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16th amendment
The congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several states, and without regard to any census or enumeration. -
18th amendment
After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the transportation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the united states and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof from the united states and all territory subject to the Jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited. -
Political Machines
organizations whose main goals were the rewards (money, influence, prestige) of getting and keeping power
-known for fraud and bribery
-provided relief, security, and services to voters
-popular in immigrant societies -
Industrialization
The development of large-scale manufacturing, advanced technical enterprises, and other productive economic activity into an area, society, country. Development of industries in a country or region. -
Susan B. Anthony
A leader who fought for suffrage and other rights for women and African Americans. She was a quaker and strongly believed men and women are equal and fought for her rights. -
Monroe Doctrine
Law authorized the president to negotiate with southern Indian tribes for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi river in exchange for their lands. -
Indian removal
The Indian Removal Act was the action of removing Indians from the lands East of the Mississippi River. The plan was finished by moving the Indians to what is now Oklahoma. -
Andrew Carnegie
One of the most important philanthropists of his era. Scottish-American industrialist, businessman who led the enormous expansion of the American steel industry -
Manifest Destiny
The 19th century doctorine or belief that the expansion of the u.s. throughout the american continents was both justified and inevitable. -
Nativisim
Favoritism toward native-born Americans, caused immigrants issues with jobs and adapting to the new culture and language. The policy of protecting the interests of native born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants. -
Bessemer process
A cheap and efficient process for making steel, developed around 1850. Allowed for the price of steel to drop dramatically and for its production to be done with ease. The process involved blowing cold air on red-hot iron in order to ignite the carbon and eliminate impurities. -
Eugene V. Debs
He was head of the American Railway Union and director of the Pullman strike, he was imprisoned along with his associates for ignoring a federal court injunction to stop striking. While in prison, he read Socialist literature and emerged as a Socialist leader in America -
Clarence Darrow
He was a famed criminal lawyer for scopes who supported evolution. He worked in "Monkey Trial" and made William Jennings Bryan appear foolish when he asked bryan about the bible. -
Theodore Roosevelt
26th president known for conservationism, trust busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War. -
William Jennings Bryan
He joined the prosecution in the " Monkey Trials" against the teachings of evolution in schools, he was supposed to be an expert on the Bible, but ended up not knowing anything in the case and then died soon after that. -
Jane Addams
Middle class woman dedicated to uplifting the urban masses. Went to college and got an education (one of first generation). Established the Hull House in Chicago in 1889 (most prominent American settlement house for immigrants). Condemned war and poverty. Won the Nobel Peace Prize in 193. -
Homestead act
Encouraged western migration by providing settlers 160 acres of public land in exchange, homesteaders paid a small filling fee and were required to complete five years of continuous residence before receiving ownership of the land. -
Isa B. Wells
African American journalist, published statistics about lynching, urged African Americans to protest by refusing to ride streetcards or shop in white owned stores. -
Yellow Journalism
Newspaper stories that are not necessarily true to make the stories seem more appealing to the public. It was used to increase paper circulation prior to the Spanish-American war by exaggerating misdeeds of Spain prior to the war. -
Upton Sinclair
Muckraker wrote The Jungle exposing the meat packing industry and it was based off the things he's seen which was a huge shock to the nation -
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate. Signed into law by Chester B. Arthur. The first time a particular ethnic group was restricted from immigration -
Haymarket Riot
This riot was a result of the tensions between laborers and the wealthy business owners. The McCormick Reaper Company was on strike, 4 people had just been killed, and anarchists showed up and began speaking at the rally attended mainly by immigrant workers in May 1886 at Haymarket Square. -
Dawes act
Authorized the president of the united states to survey american indian tribal land and divide it into Allotments for individual indians. -
Progressivism
Reformers who worked to stop unfair practices by businesses and end corruption in government resulting from industrialization. The Progressives wanted to improve the quality of life and return government to the people. -
Populism
The movement to increase farmers political power and to work for legislation in their interest.The ideology that the common people have the capability and power to have control over their government. -
Klondike Gold Rush
an estimated 100,000 people travel to the Klondike region of the Yukon in north-western Canada between 1897 and 1899 in the hope of successfully prospecting for gold. Some miners discovered very rich deposits of gold and became wealthy. However, the majority arrived after the best of the gold fields had been claimed and only around 4,000 miners ultimately struck gold.This ended in 1899, after gold was discovered in Nome. -
Initiative & Refferendum
Initiative: people have the right to propose a new law. Referendum: a law passed by the legislature can be reference to the people for approval/veto -
Pure food and drug act
For preventing the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated or misbranded or poisonous or deleterious foods, drugs, medicines, and liquors and for regulated traffic there in, and for other purposes. -
Muckracker
Journalists who expose corruption in politics and big business. One who publishes scandal and allegations of corruption among political and business leaders. -
Dollar Diplomacy
The efforts of the US to further its foreign policy through use of economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries. -
Federal Reserve act
created 12 district banks that would lend $ at discount rates (could increase/decrease amt. of $ in circulation); loosen/tighten credit with nation's needs; first central banking system since 1836. Gives liquidity to fund all future wars without specifically going to Congress to ask for war funds. -
17th amendment
Passed in 1913, this amendment to the Constitution calls for the direct election of senators by the voters instead of their election by state legislatures. -
The gilded age
A name for the late 1800s, coined by Mark Twain to describe the huge increase in wealth caused by the industrial age and the ostentatious lifestyles. The great industrial success of the U.S. and the fabulous lifestyles of the wealthy hid the many social problems of the time, including a high poverty rate, a high crime rate, and corruption in the government. -
19th amendment
Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections. -
Tea pot Dome Scandal
Secretary of Interior Albert Fall, who accepted large sums of money and gifts from private oil companies. In exchange, Gall allowed the companies to control government oil reserves in Elk Hills, California, and Teapot Dome Wyoming. -
Urbanization
As migrants moved from the country side, small towns became large cities then by 1850, for the first time in world history, More people in a country. Great Britain lived in cities than in rural areas. -
Immigration & the American Dream
A simple idea that promises success to all who reside and work hard in the land of the free and home of the brave we as americans pride ourselves on the notion of living in a country built by immigrants who came here looking for social, political, and religions liberty -
Robber Barons (captains of industry)
A derogatory metaphor of social criticism originally applied to certain late 19th century american businessmen who used unscrupulous methods to get rich. -
Recall
The people can petition and vote to have an elected official removed from office. These all made elected officials more responsible and sensitive to the needs of the people, and part of the movement to make government more efficient and scientific. -
Social Gospel
the religious doctrines preached by those who believed that the churches should directly address economic and social problems
