Unit 3 600-1450

Post Classical Era

Period: Jan 1, 600 to Dec 31, 1450

Persecution of Muslims

Jan 1, 615

the religious persecution inflicted upon the followers of the Islamic faith.

Founding of Islam

Jan 1, 622

The founding of Islam was founded by Muhammad, him and his followers spread their religion.

Abu Sufyan's Siege

Jan 1, 627

Meccan leader Abu Sufyan made siege to Muhammad's forces in Medina during the battle of the Trench. Even with 10,000 men he was unsuccessful for the 15 days he was there.

Battle of the River Yarmuk

Jan 1, 636

The Battle of Yarmouk was a major battle between the army of the Byzantine Empire and the Muslim Arab forces of the Rashidun Caliphate.

The Quran

Jan 1, 650

The sacred scriptures of Islam.

Withdrawal of Chinese military forces from Korea/Korean independence

Jan 1, 688

Occurred as a result of consistent resistance against Chinese political control. An attempt by the Chinese to set up puppet regimes and convert Koreans to Chinese culture provoked sharp military resistance and forced the Chinese to instead establish a tributary relationship with an independent Korea.

Printing inventing in China

Jan 1, 730

The history of printing in East Asia started with the use of woodblock printing on cloth during the Han dynasty in (206 BC-220 AD)

Battle of Tours

Jan 1, 732

Started on October 10th, 732, the Franks won the battle and the Muslim leader Rahman was killed. Christianity remained as the main faith in Europe and Muslim conquests towards Europe were halted. Ended Muslim expansion into France.

Spread of Spain

Apr 15, 750

Umayyad Caliphate princess escaped to Spain and there she got to understand their government and makes an alliance with them.

Vikings Raid in Europe

Jan 1, 793

The Viking raids were very devastating to Northern Europe. The first raid occurred in the year 793 against the monastery of Lindisfarne on England's east coast. They raided Europe because they seeked slaves and wanted wealth.

Algebra Invented

Jan 1, 825

Made by the Greek mathematician Diophantus

Ghana Empire

Period: Jan 1, 830 to Dec 1, 1235

The empire grew rich from the trans-Saharan trade in gold and salt. This trade produced an increasing excess, allowing for larger urban centers. It also encouraged territorial expansion to gain control over the lucrative trade routes.

Treaty of Verdun

Jan 1, 843

843 Treaty that ended power struggle of Charlemagne's 3 sons after his death and split Franks into 3 kingdoms.

First gunpowder used in China

Jan 1, 850

It was first invented unintentionally by alchemists while attempting to make an elixir of immorality. It was a mixture of sulphur, saltpeter, and charcoal. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, gunpowder was being used in military affairs.

Decline of classical Maya

Jan 1, 900

Some believe that by the ninth century the Maya had exhausted the environment around them to the point that it could no longer sustain a very large population. Other Maya scholars argue that constant warfare among competing city-states led the complicated military, family (by marriage) and trade alliances between them to break down, along with the traditional system of dynastic power. Though the decline is still unknown, and is just based off beliefs.

Huang Chao Rebellion

Jan 1, 903

A rebellion that occurred during the Tang Dynasty, because the central powers were being took over.

Arabs spread decimal system to Spain

Jan 1, 1000

The most common system for the symbolic representation of numbers in the world. It was invented between the 1st and 4th centuries by Indian mathematicians, then later adopted by Persian mathematicians.

Great Schism in Christian Church

Jan 1, 1054

The event that precipitated the final separation between the Eastern Christian churches, led by the patriarch of Constantinople, Michael Cerularius and the Western Church, led by Pope Leo IX.

Norman conquest of England

Jan 1, 1066

The military conquest of England led by William, duke of Normandy. The conquest was the final act of a complicated drama that had begun years earlier, in the reign of Edward the Confessor.

Battle of Manzikert

Jan 1, 1071

The battle between the Byzantine Empire and Seljuk Turks (Muslims) in 1071, where the Byzantine lost. Commenced the fall of the Byzantium.

1st Crusade

Jan 1, 1095

Called by Pope Urban II to help the Byzantines and to free the city of Jerusalem.

Delhi Sultanate Founding

Jan 1, 1192

Established after Muhammad of Ghor defeated Prithvi Raj and captured Delhi in 1192. The first dynasty that was made was named the "Slave Dynasty" because the first leaders were slave soldiers.

Chinggis Khan begins the Mongol conquests

Jan 1, 1206

Chinggis also known as Temujin, assembled the Mongols into one confederation, and began the expansion of the Mongols.

Genghis and his establishments

Jan 1, 1238

Established the first pony express and postal system and gave tax breaks to teachers and clerics.

Mongols sack Baghdad, end of Abbasid caliphate

Jan 1, 1258

Was sacked due to Genghis Khan's grandson, Mongke hoping to expand the Mongol rule into Syria and Egypt

Marco Polo's travels

Period: Jan 1, 1271 to Dec 1, 1295

Also known as "Description of the World," first hand descriptions of the world between the Polar Sea to Java from Zanibar to Japan.

Yuan (Mongol) Dynasty in China

Period: Jan 1, 1279 to Dec 1, 1368

Dynasty in China set up by the Mongols under the leadership of Kublai Khan, replaced the Song (1279-1368). Change to bureaucracy to the "best of best" get the job; tried to keep Chinese from having any political power, converted to Buddhism and tolerance of other cultures.

Expansion of Ottoman Empire

Jan 1, 1300

Represented a new phase in the long encounter between Islam and Christendom

Mansa Musa's pilgrimage/hajj

Jan 1, 1324

His pilgrimage to the Muslim holy city of Mecca in 1324 introduced him to rulers in the Middle East and in Europe.

Timbuktu becomes an intellectual center

Jan 1, 1324

As Timbuktu reached its peak as a center of Islamic culture, thousands of scholars attended the three, main major universities that sparked intellectual thought.

Travels of Ibn Battuta

Period: Jan 1, 1325 to Dec 1, 1349

Ibn Battuta started on his travels when he was 20 years old in 1325. His main reason to travel was to go on a Hajj, or a Pilgrimage to Mecca, as all good Muslims want to do.

Collapse of Mongol rule in Persia in the Middle East

Jan 1, 1330

The Mongols did not leave Persia, instead, they converted into Persian lifestyles.

Bubonic plague in Europe

Period: Jan 1, 1347 to Dec 31, 1348

About 1/3 of all Europe's population died, disease spread by rats, brought by sailors from Crimea (Kaffa), work shortage, wages for skilled laborers soared; aka "Black Death."

Ming Dynasty

Period: Jan 1, 1368 to Dec 1, 1644

The peasant uprising that removed the Mongols and the Yuan Dynasty from power was led by a man named Zhu Yuanzhang.

Zheng He's 7 voyages

Period: Jan 1, 1405 to Dec 1, 1433

He visited Southeast Asia, the Arabian Peninsula, India, and the East Coast of Africa. Over the course of 28 years, they had restored China's diplomatic and trade relations, freed the oceans routes from Asia to India and Arabia of pirates, and established Chinese communities that exist today in many of the places they had visited.

Rise of Inca Empire

Jan 1, 1438

Pachacuti became ruler of the Inca's and conquered more lands/people. The empire reach 2,500 miles and ruled 12 million people.

Collapse of Byzantine Empire

Jan 1, 1450

The collapse of the Byzantine Empire was mainly caused by the frequent attacks of the Ottoman Turks and the political and economic instability played a key role.