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Benito Mussolini
He was born on July 29, 1883, in Predappio, Forliì, Kindom of Italy. He was an Italian politician, journalist, and leader of the National Fascist Party, ruling the country as Prime Minister from 1922 until his ousting in 1943. On April 28, 1945, he and Petacci were both summarily shot, along with most of the members of their 15-man train, primarily ministers and officials of the Italian Social Republic. -
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Harry S. Truman
He was born on May 8, 1884, in Lamat, Missouri. He was the 33rd President of the United States (1945-53). as the final running mate of President FDR in 1944, Truman succeeded to the presidency on April 12, 1945, when Roosevelt died after months of declining health. On December 5, 1972, Truman was admitted to Kansas City's Research Hospital and Medical Center with lung congestion from pneumonia. He developed multiple organ failure and died at 7:50 am on December 26 at the age of 88. -
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Hideki Tojo
He was born on December 30, 1884, in Hamachi district of Tokyo, Empire of Japan. He was a general of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA), the leader of the Imperial Rule Assistence Association, and the 40th Prime Minister of Japan during most of World War II, from October 17, 1941 to July 22, 1944. He died on December 23, 1948 due to suicide during his arrest. -
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Geroge S. Patton
It was a United States Army general, eho commanded the Seventh Inted States Army, and later the Third United States Army, in the European Theater of World War II. Born in 1885 to a privilaged family with an extensive military background, Patton attended the Virginia Military Institute, and later the U.S. Miitary Academy at West Ponit. He died in his sleep of pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure at about 18:00 on December 21, 1945. -
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Adolf Hitler
He was born on April 20, 1889, in Braunau am Inn, Austria-Hungary. He was Austrian-born German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party. He was chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and dictator of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. He was at the centre of Nazi Germany, World War II in Europe, and the Holocaust. On 30 April 1945, Hitler and Braun committed suicide; Braun bit into into a cyanide capsule and Hitler shot himself. -
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Dwight D. Eisenhower
He was born on October 14, 1890, in Denison, Texas. He was the 34th President of the United States from 1953 until 1961. He was a five-star general in the United States Army during World War II and served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe. On the morning of Mrach 28, 1969, at the age of 78, he died in Washington, D.C. of congestive heart failure at Walter Reed Army Hospital. The following day his body was moved to the Washington National Cathedral's Bethlehem Chapel. -
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Omar Bradley
He was born on February 12, 1893, in Randolph County, Missouri. He's the United States Army field commander in North Africa and Europe during World War II, and a General of the Army. From the Normady landings through the end of the war in Europe, he had command of all U.S. ground forces invading Germany from the west; he ultimalely commanded forty-three divisions and 1.3 million men, the largest body of American soldiers ever to serve under a U.S. field commander. He died on April 1, 1981 in NYC -
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Vernon Baker
He was born on December 17, 1919, in Cheyenne, Wyoming. He was a U.S. Army officer who received the Medal of Honor, the highest military award given by the United States Government for his valorous actions during World War II. He was awarded the medal for his actions on April 5–6, 1945 near Viareggio, Italy. He died at his St. Maries, Idaho, home on July 13, 2010 after a long battle with cancer. -
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The Holocaust
The Holocaust (also called "Ha-Shoah" in Herbew) refers to the period from January 30, 1933 - when Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany - to May 8, 1945, when the war in Europe officially ended. During this time, Jews in Europe were subjected to progressively harsher persecution that ultimately led to the murder of 6 million Jews (1.5 million of these being children) and the destruction of 5,000 Jewish communities. These deaths represented 2/3 of European Jewry and 1/3 of all world Jewry. -
Merchant Marines
The U.S. Merchant Marine Corps was officially founded on March 15, 1938, chaired by Joseph P. Kennedy (father of President John F. Kennedy). Cadet training was initially given aboard the government’s subsidized ships. Desperate for mariners at the onset of World War II, the U.S. Maritime Service officially accepted youngsters who were as young as 16 years old. Some who were physically impaired or unfit for the regular service went into the Merchant Marine. -
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Flying Tigers
The 1st American Volunteer Group (AVG) of the Chinese Air Force in 1941–1942, nicknamed the "Flying Tigers", comprised pilots from the United States Army Air Corps (USAAC), Navy (USN), and Marine Corps (USMC), recruited under presidential authority and commanded by Claire Lee Chennault. The shark-faced nose art of the Flying Tigers remains among the most recognizable image of any individual combat aircraft or combat unit of World War II. -
Navajo Code Talkers
Early in 1942, Johnston met with Major General Clayton B. Vogel, the commanding general of Amphibious Corps, Pacific Fleet, and his staff. Johnston staged tests under simulated combat conditions which demonstrated that Navajo men could encode, transmit, and decode a three-line English message in 20 seconds, versus the 30 minutes required by machines at that time. -
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Manhattan Project
From 1942 to 1946, the project was under the direction of Major General Leslie Groves of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer was the scientific director of the Los Alamos National Laboratory that designed the actual bombs. -
Executive Order 9066
The United States presidential executive order signed and issued during World War II by the United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt on February 19, 1942, authorizing the Secretary of War to prescribe certain areas as military zones. Eventually, EO 9066 cleared the way for the deportation of Japanese Americans, Italian Americans, and German Americans to internment camps. The executive order was spurred by a combination of war hysteria and reactions to the Niihau Incident. -
Bataan Death March
It began on April 9, 1942, was the forcible transfer by the Imperial Japanese Army of 60,000-80,000 Filipino and American prisoners of war after the three-month Battle of Bataan in the Philippines during World War II. All told, approximately 2,500-10,000 Filipino and 100-650 American prisoners of war died before they could reach their destination at Camp O'Donnell. -
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Battle of Midway
The crucial and decisive naval battle in the Pacific Theatre of world War II. Between June 4-7, 1942, only 6 months after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, and one month after the Battle of the Coral Sea, the U.S. Navy under Admirals Chester Nimitz, Frank Jack Fletcher, and Raymond A. Spruance decisively defeated an attacking fleet of the Imperial Japanese Navy under Admirals Isoroku Yamamoto, Chuichi Nagumo, and Nobutake Kondo on Midway Atoll, inflicting devastating. -
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Office of War Information
The United States government agency created during WWII to consolidate existing government information services and deliver propaganda both at home and abroad. OWI operated from June 1942 until Sep. 1945. Through radio broadcasts, newspapers, posters, photographs, films & other forms of media, the OWI was the connection between the battlefront and civilian communities. The office also established several overseas branches, which launched a large-scale information and propaganda campaign abroad. -
Korematsu v. U.S.
It was a landmark United States Supreme Court case concerning the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066, which ordered Japanese Americans into internmant camps during World War II regardless of citizenship. In a 6–3 decision, the Court sided with the government, ruling that the exclusion order was constitutional. Six of eight Roosevelt appointees sided with Roosevelt. The lone Republican appointee, Owen Roberts, dissented. -
D-Day Invasion
Although the term D-Day is used routinely as military lingo for the day an operation or event will take place, for many it is also synonymous with June 6, 1944, the day the Allied powers crossed the English Channel and landed on the beaches of Normandy, France, beginning the liberation of Western Europe from Nazi control during World War II. -
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Potsdam Conference
It was held at Cecilienhof, the home of Crown Prince Wilhelm Hohenzollern, in Potsdam, occupied Germany, from July 17 to August 2 1945. (In some older documents it is also referred to as the Berlin Conference of the Three Heads of Government of the USSR, USA and UK) Participants were the Soviet Union, the UK and USA. The three powers were represented by Communist Party General Secretary Joseph Stalin, Prime Ministers Winston Churchill, and, later, Clement Attlee, and President Harry S. Truman. -
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Hiroshima/Nagasaki
In August 1945, during the final stage of the Second World War, the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The two bombings, which killed at least 129,000 people, remain the only use of nuclear weapons for warfare in human history. -
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Atomic Bomb
In August 1945, during the final stage of the Second World War, the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The two bombings, which killed at least 129,000 people, remain the only use of nuclear weapons for warfare in human history. -
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Nuremberg Trials
The series of military tribunals, held by the Allied forces after WWII, most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political, military, and economic leadership of Nazi Germany. The trials were held in the city of Nuremberg, Germany. The first, and best known of these trials, described as "the greatest trial in history" by Norman Birkett, one of the British judges who presided over it, was the trial of the major war criminals before the International Military Tribunal (IMT).
