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American Dream- Fredrick Jackson Turner
Frederick Jackson Turner (November 14, 1861 – March 14, 1932) was an American historian in the early 20th century, based at the University of Wisconsin until 1910, and then at Harvard. -
American Dream- Homestead Act
A special act of Congress (1862) that made public lands in the West available to settlers without payment, usually in lots of 160 acres, to be used as farms. -
American Dream- Morrill Act
An act of Congress (1862) granting each state 30,000 acres (12,000 hectares) of land for each member it had in Congress, 90 percent of the gross proceeds of which were to be used for the endowment and maintenance of colleges and universities teaching agricultural and mechanical arts and other subjects. -
Conflict- Sand Creek Massacre
Sand Creek Massacre, also called Chivington Massacre, (November 29, 1864), controversial surprise attack upon a surrendered, partially disarmed Cheyenne Indian camp in southeastern Colorado Territory by a force of about 675 U.S. troops, mostly Colorado volunteers, under Colonel John M. Chivington. -
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Conflict- Battle of Little Big Horn
A battle in which General George Custer and his forces were defeated by Sioux and Cheyenne warriors on June 25, 1876, popularly known as Custer's Last Stand. It took place in the valley of the Little Bighorn River in Montana. -
Conflict- The Chinese Exclusion Act
The Chinese Exclusion Act was a United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers. The Chinese Exclusion Act was the first law implemented to prevent a specific ethnic group from immigrating to the United States. -
Movement- The Oklahoma Land Rush
The Oklahoma Land Rush of 1889 was the first land rush into the Unassigned Lands. The area that was opened to settlement included all or part of the present-day Canadian, Cleveland, Kingfisher, Logan, Oklahoma, and Payne counties of the US state of Oklahoma. -
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Movement- Ellis Island
Island in the harbor of New York City, southwest of Manhattan. From 1892 to 1954, it served as the prime immigration station of the country. Some twelve million immigrants passed through it during this time. -
Conflict- Pullman Strike
The Pullman Strike was a nationwide railroad strike in the United States on May 11, 1894 and a turning point for US labor law. It pitted the American Railway Union (ARU) against the Pullman Company, the main railroads, and the federal government of the United States under President Grover Cleveland. -
Progress- Boomtowns
A town undergoing rapid growth due to sudden prosperity. The significance of boom towns to progress is that when a town is coming alive with all sorts of culture and technology the only way that town is going is forward into the future. -
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Movement- Angel Island
From January 21, 1910 –November 5, 1940, Angel Island was an immigration station where immigrants entering the United States were detained and interrogated. The Angel Island Immigration Station, located in San Francisco Bay, California, is rich in history and has served multiple purposes. -
Progress-Barbwire
Barb wire was a piece of metal with sharp metal ends to protect an area. Barbed wire was used to keep cattle off areas of land that were being destroyed by grazing. Barbwire was significant to progress as a form of protection and ended the open range system. -
Progress- Telephone
An apparatus, system, or process for transmission of sound or speech to a distant point, especially by an electric device. The telephone is significant to progress because it allows people to instantly communicate with friends, relatives, or an emergency agency to contact for help. -
Progress- Transcontinental Railroad
A train route across the United States, finished in 1869. It was the project of two railroad companies: the Union Pacific built from the east, and the Central Pacific built from the west. The two lines met in Utah. -
Movement- Cowboys
A man, typically one on horseback, who herds and tends cattle, especially in the western US and as represented in westerns and novels. -
Movement- Farmers
a person who cultivates land or crops or raises animals (such as livestock or fish). The significance of Farmers toward movement is that Farmers were looking for better land during the westward expansion. But farmers are important for produce, items, and foods such as cattle, pigs, and goats for their milk. -
Conflict- Open Range System
open range is range land where cattle roam freely regardless of land ownership. Where there are "open range" laws, those wanting to keep animals off their property must erect a fence to keep animals out; this applies to public roads as well. -
American Dream- Women's Suffrage
The right of women to vote; exercise of the franchise by women. -
American Dream- Spectator Sport
Any sport that can be watched by spectators, as football or basketball, usually for a fee. -
Progress- Refrigerator Cars
A refrigerator car (or "reefer") is a refrigerated boxcar (U.S.), a piece of railroad rolling stock designed to carry perishable freight at specific temperatures. Refrigerator cars were significant to progress because they provided a way to transport perishable items over long distances.