to local businesses but when they resisted they relied on sit-ins and marches. This provoked mass arrests. When adult volunteers ran low the SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference) trained teenagers and kids. After the kids and teenagers started getting arrested, it brought a lot public attention which wasn't good for Birmingham. Then the Police -
Birmingham Protests continued
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_campaignDepartment got sick and tired of the protesting, so Eugene "bull" Connor used fire hoses and attack dogs on bystanders and protestors. This event brought a lot of negative attention to Birmingham and the south. -
March On Wahington
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_on_Washington_for_Jobs_and_FreedomThe march on Washington for Jobs and Freedom was one of the biggest rallies for Human rights in United States history. The number of people there was estimated at around 500,000, 300,000 African-American and 200,000 Police officers. This march had one of the biggest impacts on the Civil Rights Movement; Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his famous "I Have A Dream" speech. This march was credited with helping to pass the Civil Rights Act (1964) and the Voting Rights Act (1965) -
16th Street Baptist Church Bombing
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_Street_Baptist_Church_bombingOn September 16, 1963 an African-American church was bombed killing 4 girls. A Ku Klux Klan group planted a box of dynamite with a time delay under the steps of the basement. Besides killing the four girls it injured another 22 people. This marked a turning point in the Civil Rights movement and contributed to the passing of Civil Rights Act. -
JFK Assassination
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy
At 12:30P.M. On Nov. 22, 1963 John F. Kennedy was assassinated in the Presidential motorcade. Lee Harvey Oswald acting alone fatally shot President Kennedy and his wife. In 1979 United States House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) decided Oswald shot JFK because of a conspiracy. -
Civil Rights Act
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964This act outlawed major discrimination against black and any other segregation of African Americans. It also ended Jim Crow laws, so equal facilities had to be built. This was the main goal that blacks were striving for, but this doesn't mean black would be treated the right way -
Voting Rights Act
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_Rights_ActThis act outlawed racist voting practices and disenfranchisement of African-Americans. This act was signed into congress by President Lyndon B. Johnson, he also signed the Civil Rights Act. -
Summer Hill Race Riot
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