Unit 4 (1450 CE -1750 CE)

  • Period: May 8, 1394 to May 8, 1460

    Henry the Navigator

    Junior Prince(infante) of Kingdom of Portugal, early European exploration and maritime trade, man of virtues.
  • Period: May 8, 1451 to May 8, 1506

    Colombus

    Maritime explorer and navigator for the Crown of Castille, and colonizer from Republic of Genoa, Spanish colonization, found new world wihle looking for alternate trade route.
  • Period: May 8, 1460 to May 8, 1524

    De Gama

    Portuguese explorer, successful in Age of Discovery, commander of first ships to sail directly from Europe to India, Governor of India(Viceroy).
  • Period: May 8, 1471 to May 8, 1541

    Pizarro

    Spanish conquistador, conquered Inca Empire, founded capital of Republic of Peru- Lima which had natives with precious metals.
  • Period: May 8, 1480 to May 8, 1521

    Magellan

    Portuguese explorer, served King Charles of Spain, searched for a westward route to the spice islands, first to sail from Atlantic to Pacific. Voyage was the first circumnavigation of the earth.
  • Period: May 9, 1483 to May 9, 1530

    Babur

    Military adventurer rising to power at Kabul(Afghanistan), laid basis for Mughal Empire, first Mughal Emporer, descendant of Timur, expanded Persian cultural influence.
  • Period: May 9, 1485 to May 9, 1547

    Cortes

    Spanish conquistador that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire, brought parts of Mexico under rule of King of Castile. He also was against Cuba and defeated them when they attempted to arrest him.
  • Period: May 9, 1492 to

    Creation of Colonies in the New World

    Vikings were the first to reach(Greenland,Newfoundland), European conquest under Christopher Columbus and colonization, started at caribbean coast and spread to include entire western hemisphere.
  • Period: May 9, 1492 to

    Columbian Exchange

    The Columbian Exchange was a dramatically widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, human populations (including slaves), communicable disease, and ideas between the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Maize, potatoes, and tomatoes became important crops in Eurasia.
  • Period: May 9, 1500 to

    Triangular Trade

    Trans-Atlantic slave trade; from Great Britain to Africa - beads, cloth, hardware, rum, salt, weapons for slaves. Africa to America- slaves and European goods. Giant American to Great Britain - manufactured goods.
  • Period: May 9, 1501 to

    Safavid Empire

    Ruled in Iran, established twelver school of Shi'a Islam(official religion), marked a key turning point in Muslim history. Revival of Persia as an economic stronghold, "checks and balances", architectural innovations, focus on fine arts.
  • Period: May 9, 1517 to

    Protestant Reformation

    Movement stablishing Protestantism as a branch of Christianity, were against Catholic Church. Initiated by John Clavin and Martin Luther. Sparked by Luther's "Ninety-five Theses."
  • Period: May 9, 1526 to

    Mughal Empire

    Imperial power ruling large portion of Indian sub-continent, descendants of Timurids, ruled by Akbar the Great, weakened by- wars of succession, local revolts, growth of religious tolerance.
  • Period: May 9, 1543 to

    Scientific Revolution

    Period of new ideas in physics, astronomy, biology, human anatomy, chemistry, and other sciences, rejection of doctrines, foundation of modern science. Began in Europe, followed by the 'Enlightenment'
  • Period: May 9, 1552 to

    Matteo Ricci

    Italian Jesuit priest, one founding father of Jesuit China Mission, current title is Servant of God, learned Chinese language and customs to be able to convert its people.
  • Period: May 9, 1564 to

    Galileo

    Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, philosopher, major role in Scientific Revolution, improvements on telescope, model of universe(Heliocentric).
  • Period: to

    Tokugawa Shogunate

    Following the period of "warring states." Feudal regime of Japan, ruled by shoguns, known as Edo period, abolished during Meiji Restoration. Based on strict class heirarchy. Economically, foreign trade was monopolized and a huge profit was yielded.
  • Period: to

    Thirty Years Wars

    Fought in Germany, naval warfare, religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics, famine and disease broke out, decline in power of Catholic Church. One of the longest and most destructive conflict in European history. Caused decline of feudalism., decentralization of Holy Roman Empire.
  • Period: to

    Qing Dynasty

    Also known as Manchu, last ruling dynasty of China, preceded by Ming, followed by Republic of China, highly integrated with Chinese culture.
  • Period: to

    Enlightenment

    Era in western philosophy, intellectual, scientific, and cultural life, reason, legitimacy, and authority. Purpose was to reform society and advance knowledge. Influence Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson, played a major role in American Revolution.
  • Period: to

    Peter the Great

    Ruled Russia and Russian Empire, expanded and modernized, transformed Tsardom of Russia into 3-billion acre empire. Led a cultural revolution that replaced the traditionalist and medieval social and political system.
  • Period: to

    French-Indian War

    War between Great Britain and France in North America, erupted into 7-years war. France loses and gives Britain Canada and Spain and Louisiana. Spain cedes Florida to GB. The Treaty of Paris is the result of this war.
  • Period: to

    Catherine the Great

    Empress of Russia after death of Peter III, improved admin and modernized, success in foreign policy, Russia recognized as one of the great powers in Europe.