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Suffrage
the right to vote in public, political elections, although the term is sometimes used for any right to vote. The right to run for office is sometimes called candidate eligibility, and the combination of both rights is sometimes called full suffrage. -
Third Parties Politics
American political parties other than the Republican and Democratic parties. These include the Libertarian and Green parties. -
Urbanization
Over the last two centuries, the United States of America has been transformed from a predominantly rural, agricultural nation into an urbanized, industrial one. This was largely due to the Industrial Revolution in the United States in the late 18th and early 19th centuries and the rapid industrialization which the United States experienced as a result. In 1790, only about one out of every twenty Americans on average lived in urban areas. -
Indian Removal
a policy of the United States government in the 19th century whereby Native Americans were forcibly removed from their ancestral homelands in the eastern United States to lands west of the Mississippi River, thereafter known as Indian Territory. -
Industrialization
Industrialization began around the 18th century and was known as the industrialization. Industrialization was the development of manufacturing factories, technical enterprises, and anything that influenced economic activity or made production easier. Someone who majorly influenced industrialization was Samuel Slater who is now known as the " Father of the American Industrial Revolution". -
Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny was a term used to describe white settlers american expansion across the country from coast to coast. Manifest Destiny was first used by John L. O'Sullivan to convince others to move west. It was also believed that God had sent a message that he wanted white americans to settle the entire country. -
Immigration and the American Dream
the international movement of individuals who are not natives or do not possess citizenship in order to settle, reside, study or to take-up employment in the United States. It has been a major source of population growth and cultural change throughout much of the history of the United States. In 1850, 2,244,602 people had immigrated to America. -
Homestead Act
The Homestead Act encouraged people to move west by giving settlers 160 acres of land for a small fee. All the settlers had to do was go out, claim their land, and if they somehow improved the land within the next 5 years, it was theirs to keep. This was put in place by Abraham Lincoln and included all American citizens and freed slaves. -
Susan B. Anthony
1869 Susan B. Anthony co-founded the National Woman Suffrage Association. Her and Elizabeth Stanton wrote and published a women's newspaper for about two years. She contributed a lot to the 19th Amendment, worked to end slavery, and was part of a temperance movement to stop the production and sale of alcohol. -
The Gilded Age
The Gilded Age began in the late 19th century and was a time of economic growth and wealth. A lot of corruption spread throughout the US so that people could be successful and have thriving businesses. Many inventions were created, businesses founded, and while the economic status of the country seemed to increase, there was still a lot of people barely making money and working too hard for too little. -
Populism & Progressivism
the support for or advocacy of social reform. As a philosophy, it is based on the Idea of Progress, which asserts that advancements in science, technology, economic development, and social organization are vital to the improvement of the human condition. -
Nativism
the political policy of promoting the interests of native inhabitants against those of immigrants. However, this is currently more commonly described as an anti-immigrant position. -
Haymarket Riot
The Haymarket Riot was originally a labor protest until someone throw an explosive at a police officer. The working conditions for the industrial workers were terrible and they were not paid enough so a rally was organized at Haymarket square on this day. As a result of the riot at least 8 people were killed. -
Dawes Act
Created by senator Henry Laurens Dawes the Dawes act gave land under the control of Indian tribes to white American settlers. The president of the US was to survey the indian's land and if it was good, it would be given to the white settlers and the indians would keep whatever land was left to their individual families. Those who cooperated were granted citizenship in the US. -
Jane Addams
Jane Addams founded the first settlement house which was named the Hull House. She was also a peace activist and advocate for immigrants, the poor, and women. Addams published many books and was a first generation college educated woman. -
Muckraker
Used in the Progressive Era to characterize reform-minded American journalists who attacked established institutions and leaders as corrupt. They typically had large audiences in some popular magazines. -
Initrative and Referendum
the process of initiatives and referendums allow citizens of many U.S. states to place new legislation on a popular ballot, or to place legislation that has recently been passed by a legislature on a ballot for a popular vote. Initiatives and referendums, along with recall elections and popular primary elections, are signature reforms of the Progressive Era; and they are written into several state constitutions, particularly in the West. -
Andrew Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie was a Scottish immigrant who took on many jobs for his success. Carnegie founded his own steel company in 1892 and opened his first steel plant in 1875. He invested in companies, gave away public libraries, wrote books, and was the wealthiest man in the 19th century. -
William Jennings Bryan
William Jennings Bryan was very well known for his Cross of Gold speech delivered in 1896. His speech got him nominated for the presidential election that year but he lost. William Bryan ran another two times but continued to remain defeated. -
Klondike Gold Rush
August 1896 Yukon indians had found gold around Canada in a place they had renamed Bonanza Creek. Gold was found everywhere and the stakeholders aka "Klondike Kings", became very wealthy. Although many became wealthy, many also died or did not make it to the area full of gold because of the cold temperatures. -
Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt was the 26th president of the United States and was the youngest man to serve the position. Roosevelt also served in the the Spanish-American war as lieutenant colonel. He won the Nobel peace prize for his contribution to ending the Russian-Japanese war and died January 6th, 1919 -
Dollar Diplomacy
a form of American foreign policy to further its aims in Latin America and East Asia through use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries. Historian Thomas A. Bailey argues that dollar diplomacy was nothing new, as the use of diplomacy to promote commercial interest dates from the early years of the Republic. -
Eugene V. Debbs
Eugene V. Debbs was one of the five founders of the Industrial Workers of the World in 1905. He was also an American union leader who ran for president five times. Debbs was an advocate for the abolition of child labor and women's suffrage rights. -
Pure Food & Drug Act
the Pure Food and Drug Act was made so that poisonous or otherwise dangerous medicines, foods, or alcohol would not be manufactured and sold. these items were also inspected and approved to make sure they were not misbranded or tampered with before sale This was also known as the Wiley Act. -
Upton Sinclair
Upton Sinclair was an activist, author, and journalist. He is best known from his book The Jungle, Published in 1906. The Jungle exposes the real conditions of the meat industry, discussing the unsanitary environment and the cruel treatment on animals. -
Ida B. Wells
Ida Wells was a founding member of the NAACP. Wells was a journalist who led a crusade against lynching. She also was the first president of the NFL (Negro Fellowship League) and founded a AA women's suffrage group. -
16th Amendment
The 16th Amendment states that congress has the power to collect taxes incomes coming from any source of money making. The states do not have power over income tax and everyone has to pay it if they work. This helped build a powerful federal American government in the 20th century. -
17th Amendment
The 17th Amendment stated that each state in the US is to have two senators that serve 6 term years. They senators will be elected by the citizens in each state and these state representatives shall each have one vote. This was passed because individuals wanted direct democracy. -
Federal Reserve Act
The federal reserve act was passed to created the federal reserve system we still have in use today. This system's purpose was to create some sort of economic stability for the country. This was passed by president Woodrow Wilson who gave our 12 federal reserve banks to right to printout money to ensure the countries stability. -
18th Amendment
The 18th Amendment prohibited the sale, manufacture, and transportation of alcoholic beverages. Alcohol was still not illegal to consume, but the Amendment was a result of the current temperance movement during that time period in history. This Amendment was overturned by the 21st Amendment and was the completely removed. -
19th Amendment
The 19th Amendment said that no one shall be denied the right to vote regardless of sex. This was a big breakthrough for women because many had fought and protested so that they could be granted suffrage. Before this voting was just one of the many rights women didn't share with men and women like Elizabeth Stanton and and Lucretia Mott played big roles in helping this Amendment get passed. -
Tea P
Also known as the oil reserves scandal, this scandal was about secret leasing of federal oil reserves to companies. Harry F. Sinclair had given the Mammoth Oil Company rights to the Tea Pot Oil Dome reserves. He also granted other rights to petroleum in CA but he was soon exposed after the US senate put him under investigation. -
Political Machines
a political organization in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses (usually campaign workers), who receive rewards for their efforts. The machine's power is based on the ability of the workers to get out the vote for their candidates on election day. -
Clarence Darrow
Clarence Darrow was an American lawyer how fought in the monkey trial. He was also a leading member of the American Civil Liberties Union and supported the Georgist economic reform which focused on single tax and eliminated any other form of taxes. He worked in the defense counsel of criminal cases and went on to defend Eugene V. Debbs. -
Civil Service Reform
reformed the civil service of the United States federal government, partly in response to the Watergate scandal. The Act abolished the U.S. Civil Service Commission and distributed its functions primarily among three new agencies: the Office of Personnel Management (OPM), the Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB), and the Federal Labor Relations Authority (FLRA).
