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Political machines
a political group in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses, who receive rewards for their efforts. The machine's power is based on the ability of the workers to get out the vote for their candidates on election day. -
Industrialization
the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society, involving the extensive re-organisation of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing. -
Social Gospel
Christian faith practiced as a call not just to personal conversion but to social reform. -
Populism and progressivism
a movement that was led by the farmers for the economic change, where Progressivism, commenced in the beginning of 20th century was the movement of urban middle class against the political system, which they believe was corrupt and the electable were chosen through -
Nativism
political policy of promoting the interests of native inhabitants against those of immigrants.this is currently more commonly described as an immigration restriction position. -
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Susan B. Anthony
was an American social reformer and women's rights activist who played a pivotal role in the women's suffrage movement. committed to social equality, she collected anti-slavery petitions at the age of 17 -
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Andrew Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie was a Scottish-American industrialist, business magnate, and philanthropist and he led the expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century -
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Robber barons
a person who has become rich through ruthless and unscrupulous business practices a derogatory metaphor of social criticism originally applied to certain late 19th-century American businessmen who were accused of using unscrupulous methods to get rich, or expand -
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Alexander Graham bell
a Scottish-born scientist, inventor, engineer, and innovator who is credited with inventing and patenting the first practical telephone. He also founded the American Telephone and Telegraph Company -
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Jacob riis
acob Riis was a Danish-American social reformer, muckraker journalist and social documentary photographer. -
Bessemer steel production
Was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass production of steel from molten pig iron before the development of the open hearth furnace. The key principle is removal of impurities from the iron by oxidation with air being blown through the molten iron. -
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Samuel Gompers
American labor union leader and a key figure in American labor history. Gompers founded the American Federation of Labor, and served as the organization's president from 1886 to 1894 -
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Eugene V. debbs
an American socialist, political activist, trade unionist, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World, -
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Clarence Darrow
an American lawyer, a leading member of the American Civil Liberties Union, and a prominent advocate for Georgist economic reform -
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Theodore roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt Jr. was an American statesman and writer who served as the 26th President of the United States from 1901 to 1909. He also served as the 25th Vice President of the United States.Governor of New York from 1899 to 1900. -
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Jane Addams
Jane Addams, known as the "mother" of social work, was a pioneer American settlement activist/reformer, social worker, public philosopher, sociologist, public administrator, protestor, author, and leader in women's suffrage and world peace. And she developed a hull house -
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William jennings Bryan
an American orator and politician from Nebraska. Beginning in 1896, he emerged as a dominant force in the Democratic Party, standing three times as the party's nominee for President of the United States -
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Ida B. Wells
was an African-American investigative journalist, educator, and an early leader in the Civil Rights Movement.She was one of the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People -
Tenement
A multi-occupancy building of any sort. However, in the United States, it has come to refer most specifically to a run-down apartment building or to a slum. -
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The gilded age
an era of rapid economic growth, especially in the North and West. As American wages were much higher than those in Europe, especially for skilled workers, the period saw an influx of millions of European immigrants. -
Labor strikes
Strike action, also called labor strike, labour strike, or simply strike, is a work stoppage, caused by the mass refusal of employees to work. A strike usually takes place in response to employee grievances. Strikes became common during the Industrial Revolution, when mass labor became important in factories and mines. -
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Upton Sinclair
was an American writer who wrote nearly 100 books and other works in several genres. he won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1943. -
labor unions
s an organization of workers who have come together to achieve many common goals, such as protecting the integrity of its trade -
Haymarket riot
the aftermath of a bombing that took place at a labor demonstration on Tuesday, May 4, 1886, at Haymarket Square in Chicago. It began as a peaceful rally in support of workers striking for an eight-hour day and in reaction to the killing of several workers the previous day by the police. -
Interstate commerce act 1887
a United States federal law that was designed to regulate the railroad industry, particularly its monopolistic practices. The Act required that railroad rates be "reasonable and just," but did not empower the government to fix specific rates. -
Sherman antitrust act
A United States antitrust law passed by Congress under the presidency of Benjamin Harrison, which regulates competition among enterprises -
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Klondike gold rush
a migration by an estimated 100,000 prospectors to the Klondike region of the Yukon in north-western Canada -
Initiative,Referendum,Recall
three powers reserved to enable the voters, by petition, to propose or repeal legislation or to remove an elected official from office. Proponents of an initiative, referendum, or recall effort must apply for an official petition serial number from the Town Clerk. -
Pure food and drug act
was the first of a series of significant consumer protection laws which was enacted by Congress in the 20th century and led to the creation of the Food and Drug Administration. -
Dollar diplomacy
was a form of American foreign policy to further its aims in Latin America and East Asia through use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries. -
16th Amendments
allows the Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states or basing it on the United States Census -
17th Amendments
the United States Constitution established the popular election of United States Senators by the people of the states -
Federal reserve act
an Act of Congress that created the Federal Reserve System, and which created the authority to issue Federal Reserve Notes as legal tender. The Act was signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson. -
18th Amendment
effectively established the prohibition of intoxicating liquors in the United States by declaring the production, transport, and sale of intoxicating liquors illegal -
Settlement house
The settlement movement was a reformist social movement that began in the 1880s and peaked around the 1920s in England and the U.S. Its goal was to bring the rich and the poor of society together in both physical proximity and social interconnectedness. -
19th Amendments
the United States Constitution prohibits the states and the federal government from denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States on the basis of sex. -
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Teapot dome scandal
a bribery scandal involving the administration of United States President Warren G. Harding -
Muckraker
Used in the Progressive Era to characterize reform-minded American journalists who attacked established institutions and leaders as corrupt.
